Lolu cwaningo luhlole imiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-ABW ezintathuisibulala-zinambuzaneizinhlelo zokulawulwa kwe-bluegrass yaminyaka yonke kanye nekhwalithi ye-turfgrass yase-fairway, kokubili yodwa futhi ihlanganiswe nezinyei-paclobutrazolizinhlelo kanye nokulawulwa kwe-creeping bentgrass. Sacabanga ukuthi ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezingeni lomkhawulo ukulawula i-ABW ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzonciphisa ukumbozwa kwe-bluegrass minyaka yonke e-creeping bentgrass fairways nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-paclobutrazol njalo ngenyanga kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukulawula.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwenziwa izivivinyo ezimbili zasensimini futhi zaphindwa. Ukuhlolwa 1 kwakuwukuhlolwa kwasensimini kweminyaka emibili okwenziwe kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2019 ezindaweni ezimbili ezinomlando we-ABW. Lolu cwaningo luhlole izinhlelo ezintathu zokubulala izinambuzane, ukuphathwa kwe-creeping bentgrass, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) njalo ngenyanga ngesithako esisebenzayo esingu-0.25 lb ngehektare (umkhiqizo ongu-16 fl oz ngehektare; 280 g ai ngehektare) kusuka embewini ye-bluegrass yonyaka. . Gaya ngaphambi kuka-Okthoba ukuze kulawulwe i-bluegrass yonyaka.
Ucwaningo lwenziwa ngo-2017 nango-2018 enkundleni yegalofu elilingisiwe eLoggershot 2 Farm (North Brunswick, NJ) ngesilinganiso sonyaka sotshani obuluhlaza obungu-85% ekuqaleni kokuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kwaphindwa ngo-2018 nango-2019 ezinkundleni zegalofu eForest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), lapho ukwakheka okubonakalayo kwahlolwa khona ku-15% we-creeping bentgrass kanye no-10% we-perennial black wheat (Lolium perenne L.). Kukuhlolwa, u-75% wawuyi-Poa annua.
Ukwelashwa kokuhlwanyela imbewu kwakuhilela ukutshala i-creeping bentgrass 007 ngesilinganiso se-1 pound yembewu ephilayo ehlanzekile ngamafidi skwele ayi-1,000 (amakhilogremu angu-50 ngehektha) ngesonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuqala kohlelo lokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane (bheka imininingwane yohlelo lokubulala izinambuzane ngezansi). Ukwelashwa kwaphindwa izikhathi ezine futhi kwahlelwa njenge-factorial engu-2 × 3 × 2 kubhulokhi ephelele engahleliwe enezindawo ezihlukanisiwe. Ukuhlwanyela njengesilinganiso sendawo egcwele, uhlelo lokubulala izinambuzane njenge-subplot, i-paclobutrazol njenge-subplot, 3 x 6 ft (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
Lolu hlelo lokuvimbela luklanyelwe ukuvimbela umonakalo ku-bluegrass owenzeka minyaka yonke phakathi nesizini. Luqukethe i-systemic inambuzane i-cyantraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) esetshenziswa ngesilinganiso esingaba ngu-200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-dogwood (Cornus florida L.) ukulawula izibungu ze-ABW eziqala entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-indoxacarb (Provaunt). lusetshenziswe cishe ku-350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) lapho i-Catawbiense Michx hybrid ikhula ukuze ilawule noma yiziphi izibungu zesizukulwane sentwasahlobo ezisindile, kanti i-Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) yasetshenziswa ukulawula izibungu zesizukulwane sokuqala ehlobo.
