Lolu cwaningo luhlole imiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-ABW emithathuisibulala-zinambuzaneizinhlelo zokulawula i-bluegrass yonyaka kanye nekhwalithi ye-fairway turfgrass, kokubili iyodwa futhi ihlanganiswe nokuhlukilepaclobutrazolizinhlelo kanye nokulawulwa kwe-bentgrass ezinwabuzelayo. Sacabanga ukuthi ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ze-threshold level ukulawula i-ABW ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzonciphisa ikhava yonyaka ye-bluegrass ku-creeping bentgrass fairways nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwanyanga zonke kwe-paclobutrazol kuzothuthukisa ukulawula.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwensimu emibili kwenziwa futhi kwaphindwa. I-Experiment 1 bekuwukuhlola kwenkambu yeminyaka emibili okwenziwa kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2019 kumasayithi amabili anomlando we-ABW. Lolu cwaningo luhlole izinhlelo ezintathu zokubulala izinambuzane, ukuphathwa kwe-bentgrass enwabuzelayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwanyanga zonke kwe-paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) ku-0.25 lb yesithako esisebenzayo ngehektare (16 fl oz umkhiqizo ngehektha ngalinye; 280 g ai ngehektha ngalinye) kusuka kumbewu yonyaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. . Gcoba ngaphambi kuka-Okthoba ukuze uthole ukulawula kwaminyaka yonke kwe-bluegrass.
Ucwaningo lwenziwa ngo-2017 nango-2018 enkundleni yegalofu elifanisiwe e-Loggershot 2 Farm (North Brunswick, NJ) enekhava ye-bluegrass elinganiselwa ku-85% ekuqaleni kokuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kwaphindwa ngo-2018 nango-2019 ezinkundleni zegalofu e-Forest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), lapho ikhava ebonakalayo yahlolwa ku-15% creeping bentgrass kanye no-10% kakolweni omnyama ongapheli (Lolium perenne L.). Ocwaningweni, u-75% ube ngu-Poa annua.
Ukwelashwa kokuhlwanyela kwakuhlanganisa ukutshala i-creeping bentgrass 007 ngenani eliyiphawundi elingu-1 lembewu ehlanzekile ehlanzekile ngamafidi-skwele ayi-1,000 (amakhilogremu angama-50 ngehektha ngalinye) ngemva kwesonto kuqalwe uhlelo lokuvimbela izibulala-zinambuzane (bona imininingwane yohlelo lwesibulala-zinambuzane ngezansi). Ukwelashwa kwaphindwa izikhathi ezine futhi kwahlelwa njenge-2 × 3 × 2 factorial endaweni engahleliwe ephelele eneziqephu zokuhlukaniswa. Imbewu njengesilinganiso esigcwele sesayithi, uhlelo lwesibulala-zinambuzane njenge-subplot, i-paclobutrazol njenge-subplot, 3 x 6 ft (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
Lolu hlelo lokuvimbela lwenzelwe ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-bluegrass okwenzeka minyaka yonke phakathi nesizini. Iqukethe isibulala-zinambuzane se-systemic cyantraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) esetshenziswa ngethamo elicishe libe ngu-200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza sekwephuzile se-dogwood (Cornus florida L.) ukuze kulawulwe izibungu ze-ABW zasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-indoxacarb (Provaunt) . yasetshenziswa cishe ku-350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) lapho i-Catawbiense Michx hybrid isezimbalini ukuze ilawule noma yiziphi izibungu zesizukulwane sasentwasahlobo esisaphila, futhi i-Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) yasetshenziswa ukulawula izibungu zesizukulwane sokuqala ehlobo.
Izinhlelo ze-Threshold zimisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ukuze zilawule i-ABW kuze kube yilapho izinga le-turf ezindaweni ezingalashwa lifinyelela umkhawulo wokuwohloka.
