Ukufaka amanetha okubulala izinambuzane ezindaweni eziphumela ngaphandle, amafasitela kanye nezintuba zodonga ezindlini ezingalungiswanga kuyindlela yokulawula umalaleveva. Ingavimbela omiyane ukuthi bangangeni ezindlini, ibe nemiphumela ebulalayo futhi eyingozi kuma-vectors kamalaleveva futhi inciphise ukudluliswa kukamalaleveva. Ngakho-ke, senze ucwaningo lwe-epidemiological emakhaya aseTanzania ukuze sihlole ukusebenza kokuhlolwa kwezinambuzane zasendlini (ITS) ngokumelene nomalaleveva nama-vectors.
Umuzi wawunendlu eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ngayinye iphethwe inhloko yomkhaya, wonke amalungu omkhaya ehlanganyela ikhishi elifanayo. Imikhaya yayifaneleka ukuba ifundelwe uma ineminyango evulekile, amafasitela angenamigoqo nezindonga ezingaguquki. Wonke amalungu omndeni anezinyanga eziyisi-6 noma ngaphezulu afakiwe ocwaningweni, ngaphandle kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ababehlolwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha ngokuhambisana neziqondiso zikazwelonke.
Kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi 2021, ukuze kufinyelelwe yonke imizi edolobhaneni ngalinye, abaqoqi bokwaziswa, beqondiswa izinduna zedolobhana, bangena indlu ngendlu bexoxa nemindeni evuleke ngezindlebe, amafasitela angavikelwe nezindonga ezimile. Ilungu elilodwa lomndeni elikhulile ligcwalise uhlu lwemibuzo lokuqala. Lolu hlu lwemibuzo lwaluhlanganisa ulwazi ngendawo nezici zendlu, kanye nesimo senhlalo yabantu samalungu omndeni. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana, ifomu lemvume enolwazi (i-ICF) nohlu lwemibuzo lwabelwa isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele (i-UID), esaphrintwa, safakwa i-laminated, futhi sanamathiselwa emnyango wangaphambili womndeni ngamunye ohlanganyelayo. Idatha yesisekelo yasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza uhlu lwe-randomization, oluqondise ukufakwa kwe-ITS eqenjini lokungenelela.
Idatha yokuvama kukamalaleveva yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-protocol, ngaphandle kokuhlaziya abantu ababehambe emasontweni amabili edlule noma abaphuze imishanguzo ye-antimalarial emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kocwaningo.
Ukuze sinqume umthelela we-ITS kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindlu ezihlukene, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ITS, namaqembu obudala, senze ukuhlaziya okunezigaba. Isifo sikamalaleveva saqhathaniswa phakathi kwemikhaya ene-ITS nangenayo ngaphakathi kwe-stratification echaziwe: izindonga zodaka, izindonga zezitini, uphahla lwendabuko, uphahla lukathayela, labo abasebenzisa i-ITS ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlolwa, labo abangayisebenzisi i-ITS ngosuku olwandulela inhlolovo, izingane ezincane, izingane ezifunda isikole, nabantu abadala. Ekuhlaziyeni ngakunye okuhlukanisiwe, iqembu lobudala, ubulili, kanye nokuhluka kwe-stratification komndeni okufanelekile (uhlobo lodonga, uhlobo lophahla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ITS, noma iqembu lobudala) kufakwe njengemiphumela engaguquki. Umndeni ufakwe njengomphumela ongahleliwe wokulandisa ngokuhlanganisa. Okubalulekile, okuguquguqukayo kwe-stratification ngokwako akuzange kufakwe njengama-covariate ekuhlaziyweni kwabo okuhleliwe.
Ezixukwini zomiyane abasendlini, amamodeli angalungiswanga angemihle we-binomial regression asetshenziswe kuphela enanini lansuku zonke lomiyane ababanjwa isicupho ngobusuku ngabunye ngenxa yenani elincane lomiyane ababanjwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Imizi yahlolelwa ukuthi ayinalo yini isifo sikamalaleveva esikhathini esifushane neside, imiphumela yabonisa imizi eyayihanjelwe, yenqaba ukuvakashelwa, yamukelwa ukuba ivakashelwe, ilahlekelwe ukuvakashelwa ngenxa yokufuduka nokuhamba ibanga elide, ukwenqaba kwabahlanganyeli ukuvakashelwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezilwa nomalaleveva, nomlando wokuvakasha. Imindeni yahlolwa ukuze kutholwe omiyane abasendlini kusetshenziswa ama-CDC light trap, kube nemiphumela ebonisa imizi evakashelwe, enqaba ukuvakashelwa, eyamukela ukuvakashelwa, elahlekile ngenxa yokuthutha, noma ebingekho phakathi naso sonke isikhathi socwaningo. ITS yafakwa ezindlini zokulawula.
Esifundeni saseChalinze, akukho mehluko omkhulu otholakele emazingeni okungenwa umalaleveva noma omiyane abasendlini phakathi kwemizi enohlelo lokuhlola ngomuthi obulala izinambuzane (ITS) kanye nalabo abangenawo. Lokhu kungase kubangelwe umklamo wocwaningo, izakhiwo zokubulala izinambuzane nezinsalela zokungenelela, kanye nenani eliphezulu labahlanganyeli abaphume ocwaningweni. Nakuba umehluko wawungabalulekile, amazinga aphansi okuhlaselwa yizilokazane atholakala ezingeni lasekhaya phakathi nenkathi yemvula ende, eyayibonakala kakhulu ezinganeni ezifunda isikole. Izinga lomiyane abangaphakathi endlini i-Anopheles nalo lehlile, okusikisela isidingo sokucwaninga okwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, idizayini yocwaningo engahleliwe ehlanganiswe nokuzibandakanya komphakathi okusebenzayo kanye nokuxhumana kuyanconywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa kwabahlanganyeli kulo lonke ucwaningo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-19-2025