I-Hainan, njengesifundazwe sokuqala e-China ukuvula imakethe yezinto zezolimo, isifundazwe sokuqala ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-wholesale franchise yezibulala-zinambuzane, isifundazwe sokuqala ukusebenzisa ukulebula komkhiqizo kanye nokubhala ikhodi yezibulala-zinambuzane, umkhuba omusha wezinguquko zenqubomgomo yokulawulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, bekulokhu kubhekwe imboni yezokulima kazwelonke, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka okukhulu kwamabhizinisi emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane eHainan.
Ngomhla zingama-25 kuNdasa, 2024, ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlinzeko ezifanele zeMithethonqubo Yokuncintisana Okufanelekile kwe-Hainan Free Trade Port kanye Nezinhlinzeko Zokulawulwa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan Special Economic Zone, eqale ukusebenza ngo-Okthoba 1, 2023, uHulumeni Wabantu WaseSifundazweni Sase-Hainan wanquma ukuhoxisa Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan kanye Nokuhoxiswa Kwezinto Ezibulalayo I-Special Economic Zone.
Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi ukuphathwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan kuzothatha igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili, imakethe izophinde ixegiswe, futhi isimo sokudla kwabantu abayisi-8 (ngaphambi komhla lu-1 kuMfumfu wezi-2023, kunamabhizinisi angu-8 athengisa izibulala-zinambuzane, amabhizinisi ayi-1,638 adayisa izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezivinjelwe ezingama-298) esifundazweni sase-Hai kuzophulwa ngokusemthethweni. Iguquke yaba iphethini entsha yokubusa, ibe ivolumu entsha: amashaneli evolumu, amanani entengo, izinsizakalo zevolumu.
2023 "imithetho emisha" isetshenzisiwe
Ngaphambi kokuhoxiswa Kwezinyathelo Zokulawulwa Kokusebenza Kwezibulala-zinambuzane Ezitolo Ezidayisa Impahla Ewumsebenzi Esitolo Eyisipesheli sase-Hainan, Izinhlinzeko Zokuphathwa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane endaweni Ekhethekile Yomnotho yase-Hainan (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi “Izinhlinzeko”) zisetshenziswe ngo-Okthoba 1, 2023.
“Ayisahlukanisi phakathi kwemisebenzi yokuthengisa izibulala-zinambuzane, yehlisa intengo yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, futhi ngokufanayo ayisakwazi ukunquma amabhizinisi athengisa izibulala-zinambuzane ngokubhida, yehlise izindleko zokulawulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, futhi iqalise uhlelo lokuphatha oluhambisana nelayisense likazwelonke lokuphatha izibulala-zinambuzane…”
Lokhu kulethe izindaba ezinhle kakhulu kuwo wonke umphakathi wezolimo, ngakho lo mbhalo uye waqashelwa futhi wanconywa iningi labasebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane. Ngoba lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla emakethe angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zamayuan ekusebenzeni kwemakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan azoxegiswa, azoletha umjikelezo omusha wezinguquko ezinkulu namathuba.
"Izinhlinzeko eziningana" kusukela kunguqulo ye-2017 ye-60 ehlelelwe ku-26, ithatha uhlobo lomthetho "wokusika okuncane, umoya omfishane osheshayo", ukuhambisana nezinkinga ezibhekiswe ezinkingeni, zokukhiqiza, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa, ukuphathwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ohlelweni lwezinkinga ezivelele, izichibiyelo ezihlosiwe.
Phakathi kwazo, okunye okugqamile okukhulu ukuhoxiswa kohlelo lwe-franchise ye-pesticide wholesale.
Ngakho-ke, yikuphi okuqukethwe okuyinhloko nokugqamayo “kwemithetho emisha” esetshenziswe cishe isigamu sonyaka, sizoyilungisa futhi siyibuyekeze, ukuze senze abakhiqizi nabasebenza ngezibulala-zinambuzane bendawo emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan babe nokuqonda okucacile nokuqashelwa kwemithetho emisha, baqondise kangcono futhi balungise ukwakheka kwabo kanye namasu ebhizinisi, futhi babambe amanye amathuba amasha ngaphansi koshintsho lwesikhathi.
