Izidalwa kusukela kumabhere amnyama kuya kuma-cuckoo zinikeza izixazululo zemvelo nezinobungani nemvelo zokulawula izinambuzane ezingafuneki.
Kudala ngaphambi kokuba kube namakhemikhali nezifutho, amakhandlela e-citronella kanye ne-DEET, imvelo yayihlinzeka ngezilwane ezidla ezinye kuzo zonke izidalwa ezicasula kakhulu isintu. Amalulwane adla izimpukane ezilumayo, amaxoxo omiyane, kanye nezigwinya ezinwabuzelayo.
Eqinisweni, amaxoxo namaxoxo angadla omiyane abaningi kangangokuthi ucwaningo lwango-2022 luthole ukwanda kwamacala kamalaleveva kubantu ezingxenyeni zaseMelika Ephakathi ngenxa yokuqubuka kwezifo zama-amphibian. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi amanye amalulwane angadla omiyane abafinyelela enkulungwaneni ngehora. (Thola ukuthi kungani amalulwane eyiziqhawe zemvelo zangempela.)
“Izinhlobo eziningi zilawulwa kahle yizitha zemvelo,” kusho uDouglas Tallamy, uSolwazi wezoLimo we-TA Baker eNyuvesi yaseDelaware.
Nakuba lezi zinhlobo ezidumile zokulawula izinambuzane zithola ukunakwa okukhulu, ezinye izilwane eziningi zichitha izinsuku nobusuku bazo zifuna futhi zidla izinambuzane zasehlobo, kwezinye izimo zithuthukisa amakhono akhethekile okushwabadela inyamazane yazo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezihlekisayo kakhulu.
UWinnie the Pooh angase athande uju, kodwa uma ibhere langempela limba isidleke sezinyosi, alifuni izibungu ezinamathelayo, ezinoshukela, kodwa ezithambile ezimhlophe.
Nakuba amabhere amnyama aseMelika asebenzisa amathuba edla cishe yonke into kusukela kudoti wabantu kuya emasimini kabhekilanga kanye nezinsikazi ngezikhathi ezithile, ngezinye izikhathi agxile ezinambuzaneni, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo zeminyovu ehlaselayo njengejakethi eliphuzi.
“Bazingela izibungu,” kusho uDavid Garshelis, usihlalo weqembu lochwepheshe bamabhere le-International Union for Conservation of Nature. “Ngibabonile bemba izidleke bese beyalunywa, njengathi,” bese beqhubeka nokudla. (Funda ukuthi amabhere amnyama alulama kanjani eNyakatho Melika.)
Kwezinye izindawo zaseNyakatho Melika, ngenkathi amabhere amnyama elinde ukuthi amajikijolo avuthwe, ama-omnivore agcina isisindo sawo futhi aze athole cishe wonke amafutha awo ngokudla izintuthwane ezicebile ngamaprotheni njengezintuthwane eziphuzi.
Omiyane abathile, njenge-Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, abatholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, baphila ngokudla abanye omiyane. Izibungu ze-T. septentrionalis zihlala emanzini amile, njengemigodi yezihlahla, futhi zidla ezinye izibungu ezincane zomiyane, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezidlulisela izifo kubantu. Elabhorethri, isibungu esisodwa somiyane se-T. septentrionalis singabulala ezinye izibungu zomiyane ezingu-20 kuya ku-50 ngosuku.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngokusho kwephepha lika-2022, lezi zibungu zingababulali abangaphezulu ababulala izisulu zabo kodwa abazidli.
“Uma ukubulala ngenkani kwenzeka ngokwemvelo, kungase kwandise ukusebenza kahle kwe-Toxoplasma gondii ekulawuleni omiyane abamunca igazi,” kubhala abalobi.
Ezinyonini eziningi, akukho okumnandi ukwedlula izinkulungwane zezibungu, ngaphandle kokuthi lezo zibungu zimbozwe izinwele ezihlabayo ezicasula ingaphakathi lakho. Kodwa hhayi i-cuckoo yaseNyakatho Melika enomlomo ophuzi.
Le nyoni enkulu ngokuqhathaniswa enomlomo ophuzi okhanyayo ingagwinya izibungu, ngezikhathi ezithile ikhiphe ulwelwesi lomphimbo nesisu sayo (yakha amathumbu afana nendle yesikhova) bese iqala kabusha. (Bukela isibungu siphenduka uvemvane.)
Nakuba izinhlobo ezifana nezibungu zamatende kanye nezibungu ze-webum zasekwindla zivela eNyakatho Melika, inani lazo landa njalo, okudala idili elingenakucatshangwa le-cuckoo enomlomo ophuzi, kanti ezinye izifundo zisikisela ukuthi zingadla izibungu ezifika kumakhulu ngesikhathi.
Alukho uhlobo lwesibungu oluyinkinga kakhulu ezitshalweni noma kubantu, kodwa lunikeza izinyoni ukudla okubalulekile, bese zidla ezinye izinambuzane eziningi.
Uma ubona intulo ebomvu ekhanyayo yasempumalanga igijima endleleni empumalanga ye-United States, hlebela uthi “ngiyabonga.”
Lezi zinambuzane eziphila isikhathi eside, eziningi zazo eziphila iminyaka eyi-12-15, zidla omiyane abathwala izifo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila kwazo, kusukela ezibungu kuya ezibungu kanye nabantu abadala.
UJJ Apodaca, umqondisi omkhulu we-Amphibian and Reptile Conservancy, akakwazanga ukusho ukuthi zingaki izibungu zomiyane ezidliwa yi-eastern salamander ngosuku, kodwa lezi zidalwa zinolaka olukhulu futhi ziningi ngokwanele ukuba “zibe nomthelela” ebuningini bomiyane.
I-tanager yasehlobo ingase ibe yinhle ngomzimba wayo obomvu omuhle kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kungase kungabi yinduduzo enkulu kunyosi, i-tanager eyiphonsa emoyeni, iyibuyisele esihlahleni bese ishaya igatsha ize ife.
Ama-tanager asehlobo ahlala eningizimu ye-United States futhi athuthela eNingizimu Melika minyaka yonke, lapho edla khona izinambuzane ngokuyinhloko. Kodwa ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni eziningi, amajuba asehlobo akhethekile ekuzingeleni izinyosi kanye nezinyovu.
Ukuze bagweme ukulunywa, babamba iminyovu efana nenyovu emoyeni, bese kuthi uma sebebulewe, basule izinti emagatsheni ezihlahla ngaphambi kokudla, ngokusho kweCornell Lab of Ornithology.
UTallamy uthe yize izindlela zemvelo zokulawula izinambuzane zahlukahlukene, “indlela yomuntu yokucindezela iyawubhubhisa lowo mehluko.”
Ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela yabantu efana nokulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcola kungalimaza izilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane njengezinyoni nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
“Asikwazi ukuphila kule planethi ngokubulala izinambuzane,” kusho uTallamy. “Yizinto ezincane ezibusa umhlaba. Ngakho-ke singagxila endleleni yokulawula izinto ezingavamile.”
Ilungelo Lokushicilela © 1996–2015 National Geographic Society. Ilungelo Lokushicilela © 2015-2024 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-24-2024