Izibungu zomhlaba zingakhulisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-140 ngonyaka

Ososayensi base-US bathole ukuthi izimpethu zomhlaba zingase zinikeze amathani ayizigidi ezingu-140 okudla emhlabeni jikelele minyaka yonke, okuhlanganisa u-6.5% wokusanhlamvu kanye no-2.3% wemifino. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinqubweni zemvelo zezolimo kanye nemikhuba esekela inani lezimpethu zomhlaba kanye nokuhlukahluka kwenhlabathi kubalulekile ekufezeni imigomo yezolimo esimeme.

Izimpethu zomhlaba zingabakhi ababalulekile benhlabathi enempilo futhi zisekela ukukhula kwezitshalo ezicini eziningi, njengokuthinta isakhiwo senhlabathi, ukutholakala kwamanzi, ukujikeleza kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokutholakala kwezakhamzimba. Izimpethu zomhlaba zingaphinde zishukumise izitshalo ukuthi zikhiqize ama-hormone akhuthaza ukukhula, zizisize zimelane namagciwane avamile enhlabathini. Kodwa igalelo lazo ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo emhlabeni wonke alikakalinganiswa.

Ukuze bahlole umthelela wemibungu yomhlaba ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo ezibalulekile emhlabeni wonke, uSteven Fonte kanye nozakwabo baseColorado State University bahlaziye amamephu obuningi bemibungu yomhlaba, izici zenhlabathi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kusukela kudatha yangaphambilini. Bathole ukuthi imibungu yomhlaba inikela cishe ku-6.5% wokukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu komhlaba wonke (kufaka phakathi ummbila, ilayisi, ukolweni, nebhali), kanye no-2.3% wokukhiqizwa kwemifino (kufaka phakathi ubhontshisi, uphizi, ubhontshisi, udali, kanye ne-alfalfa), okulingana namathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-140 okusanhlamvu minyaka yonke. Umnikelo wemibungu yomhlaba uphezulu kakhulu eningizimu yomhlaba wonke, unikela ngo-10% ekukhiqizweni kokusanhlamvu e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara kanye no-8% eLatin America naseCaribbean.

Lokhu okutholakele kuphakathi kwemizamo yokuqala yokulinganisa umnikelo wezinto eziphilayo ezizuzisayo enhlabathini ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba lokhu okutholakele kusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwemininingwane eminingi yasenyakatho yomhlaba wonke, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izimpethu zomhlaba ziyiziqhubi ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kokudla emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu badinga ukucwaninga nokukhuthaza imikhuba yokuphathwa kwezolimo emvelweni, baqinise yonke i-biota yomhlabathi, kufaka phakathi izimpethu zomhlaba, ukusekela izinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo ezikhuthaza ukusimama kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuqina kwezolimo.