Uhlelo lwe-franchise yokuthengisa izibulala-zinambuzane lwaqedwa ngokusemthethweni
“Izinhlinzeko Eziningana” zilinganisa imithetho yokuncintisana engenzeleli yamachweba okuhweba mahhala, ukushintsha uhlelo lwangempela lokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane, ukulawula ukuziphatha kwebhizinisi okungekho emthethweni okuvela emthonjeni, nokuqinisekisa ukubamba iqhaza okulungile kwabadlali bemakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane emqhudelwaneni.
Esokuqala ukukhansela uhlelo lwe-wholesale franchise yezibulala-zinambuzane, akusahlukanisi phakathi kokuthengiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nokunciphisa intengo yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi athengisa izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nabathengisi bezibulala-zinambuzane abasanqunywa ngokubhida, ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokusebenza kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Okwesibili ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuphatha oluxhumene nelayisensi kazwelonke yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane, futhi abaqhubi bezibulala-zinambuzane abaqeqeshiwe bangafaka isicelo ngokuqondile eminyangweni enekhono yezolimo neyasemaphandleni yohulumeni babantu basemadolobheni, izifunda kanye nezifunda ezizimele lapho imisebenzi yabo itholakala khona ukuze uthole amalayisensi ebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane.
Eqinisweni, kusukela ngo-1997, iSifundazwe saseHainan saba ngesokuqala ezweni ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokugunyazwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nokuvula imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane, kwathi ngo-2005, kwakhishwa “Imithetho Eminingi Yokulawulwa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane E-Hainan Special Economic Zone,” eyalungisa lolu shintsho ngendlela yemithethonqubo.
NgoJulayi 2010, iNgqungquthela Yabantu Yesifundazwe sase-Hainan yamemezela “Imithetho Eminingi Emayelana Nokuphathwa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan Special Economic Zone” esanda kubuyekezwa, esungula uhlelo lwe-wholesale franchise yezibulala-zinambuzane esifundazweni sase-Hainan. Ngo-April 2011, uhulumeni weSifundazwe sase-Hainan wakhipha “Izinyathelo Zokuphathwa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane Ezithengisa Izimpahla Nezokuthengisa Ilayisensi Yebhizinisi EsiFundazweni sase-Hainan”, ezibeka ukuthi ngo-2013, kuzoba namabhizinisi angu-2-3 kuphela athengisa izibulala-zinambuzane esifundazweni sase-Hainan, ngalinye linenhlokodolobha ebhalisiwe engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100 zamayuan; Isifundazwe sinezikhungo zokusabalalisa zesifunda zedolobha nezifunda eziyi-18; Kukhona amabhizinisi okudayisa angaba ngu-205, ngokomgomo woku-1 elokishini ngalinye, anemali ebhalisiwe engekho ngaphansi kwe-yuan eyisigidi, futhi amadolobha nezifunda zingenza izinguquko ezifanele ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela sokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, ukuhlelwa kwamapulazi kahulumeni kanye nezimo zomgwaqo. Ngo-2012, i-Hainan yakhipha iqoqo lokuqala lamalayisensi okudayisa izibulala-zinambuzane, okubonisa inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekuguqulweni kohlelo lokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan, futhi kusho ukuthi abakhiqizi bangathengisa kuphela imikhiqizo yezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan ngokusebenzisana nabadayisi bezitolo abamenywe ukufaka amathenda nguhulumeni.
"Izinhlinzeko Eziningana" zithuthukisa indlela yokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane, zikhansele uhlelo lwe-franchise ye-pesticide wholesale, azisahlukanisi phakathi kwe-wholesale nezitolo, zehlise intengo yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, futhi ngokuhambisanayo azisanquma indlela yamabhizinisi athengisa izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nabaqhubi bezitolo ezidayisa izibulala-zinambuzane ngokubhida, ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane. Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lukazwelonke lokulawulwa kwelayisensi yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane, abaqhubi bezibulala-zinambuzane abaqeqeshiwe bangasebenza ngokuqondile kuhulumeni wedolobha, wesifunda, wesifunda esizimele ophethe ezolimo neziphathimandla zasemakhaya ukuze uthole ilayisense yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane.