Izinhlelo zomngcele zimisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ukulawula i-ABW kuze kube yilapho ikhwalithi yotshani ezindaweni ezingalashwanga ifinyelela umkhawulo wokonakala
Ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile ukwakheka kwezinhlobo ze-turfgrass, kwabekwa ama-grid amabili esikwele angu-36 x 36 in (91 x 91 cm) anamaphuzu okuhlangana ayi-100 alinganayo endaweni ngayinye. Khomba izinhlobo ezikhona endaweni ngayinye yokuhlangana phakathi kukaJuni no-Okthoba. Ukuvalwa konyaka kwe-bluegrass kwahlolwa ngokubonakalayo njalo ngenyanga ngesikhathi sonyaka wokukhula waminyaka yonke esikalini kusukela ku-0% (akukho kuvala) kuya ku-100% (ukuvala okugcwele). Ikhwalithi yotshani botshani ihlolwa ngokubonakalayo esikalini esingu-1 kuya ku-9, kanti okungu-6 kubhekwe njengokwamukelekayo. Ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokubulala izinambuzane lwe-ABW, ubuningi bezibungu bahlolwa kusetshenziswa ukukhishwa kukasawoti ekuqaleni kukaJuni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele abantu abadala abasha.
Yonke idatha yahlaziywa ngokwehlukahluka kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-GLIMMIX ku-SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute) ngokuphindaphindwa kwemiphumela engahleliwe. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwahlaziywa kusetshenziswa ukwakheka kweploti ehlukanisiwe, kanti ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwahlaziywa kusetshenziswa ukwakheka kweploti ehlukanisiwe engu-2 × 4. Uma kudingeka, ukuhlolwa kwe-Fisher's Protected LSD kwasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izindlela (p=0.05). Izindawo zahlaziywa ngokwehlukana ngoba ukusebenzisana nezindawo kwenzeka ngezinsuku ezahlukene futhi izici zesayithi zahlukahluka.
I-ABW inganciphisa ngokukhethekile ukumbozwa kwe-bluegrass yonyaka ku-creeping bentgrass, kodwa kuphela uma kuvunyelwe umonakalo omkhulu ku-bluegrass yonyaka. Kulezi zivivinyo, ikhwalithi ye-turf iyonke yehliswe okwesikhashana kuphela ngomonakalo we-ABW emazingeni abhekwa njengangamukeleki kwabanye abadlali begalofu. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi iningi (60-80%) le-turfgrass liyi-bluegrass yonyaka. Umonakalo ku-creeping bentgrass I-ABW ayizange ibonwe kusetshenziswa indlela ye-threshold. Sisola ukuthi ukuze uhlelo lwe-ABW olusekelwe ku-threshold lulawule ngempumelelo i-bluegrass yonyaka ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-PGR, sisola ukuthi ukumbozwa kokuqala kwe-bluegrass yonyaka kuzodingeka kube phansi ukuze kuvunyelwe i-ABW ukuthi ibangele umonakalo omkhulu waminyaka yonke ku-bluegrass ngaphandle kokuthinta ikhwalithi ejwayelekile yengadi. Uma kuvunyelwe umonakalo omncane ngaphambi kokufuthwa kwe-insecticide, le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kwe-bluegrass yonyaka isikhathi eside ngeke kube yinto engabalulekile.
Amasu okubulala izinambuzane asebenza kakhulu futhi asebenza kahle uma ehlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukukhula kwezitshalo. Sisebenzise i-paclobutrazol kulolu cwaningo, kodwa i-fluoropyrimidine ingaveza imiphumela efanayo. Uma uhlelo lwe-ABW olusekelwe kumkhawulo lusetshenziswa ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-PGR, ukususwa kwe-bluegrass yonyaka kungase kungabi njalo noma kungabi yinto ebalulekile ngoba i-bluegrass yonyaka ingalulama ngokushesha emonakalweni ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Isu elihle kakhulu ukuqala ukusetshenziswa kwe-paclobutrazol njalo ngenyanga entwasahlobo ngemva kokuba izinhloko zembewu seziqhumile, vumela i-ABW yenze umonakalo kuze kube yilapho ingasakwazi ukubekezelelwa (abaphathi noma abanye), bese usebenzisa ama-larvicides ngemithamo ephezulu yelebula ukulawula i-ABW. Uhlelo oluhlanganisa lawa masu amabili lunikeza ukulawulwa kwe-bluegrass yonyaka okuphumelelayo kakhulu kunanoma yiliphi isu lodwa futhi lunikeza izinkundla zokudlala ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuzo zonke isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili lesizini yokukhula.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-25-2024