Ezolimo ziyinsiza ebaluleke kakhulu ezimakethe zomhlaba, futhi izinhlelo zemvelo zibhekana nezinselelo eziningi. Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali emhlabeni wonke kuyakhula futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile esivunweni sezitshalo1. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo ezitshalwe ngale ndlela azinaso isikhathi esanele sokukhula nokuvuthwa kahle ngakho-ke azitholi izimfanelo zezitshalo ezinhle kakhulu2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi eziyingozi kakhulu zinganqwabelana emzimbeni womuntu nasenhlabathini3. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo sokuthuthukisa izixazululo ezivumelana nemvelo nezisimeme ukuze kuncishiswe isidingo sikamanyolo wamakhemikhali. Ama-microorganisms azuzisayo angaba umthombo obalulekile wezinhlanganisela zemvelo ezisebenzayo4.
Imiphakathi ye-Endophytic emaqabunga iyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezisingathwayo noma i-genotype, isigaba sokukhula kwezitshalo, kanye nokumila kwezitshalo. 13 Ucwaningo oluningana lubike ukuthi i-Azospirillum, i-Bacillus, i-Azotobacter, i-Pseudomonas, ne-Enterobacter inamandlakhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo. 14 Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Bacillus ne-Azospirillum iwuhlobo lwe-PGPB olucwaningwe kakhulu mayelana nokuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nesivuno. 15 Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ukufakwa ndawonye kwe-Azospirillum brasiliensis kanye ne-Bradyrhizobium ku-legume kungathuthukisa isivuno sommbila, ukolweni, ubhontshisi wesoya, nobhontshisi wezinso. 16, 17 Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukujova kwe-Salicornia nge-Bacillus licheniformis namanye ama-PGPBs synergistically kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokuthatha izakhi. 18 I-Azospirillum brasiliensis Sp7 kanye ne-Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 zithuthukisa ukukhula kwezimpande zikabhanana omnandi. Ngokufanayo, imbewu yefennel inzima ukukhula ngenxa yokungakhuli kahle kwezitshalo kanye nokuhluma okuncane, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi yesomiso20. Ukwelashwa kwembewu nge-Pseudomonas fluorescens kanye ne-Trichoderma harzianum kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezithombo zefennel ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi yesomiso21. Ku-stevia, kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo ukuze kuhlolwe imiphumela yesikhunta se-mycorrhizal kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo ezikhuthaza i-rhizobacteria (PGPR) emandleni omzimba ukukhula, ukuqongelela ama-metabolites esibili, kanye nokuveza izakhi zofuzo ezibandakanyeka ku-biosynthesis. Ngokuka-Rahi et al.22, ukujovwa kwezitshalo ezinama-PGPR ahlukene kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwazo, inkomba ye-photosynthetic, kanye nokunqwabelana kwe-stevioside ne-stevioside A. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukujova kwe-stevia nge-rhizobia ekhuthaza ukukhula kwesitshalo kanye nesikhunta se-mycorrhizal esikhuthaza ukuphakama kwesitshalo, i-stevio-3 ye-pigrevide et al.24 ibike ukuthi i-endophyte ecasulayo i-Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 ne-H5A2 yandisa okuqukethwe kwe-SG, yavuselela ukuminyana kwe-trichome emaqabunga, futhi yakhuthaza ukuqoqwa kwama-metabolite athile kuma-trichomes, kodwa awazange akhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo;
I-GA3 ingelinye lamaprotheni abaluleke kakhulu futhi asebenza ngokwebhayoloji afana ne-gibberellin31. Ukwelashwa kwangaphandle kwe-stevia nge-GA3 kungakhuphula ubude besiqu nokuqhakaza32. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, olunye ucwaningo luye lwabika ukuthi i-GA3 iyisiduli esikhuthaza izitshalo ukuthi zikhiqize ama-metabolites esibili njengama-antioxidants nama-pigments, futhi iyindlela yokuzivikela33.
Ubudlelwano be-Phylogenetic be-isolate maqondana nezinye izinhlobo zohlobo. Izinombolo zokungena ze-GenBank zinikezwe kubakaki.
Imisebenzi ye-Amylase, i-cellulase kanye ne-protease iboniswa njengamabhande acacile azungeze amakholoni, kuyilapho imvula emhlophe ezungeze amakoloni ibonisa umsebenzi we-lipase. Njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 2, B. paramycoides SrAM4 ingakhiqiza wonke ama-hydrolase, kuyilapho i-B. paralicheniformis SrMA3 ingakhiqiza wonke ama-enzyme ngaphandle kwe-cellulase, futhi i-B. licheniformis SrAM2 ikhiqiza i-cellulase kuphela.
Izakhi eziningana ezibalulekile ze-microbial ziye zahlotshaniswa nokwanda kokuhlanganiswa kwe-metabolite yesibili ezitshalweni zokwelapha nezinephunga elimnandi74. Wonke ama-antioxidants enzymatic and non-enzymatic ayenyuka kakhulu ku-S. rebaudiana Shou-2 uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula. Umphumela omuhle we-PGPB ku-TPC elayisi wabuye wabikwa nguChamam et al.75; Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yethu ihambisana nemiphumela ye-TPC, TFC, kanye ne-DPPH e-S. rebaudiana, eyabalelwa esenzweni esihlanganisiwe se-Piriformospora indica ne-Azotobacter chroococcum76. I-TPC kanye ne-TFC77 zaziphakeme kakhulu ezitshalweni ze-basil eziphathwa ngama-microorganisms uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezingalashwanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwama-antioxidants kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: ama-enzyme e-hydrolytic ashukumisa izindlela zokuvikela izitshalo ngendlela efanayo nama-microorganisms we-pathogenic kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sivumelana nekoloniyali yebhaktheriya78. Okwesibili, i-PGPB ingase isebenze njengesiqalo sokungeniswa kwezinhlanganisela ze-bioactive ezakhiwe ngendlela ye-shikimate ezitshalweni eziphakeme kanye nama-microorganisms 79.
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi kwakukhona ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana phakathi kwenombolo yeqabunga, ukubonakaliswa kofuzo nokukhiqizwa kwe-SG lapho izinhlobo eziningi zijovwa ngokubambisana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukujova okuphindwe kabili kwakuphakeme kunokufakwa okukodwa mayelana nokukhula kwezitshalo nokukhiqiza.
Ama-enzyme e-Hydrolytic atholwe ngemva kokujova amagciwane ku-agar medium equkethe inkomba substrate kanye ne-incubation ku-28 °C izinsuku ezingu-2-5. Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa amagciwane ku-starch agar medium, umsebenzi we-amylase wanqunywa kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-iodine 100. Umsebenzi wamaselula wanqunywa kusetshenziswa i-reagent ebomvu yaseCongo engu-0.2% ngokwendlela ye-Kianngam et al. 101 . Umsebenzi we-protease ubonwe ngezindawo ezicacile ezizungeze amakoloni afakwe ku-skim milk agar medium njengoba kuchazwe u-Cui et al. 102 . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-lipase 100 itholwe ngemva kokujova ku-Tween agar medium.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-06-2025