Abasebenzi behhovisi elifanele loMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya EsiFundazweni saseHainan bathe: Lokhu kusho ukuthi umgomo wezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan uzohambisana nezinga likazwelonke, awusekho umehluko phakathi kwe-wholesale neyokuthengisa, futhi asikho isidingo sokufaka ilebula; Ukuqedwa kwe-wholesale franchise uhlelo lwezibulala-zinambuzane kusho ukuthi imikhiqizo yezibulala-zinambuzane ikhululekile kakhulu ukungena esiqhingini, inqobo nje uma imikhiqizo ihambisana futhi inqubo ihambisana, asikho isidingo sokurekhoda nokugunyaza isiqhingi.
Ngomhla zingama-25 kuNdasa, uHulumeni Wabantu WaseSifundazweni sase-Hainan wanquma ukuqeda “i-Hainan Special Economic Zone Pesticide Measures Management Measures yelayisensi yebhizinisi” (Qiongfu [2017] No. 25), okusho ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, amabhizinisi asezindaweni ezinkulu angakwazi ukusebenzisana ngokusemthethweni namabhizinisi esiqhingini, futhi abakhiqizi bazoba nemithethonqubo enkulu yokubulala izibulala-zinambuzane.
Ngokwemithombo yezimboni, ngemuva kokukhanselwa ngokusemthethweni kohlelo lwe-franchise ye-pesticide wholesale, kuzoba namabhizinisi amaningi angena e-Hainan, amanani omkhiqizo ahambisanayo azokwehliswa, futhi ukukhetha okwengeziwe kuzoba kuhle kubalimi bezithelo nemifino base-Hainan.
Ama-Biopesticides ayathembisa
Isigaba sesi-4 seZinhlinzeko sithi ohulumeni babantu ezingeni lesifunda noma ngaphezulu, ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko ezifanele, banikeze inkuthazo kanye noxhaso kulabo abasebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane eziphephile nezisebenzayo, noma basebenzise ubuchwepheshe bebhayoloji, obungokwenyama nobunye ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo nezinambuzane. Khuthaza abakhiqizi nabasebenzi bezibulala-zinambuzane, izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi yezolimo, amakolishi ochwepheshe namanyuvesi, izinhlangano zesevisi ezikhethekile zezifo nokulawula izinambuzane, izinhlangano zezolimo nezobuchwephesha nezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi ukuze zinikeze ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe, isiqondiso kanye nezinsizakalo kubasebenzisi bezibulala-zinambuzane.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-biopesticides ayathembisa emakethe yaseHainan.
Njengamanje, ama-biopesticides asetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zemali ezimelelwe izithelo nemifino, kanti i-Hainan iyisifundazwe esikhulu esinemithombo ecebile yezithelo nemifino e-China.
Ngokusho kwe-Statistics Bulletin ye-National Economic and Social Development yesiFundazwe sase-Hainan ngo-2023, kusukela ngo-2022, indawo yokuvuna yemifino (kuhlanganise namakhabe emifino) esifundazweni sase-Hainan izoba yizigidi ezingu-4.017 mu, futhi umphumela uzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-6.0543; Indawo yokuvuna izithelo yayingu-3.2630 million mu, kanti umphumela wawungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.6347.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukulimala kwezimbungulu ezingazweli, njengama-thrips, ama-aphid, izinambuzane ze-scale kanye ne-whitefly, kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka, futhi isimo sokulawula sibucayi. Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo eziluhlaza, i-Hainan ibisebenzisa umqondo “wokuvimbela nokulawula okuluhlaza”. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-biopesticides kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali ezinobuthi obuphakeme nezinobuthi obuphansi, i-Hainan ihlanganise izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula izifo ezingokomzimba nobuchwepheshe bokulawula izinambuzane, ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela izifo ezibangelwa yizitshalo, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ama-biopesticide kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane obusebenza kahle kakhulu nobunobuthi obuphansi. Ingandisa ngempumelelo isikhathi sokuvimbela nokulawula futhi inciphise imvamisa yokufakwa kwesicelo, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokunciphisa inani lezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yezitshalo.
Isibonelo, ekulawuleni i-cowpea resistance thrips, umnyango we-Hainan pesticide uncoma ukuthi abalimi basebenzise izikhathi eziyi-1000 kune-liquid Metaria anisopliae kanye no-5.7% we-Metaria kasawoti izikhathi ezingu-2000 uketshezi, ngaphezu kwesibulala-zinambuzane nokwandisa i-ovicide, ukulawulwa kweqanda, omdala kanye namaqanda ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuze konga isikhathi sokulawula ukusetshenziswa.