Ukuze kunqunywe ngokuyikho ukwakheka kwezinhlobo ze-turfgrass, amagridi ayisikwele amabili angu-36 x 36 ku (91 x 91 cm) anamaphoyinti angu-100 okuhlangana ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo endaweni ngayinye. Khomba izinhlobo ezikhona ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo ngamunye phakathi kukaJuni no-Okthoba. Ikhava yaminyaka yonke ye-bluegrass yahlolwa ngokubukeka nyanga zonke ngesikhathi sokukhula kwaminyaka yonke ngesilinganiso esisuka ku-0% (ayikho ikhava) siye ku-100% (ikhava egcwele). Izinga lotshani botshani buhlolwa ngokubukeka esikalini esisuka ku-1 kuye ku-9, kanti u-6 uthathwa njengowamukelekile. Ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphumelela kohlelo lwe-ABW lwezinambuzane, ukuminyana kwezibungu kwahlolwa kusetshenziswa ukukhishwa kukasawoti ekuqaleni kukaJuni ngaphambi kokuba abantu abadala abasha baqale ukuvela.
Yonke idatha ibe ngaphansi kokuhlaziywa kokuhlukahluka kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-GLMMIX ku-SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute) enemiphumela engahleliwe ephindaphindwayo. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwahlaziywa kusetshenziswa idizayini ehlukanisayo, kwathi ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwahlaziywa kusetshenziswa umklamo wesiqephu se-factory 2 × 4 ongahleliwe. Lapho kudingekile, ukuhlolwa kwe-Fisher's Protected LSD kwasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izindlela (p=0.05). Amasayithi ahlaziywa ngokwehlukana ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenzisana namasayithi kwenzeke ngezinsuku ezihlukene nezici zesayithi ziyahlukahluka.
I-ABW inganciphisa ngokukhetha ikhava ye-bluegrass yonyaka ku-creeping bentgrass, kodwa kuphela uma umonakalo omkhulu ku-bluegrass wonyaka uvunyelwe. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, ikhwalithi ye-turf iyonke yehliswe okwesikhashana kuphela ukulimala kwe-ABW kuya kumazinga athathwa njengangamukelekile abanye abadlali begalofu. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi iningi (60-80%) le-turfgrass i-bluegrass yonyaka. Ukulimala kwe-bentgrass enwabuzelayo i-ABW ayizange ibonwe kusetshenziswa indlela ye-threshold. Sisola ukuthi ukuze uhlelo lwezinambuzane lwe-ABW olusekelwe embundwini lulawule ngempumelelo i-bluegrass yonyaka ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-PGR, sisola ukuthi ukumbozwa kwe-bluegrass kokuqala kuzodinga ukuba kube ngaphansi ukuze kuvunyelwe i-ABW ukuthi ibangele umonakalo omkhulu wonyaka ku-bluegrass ngaphandle kokuthinta ikhwalithi evamile utshani. Uma kuphela umonakalo omncane ovunyelwe ngaphambi kokufafazwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kwe-bluegrass yesikhathi eside ngeke kunganakwa.
Amasu okubulala izinambuzane e-Threshold asebenza kakhulu futhi asebenza kahle uma ehlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo. Sisebenzise i-paclobutrazol kulolu cwaningo, kodwa i-fluoropyrimidine ingase ikhiqize imiphumela efanayo. Uma uhlelo lwe-ABW olusekelwe embundwini lusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwepulani ye-PGR, ukucindezelwa kwe-bluegrass yonyaka kungase kungabi okufanayo noma okuphawulekayo ngoba i-bluegrass yonyaka ingalulama ngokushesha emonakalweni ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Isu elingcono kakhulu ukuqala ukusetshenziswa kwanyanga zonke kwe-paclobutrazol entwasahlobo ngemva kokuba amakhanda embewu eqhumile, vumela i-ABW yenze umonakalo kuze kube yilapho ingasakwazi ukubekezelelwa (abaphathi noma abanye), bese usebenzisa ama-larvicides kumithamo yelebula ephezulu ukulawula i-ABW. . Uhlelo oluhlanganisa lawa maqhinga amabili luhlinzeka ngokulawula okuphumelelayo konyaka kwe-bluegrass kunanoma yiliphi isu lodwa futhi luhlinzeka ngezinkundla zokudlala zekhwalithi ephezulu zabo bonke ngaphandle kweviki elilodwa kuya kwamabili enkathi yokukhula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-25-2024