Inkantolo yaseBrazil ikhiphe umyalelo wokuthi kuvinjelwe umuthi wokubulala ukhula i-2,4-D ezindaweni ezibalulekile zewayini nama-apula eningizimu

Inkantolo eningizimu yeBrazil muva nje iyalele ukuthi kuvinjelwe ngokushesha i-2,4-D, enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhuluimithi yokubulala ukhulaemhlabeni, esifundeni saseCampanha Gaucha eningizimu yezwe. Lesi sifunda siyisisekelo esibalulekile sokukhiqizwa kwamawayini amahle nama-apula eBrazil.

Lesi sinqumo senziwe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba ngenxa yecala lombango elifakwe yinhlangano yabalimi bendawo. Inhlangano yabalimi yathi leli khemikhali libangele umonakalo ezivinini nasezingadini zama-apula ngokukhukhuleka kwe-agent. Ngokusho kwesinqumo, i-2,4-D akufanele isetshenziswe noma kuphi endaweni yaseCampanha Gaucha. Kwezinye izindawo zaseRio Grande do Sul, akuvunyelwe ukufafaza lo muthi wokubulala ukhula ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-50 ukusuka ezivinini nasezingadini zama-apula. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kuzohlala kusebenza kuze kube yilapho uhulumeni wesifundazwe esungula uhlelo oluphelele lokuqapha kanye nokuqinisa umthetho, okuhlanganisa nokubeka izindawo ezingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Iziphathimandla zendawo zanikezwa izinsuku ezingu-120 zokusebenzisa uhlelo olusha. Ukwehluleka ukulandela imithetho kuzoholela enhlawulo yansuku zonke yama-reais ayi-10,000 (cishe amadola aseMelika angu-2,000), azodluliselwa esikhwameni sesinxephezelo semvelo sikahulumeni. Lesi sinqumo sidinga nokuthi uhulumeni amemezele kabanzi lokhu kuvinjelwa kubalimi, abathengisi bezolimo kanye nomphakathi.

I-2,4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) ibilokhu isetshenziswa kabanzi kusukela ngawo-1940, ikakhulukazi emasimini kabhontshisi, ukolweni kanye nommbila. Kodwa-ke, ukuthambekela kwayo kokukhukhuleka kanye nokuthambekela kwayo kokukhukhuleka ezindaweni eziseduze kwenze kwaba yindawo eyinhloko yempikiswano phakathi kwabalimi bokusanhlamvu kanye nabakhiqizi bezithelo eningizimu yeBrazil. Izivini kanye nezivande zama-apula zizwela kakhulu kule nto yamakhemikhali. Ngisho nokukhukhuleka okuncane kungathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yezithelo, kubangele imiphumela ebalulekile kwezomnotho ezimbonini zokuthumela iwayini nezithelo kwamanye amazwe. Abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphandle kokubhekwa okuqinile, sonke isivuno sizoba sengozini.

Akusikho okokuqala ukuthi iRio Grande do Sul ixabane nge-2,4-D. Iziphathimandla zendawo zazimise ukusetshenziswa komuthi wokubulala ukhula ngaphambilini, kodwa lokhu kungenye yemikhawulo eqinile esetshenziswa eBrazil kuze kube manje. Ochwepheshe bezolimo bathi icala lezomthetho lingabeka isibonelo sokulawulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane okuqinile kwezinye izifundazwe zaseBrazil, ligqamisa ukungezwani phakathi kwamamodeli ahlukene ezolimo: ukutshalwa kwezinhlamvu okunamandla kakhulu kanye nezimboni zezithelo newayini ezithembele ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo.

Nakuba isinqumo sisengadluliselwa phambili, umyalelo we-2,4-D uzoqhubeka usebenza kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa ezinye izinqumo yiNkantolo Ephakeme.