Kungabikezelwa ukuthi ama-biopesticides anokukhuthaza okubanzi kanye namathemba okusetshenziswa emakethe yezithelo nemifino yaseHainan.
Ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingavunyelwe kuzogadwa kakhulu
Ngenxa yezinkinga zesifunda, imingcele yezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan ibilokhu iqinile kunaleyo esezweni elikhulu. NgoMashi 4, 2021, uMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya Wesifundazwe sase-Hainan ukhiphe “Uhlu Lokukhiqiza Okunqatshelwe, Ezokuthutha, Isitoreji, Ukuthengisa Nokusetshenziswa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane E-Hainan Special Economic Zone” (inguqulo ebuyekeziwe ngo-2021). Lesi simemezelo sabala izibulala-zinambuzane ezingavunyelwe ezingama-73, okuyisikhombisa ngaphezu kohlu lwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingavunyelwe olwakhiwe uMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthengiswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-fenvalerate, i-butyryl hydrazine (bijo), i-chlorpyrifos, i-triazophos, i-flufenamide ivinjelwe ngokuphelele.
I-athikili yesi-3 yeZinhlinzeko ibeka ukuthi ukukhiqizwa, ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa, ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane eziqukethe izithako ezinobuthi obunamandla akuvunyelwe e-Hainan Special Economic Zone. Lapho kudingekile ngempela ukukhiqiza noma ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi obuphezulu noma izithako ezinobuthi kakhulu ngenxa yezidingo ezikhethekile, imvume iyotholwa emnyangweni onekhono wezolimo kanye nezindaba zasemakhaya kahulumeni wabantu besifundazwe; lapho imvume izotholakala emnyangweni onekhono wezolimo kanye nezindaba zasemakhaya woMkhandlu Kazwelonke ngokomthetho, izinhlinzeko zakhona zizolandelwa. Umnyango onekhono wezolimo kanye nezindaba zasemakhaya kahulumeni wesifundazwe uzoshicilela emphakathini futhi uprinte futhi usabalalise ikhathalogi yezinhlobo zezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa lapho ukukhiqizwa, ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kugqugquzelwa, kuvinjelwe futhi kuvinjelwe uMbuso kanye nezindawo ezikhethekile zezomnotho, futhi uyithumele ezindaweni ezisebenza kuzo izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezindawo zehhovisi labantu (izindawo zeKomidi lezindawo zokuhlala). Okusho ukuthi, kule ngxenye yohlu lokusetshenziswa okunqatshelwe, lusangaphansi kwe-Hainan Special Zone.
Ayikho inkululeko ephelele, uhlelo lwe-inthanethi lokuthenga izibulala-zinambuzane luzwakala kakhulu
Ukuqedwa kohlelo lwe-franchise yezibulala-zinambuzane kusho ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nokuphathwa kwesiqhingi kumahhala, kodwa inkululeko akuyona inkululeko ephelele.
I-athikili yesi-8 "Yezinhlinzeko Eziningana" ithuthukisa futhi uhlelo lokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ukuze livumelane nesimo esisha, amafomethi amasha kanye nezidingo ezintsha emkhakheni wokusatshalaliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Okokuqala, ukuqaliswa kwencwadi ye-elekthronikhi, abakhiqizi bezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nabaqhubi kufanele basungule incwadi ye-elekthronikhi ngokusebenzisa inkundla yokulawula ulwazi lwezibulala-zinambuzane, irekhodi eliphelele neliyiqiniso lokuthengwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nolwazi lokuthengisa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umthombo nendawo yezibulala-zinambuzane zingalandelelwa. Okwesibili ukusungula nokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuthenga nokudayiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ku-inthanethi, futhi kucace ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ku-inthanethi kufanele kuhambisane nezinhlinzeko ezifanele zokulawulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Okwesithathu ukucacisa umnyango wokubuyekeza wokukhangisa ngezibulala-zinambuzane, obeka ukuthi ukukhangisa ngezibulala-zinambuzane kufanele kubuyekezwe yiziphathimandla zezolimo nezasemaphandleni zikamasipala, isifunda kanye nesifunda esizimele ngaphambi kokukhululwa, futhi ngeke zikhishwe ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa.
