Izibungu zezinambuzane zezolimo zibhekwa njengenye yamaqembu ezinto eziphilayo okunzima ukuzilawula emhlabeni. Phakathi kwazo, izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu izibungu zezinambuzane ikakhulukazi izibungu zezinambuzane kanye nezibungu zenyongo, ezinekhono elinamandla lokubhubhisa izitshalo zomnotho njengezihlahla zezithelo, imifino, nezimbali. Inani kanye nokuthengiswa kwe-acaricides yezolimo esetshenziselwa ukulawula izibungu zezitshalo kungokwesibili kuphela ngemva kweLepidoptera kanye neHomoptera phakathi kwezibulala-zinambuzane zezolimo kanye ne-acaricides. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa njalo kwe-acaricides kanye nokusetshenziswa okungafanele kwezinto zokwenziwa Isizathu ukuthi amazinga ahlukene okumelana abonisiwe, futhi sekuseduze ukuthuthukisa ama-acaricides amasha asebenza kahle kakhulu anezakhiwo ezintsha kanye nezindlela ezihlukile zokusebenza.
Lesi sihloko sizokwethula uhlobo olusha lwe-benzoylacetonitrile acaricide – i-fenflunomide. Lo mkhiqizo wasungulwa yi-Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. yaseJapan futhi wethulwa okokuqala ngo-2017. Usetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula izimbuzane ezibulala izinambuzane ezitshalweni ezifana nezihlahla zezithelo, imifino kanye nezihlahla zetiye, ikakhulukazi izimbuzane ezibulala izinambuzane eziye zakhula ukumelana namagciwane.
Imvelo eyisisekelo
Igama elivamile lesiNgisi: Cyflumetofen; Inombolo ye-CAS: 400882-07-7; Ifomula yama-molecule: C24H24F3NO4; Isisindo sama-molecule: 447.4; Igama lekhemikhali: 2-methoxyethyl-(R,S)-2-(4-tert. Butylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-oxo-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-o-tolyl); ifomula yesakhiwo injengoba iboniswe ngezansi.
I-Butflufenafen iyi-acaricide ebulala isisu engenazo izakhiwo zomzimba, futhi indlela yayo eyinhloko yokusebenza ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kwe-mitochondrial kwezibungu. Ngokususa i-esterification emzimbeni, kwakheka isakhiwo se-hydroxyl, esiphazamisa futhi sivimbele i-mitochondrial protein complex II, sivimbele ukudluliselwa kwe-electron (hydrogen), sibhubhise ukusabela kwe-phosphorylation, futhi sibangele ukukhubazeka nokufa kwezibungu.
Izici zesenzo se-cyflumetofen
(1) Umsebenzi omningi kanye nomthamo ophansi. Kusetshenziswa amagremu ayishumi nambili kuphela nge-mu yomhlaba, aqukethe i-carbon ephansi, aphephile futhi anobungani nemvelo;
(2) Ububanzi obubanzi. Isebenza kahle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezibungu ezidla izinambuzane;
(3) Ikhetha kakhulu. Inomphumela othize wokubulala kuphela ezibungwini eziyingozi, futhi ayinawo umthelela omubi ezintweni eziphilayo ezingezona ezihlosiwe kanye nezibungwini ezidla ezinye izilwane;
(4) Ukuphelela. Ingasetshenziswa ezitshalweni zangaphandle nezivikelwe zezitshalo ukulawula izibungu ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula kwamaqanda, izibungu, ama-nymph kanye nabantu abadala, futhi ingasetshenziswa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula izinto eziphilayo;
(5) Kokubili imiphumela esheshayo nehlala njalo. Kungakapheli amahora ama-4, izimbuzane eziyingozi zizoyeka ukudla, futhi izimbuzane zizokhubazeka zingakapheli amahora ayi-12, futhi umphumela osheshayo muhle; futhi unomphumela ohlala isikhathi eside, futhi ukufakwa okukodwa kungalawula isikhathi eside;
(6) Akulula ukuba nokumelana nemithi. Inendlela ehlukile yokusebenza, ayinawo ukumelana nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ekhona, futhi akulula ukuthi izibungu zibe nokumelana nayo;
(7) Iguqulwa ngokushesha futhi ibole enhlabathini nasemanzini, okuphephile ezitshalweni nasezintweni eziphilayo ezingahlosiwe njengezilwane ezincelisayo nezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, izinto eziphilayo ezizuzisayo, kanye nezitha zemvelo. Iyithuluzi elihle lokulawula ukumelana.
Izimakethe Zomhlaba Wonke Nokubhaliswa
Ngo-2007, i-fenflufen yabhaliswa okokuqala futhi yathengiswa eJapane. Manje i-bufenflunom ibhalisiwe futhi ithengiswa eJapane, eBrazil, e-United States, eShayina, eNingizimu Korea, e-European Union nakwamanye amazwe. Ukuthengisa kutholakala kakhulu eBrazil, e-United States, eJapane, njll., okwenza cishe u-70% wokuthengisa emhlabeni wonke; ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko ukulawula izibungu ezihlahleni zezithelo ezifana ne-citrus nama-apula, okwenza ngaphezu kuka-80% wokuthengisa emhlabeni wonke.
I-EU: Ibhalwe ku-EU Annex 1 ngo-2010 futhi yabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2013, isebenza kuze kube ngumhla zingama-31 kuNhlaba 2023.
I-United States: Ibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ne-EPA ngo-2014, futhi yavunywa yiCalifornia ngo-2015. Kwamanethi ezihlahla (izigaba zezitshalo 14-12), amapheya (izigaba zezitshalo 11-10), ama-citrus (izigaba zezitshalo 10-10), amagilebhisi, ama-strawberry, utamatisi kanye nezitshalo zezwe.
I-Canada: Yavunyelwa ukubhaliswa yi-Health Canada's Pest Management Agency (PMRA) ngo-2014.
IBrazil: Yaqinisekiswa ngo-2013. Ngokusho kombuzo wewebhusayithi, kuze kube manje, ikakhulukazi umthamo owodwa we-200g/L SC, osetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-citrus ukulawula izimbuzane ezimfushane ezinsomi, ama-apula ukulawula izimbuzane zesicabucabu zama-apula, kanye nekhofi ukulawula izimbuzane ezimfushane ezinsomi ezibomvu, izimbuzane ezincane zezinzipho, njll.
IShayina: Ngokusho kwe-China Pesticide Information Network, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokubhaliswa kwe-fenflufenac eShayina. Enye ingumthamo owodwa we-200g/L SC, ophethwe yi-FMC. mites. Enye ukubhaliswa kobuchwepheshe okuphethwe yi-Japan Ouite Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
E-Australia: NgoDisemba 2021, i-Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines Administration (APVMA) yamemezela ukuvunywa nokubhaliswa kokumiswa kwe-buflufenacil okungu-200 g/L kusukela ngoDisemba 14, 2021 kuya kuJanuwari 11, 2022. Ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinhlobo ezahlukene zezibungu e-pome, i-almond, i-citrus, amagilebhisi, izithelo nemifino, i-strawberry nezitshalo zokuhlobisa, futhi ingasetshenziswa nasekusetshenzisweni kokuvikela kuma-strawberry, utamatisi nezitshalo zokuhlobisa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-10-2022