I-e-commerce ye-pesticide ivula iphethini entsha
Ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwe-“Izinhlinzeko Ezithile”, yonke imikhiqizo yezibulala-zinambuzane engena e-Hainan ayikwazi ukuba ibhizinisi lezitolo ezinkulu, futhi i-e-commerce yezibulala-zinambuzane ayikwazi ukushiwo.
Kodwa-ke, i-Article 10 "Yezinhlinzeko Eziningana" ikhomba ukuthi labo abenza imisebenzi yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane nge-inthanethi namanye amanethiwekhi olwazi kufanele bathole amalayisense ebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane ngokuhambisana nomthetho, futhi baqhubeke nokukhangisa ngamalayisense abo ebhizinisi, amalayisensi ebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane nolunye ulwazi lwangempela oluhlobene nokusebenza kwebhizinisi endaweni evelele ekhasini eliyisiqalo lewebhusayithi yabo noma ikhasi eliyinhloko lemisebenzi yabo yebhizinisi. Kufanele ibuyekezwe ngesikhathi.
Lokhu kusho nokuthi i-e-commerce ye-pesticide, eyayivinjelwe ngokuqinile, ivule isimo futhi ingangena emakethe yaseHainan ngemva kuka-Okthoba 1, 2023. Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi "Izinhlinzeko Eziningana" zidinga ukuthi amayunithi kanye nabantu abathenga izibulala-zinambuzane nge-intanethi kufanele banikeze ulwazi lokuthenga lweqiniso nolusebenzayo. Kepha akunandaba, ngoba njengamanje, zombili izinhlangothi zokuthengiselana kwenkundla ye-e-commerce efanele ukubhaliswa kwamagama wangempela noma ukubhaliswa.
Abahlinzeki bezoLimo kufanele benze umsebenzi omuhle ekuguqulweni kwezobuchwepheshe
Ngemva kokuqaliswa kokuthi “Izinhlinzeko Ezithile” ngo-Okthoba 1, 2023, kusho ukuthi imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan yenze uhlelo lokuphatha oluxhunywe nelayisensi kazwelonke yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane, okungukuthi, imakethe ebumbene. Ngokuhambisana nokuhoxiswa okusemthethweni kwe-“Hainan Special Economic Zone Pesticide and Retail Business License Management Measures”, kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwemakethe enkulu ebumbene, intengo yezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan izonqunywa kakhulu yimakethe.
Ngokungangabazeki, ngokulandelayo, ngokuthuthuka koshintsho, ukuguqulwa kabusha kwemakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane e-Hainan kuzoqhubeka nokusheshisa futhi kuwele kumthamo wangaphakathi: iziteshi zevolumu, amanani entengo, izinsizakalo zevolumu.
Abangaphakathi embonini bathi ngemva kokuphulwa kwephethini ye-monopoly "yabo bonke abantu abangu-8", isibalo sabadayisi bezibulala-zinambuzane nezitolo ezitolo e-Hainan sizokhula kancane kancane, imithombo yokuthenga izohluka ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, futhi izindleko zokuthenga zizokwehla ngokufanele; Inani lemikhiqizo kanye nokucaciswa kwemikhiqizo nalo lizokhula kakhulu, futhi indawo ekhethwayo yabathengisi bezitolo abancane nabamaphakathi, abathengisi, nabalimi ukuthenga imikhiqizo yezibulala-zinambuzane izokhuphuka, futhi izindleko zemithi kubalimi zizokwehla ngokufanele. Ukuncintisana kwama-ejenti kuyaqina, kubhekane nokuqedwa noma ukuhlela kabusha; Amashaneli okuthengisa ezolimo azoba mafishane, abakhiqizi bangafinyelela ngqo esikhumulweni sezindiza/abalimi ngaphezu komdayisi; Yiqiniso, ukuncintisana kwemakethe kuzoqhutshelwa phambili, impi yamanani izoba namandla kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi kubasabalalisi nabathengisi e-Hainan, ukuncintisana okuyinhloko kufanele kusuke kuzinsiza zomkhiqizo kuye ekuqondisweni kwezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe, kusukela ekuthengiseni imikhiqizo esitolo ukuya ekuthengiseni ubuchwepheshe nezinsizakalo emkhakheni, futhi kuwumkhuba ongenakugwenywa ukuguquka ube umhlinzeki wesevisi yezobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-22-2024