Izilawuli zokukhulaingathuthukisa izinga kanye nokukhiqiza kwezihlahla zezithelo. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe eSiteshini Sokucwaninga SePalm esiFundazweni saseBushehr iminyaka emibili ilandelana futhi lwaluhloselwe ukuhlola imiphumela yokufafaza ngaphambi kokuvuna ngezilawuli zokukhula ezicini ze-physicochemical ze-date palm (Phoenix dactylifera cv. 'Shahabi') izithelo ezigabeni ze-halal ne-tamar. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izixha zezithelo zalezi zihlahla zafuthwa esigabeni se-kimri futhi ngonyaka wesibili ezigabeni ze-kimri ne-hababouk + kimri nge-NAA (100 mg/L), i-GA3 (100 mg/L), i-KI (100 mg/L), i-SA (50 mg/L), i-Put (1.288 × 103 × 103 mg yamanzi) kanye ne-di. Ukufafaza nge-Foliar kwazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezixukwini ze-date cultivar 'Shahabi' esigabeni se-kimry akuzange kube nomthelela omkhulu kumingcele efana nobude besithelo, ububanzi, isisindo kanye nomthamo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, kodwa ukufafaza nge-foliarNAAfuthi ngokwezinga elithile Ukubeka esigabeni se-hababouk + kimry kubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwale mingcele ezigabeni ze-halal ne-tamar. Ukufafaza nge-Foliar nazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwesisindo se-pulp kuzo zombili izigaba ze-halal ne-tamar. Esigabeni sokuqhakaza, isisindo sesixha kanye nephesenti lesivuno kwenyuke kakhulu ngemva kokufafaza kwamaqabunga nge-Put, SA,I-GA3futhi ikakhulukazi i-NAA uma iqhathaniswa nokulawula. Sekukonke, iphesenti lokuwa kwezithelo laliphezulu kakhulu nazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula njenge-foliar spray esigabeni se-hababouk + kimry uma kuqhathaniswa nesifutho se-foliar esigabeni se-kimry. Ukufafaza kwe-Foliar esigabeni se-kimri kwehlisa kakhulu inani lezithelo, kodwa ukufafaza kwe-foliar nge-NAA, GA3 kanye ne-SA esiteji se-hababook + kimri kwandisa kakhulu inani lokwehla kwezithelo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula. Ukufafaza ngama-Foliar ngawo wonke ama-PGR ezigabeni ze-kimri ne-hababook + kimri kubangele ukwehla okuphawulekayo kumaphesenti e-TSS kanye namaphesenti engqikithi yama-carbohydrate uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula esigabeni se-halal ne-tamar. Ukufafaza nge-Foliar ngawo wonke ama-PGR ezigabeni ze-kimri ne-hababook + kimri kuphumele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwephesenti le-TA esigabeni se-halal uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula.
Ukwengezwa kwe-100 mg/L NAA ngomjovo kwandisa isisindo senqwaba futhi kwathuthukisa izici zomzimba zezithelo ezifana nesisindo, ubude, ububanzi, ubukhulu, iphesenti le-pulp kanye ne-TSS kuhlobo lwe-date palm 'Kabkab'. Kodwa-ke, isisindo sokusanhlamvu, iphesenti le-acidity kanye nokuqukethwe ushukela onganciphisi akuzange kushintshwe. I-Exogenous GA yayingenawo umthelela obalulekile kumaphesenti we-pulp ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhula kwezithelo futhi i-NAA yayinephesenti eliphezulu kakhulu le-pulp8.
Ucwaningo oluhlobene lubonise ukuthi lapho ukugxila kwe-IAA kufinyelela ku-150 mg/L, izinga lokuwa kwezithelo kuzo zombili izinhlobo ze-jujube lehla kakhulu. Lapho ukuhlushwa kuphakeme, izinga lokwehla kwezithelo liyakhula. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa lezi zilawuli zokukhula, isisindo sezithelo, ububanzi kanye nesisindo senqwaba sikhuphuka ngo-11.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Shahabi ziwuhlobo oluncane lwezinsuku futhi zimelana kakhulu namanzi amancane. Futhi,
Isithelo sinomthamo omkhulu wokugcina. Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu, itshalwa ngobuningi esifundazweni saseBushehr. Kodwa okunye okungalungile kwaso ukuthi isithelo sine-pulp encane netshe elikhulu. Ngakho-ke, noma yimiphi imizamo yokuthuthukisa inani kanye nekhwalithi yesithelo, ikakhulukazi ukwandisa ubukhulu besithelo, isisindo futhi, ekugcineni, isivuno, singandisa imali engenayo yabakhiqizi.
Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezingokwenyama namakhemikhali zezithelo zesundu ngokusebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo bese ukhetha inketho engcono kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kuka-Put, salungisa zonke lezi zixazululo ngosuku olwandulela ukufafaza kwe-foliar futhi sazigcina esiqandisini. Ocwaningweni, isisombululo se-Put salungiswa ngosuku lokufafazwa kwamaqabunga. Sasebenzisa isixazululo esidingekayo sokulawula ukukhula kumaqoqo ezithelo sisebenzisa indlela yokufutha nge-foliar. Ngakho, ngemva kokukhetha izihlahla ezifunwayo onyakeni wokuqala, amaqoqo ezithelo amathathu akhethwa ezinhlangothini ezihlukene zesihlahla ngasinye esigabeni se-kimry ngo-May, ukwelashwa okufunayo kwasetshenziswa kumaqoqo, futhi abhalwa. Ngonyaka wesibili, ukubaluleka kwenkinga kwakudinga ushintsho, futhi ngalowo nyaka kwakhethwa amaqoqo amane esihlahleni ngasinye, amabili awo ayesesiteji se-hababuk ngo-April futhi angena esigabeni se-kimry ngo-May. Amaqoqo ezithelo amabili kuphela esihlahleni ngasinye esikhethiwe ayesezingeni le-kimry, futhi kwasetshenziswa izilawuli zokukhula. Kwasetshenziswa isifutho ngesandla ukuze kufakwe isixazululo futhi kunamathele amalebula. Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, fafaza amaqoqo ezithelo ekuseni kakhulu. Sakhetha ngokungahleliwe amasampula esithelo esixukwini ngasinye esiteji se-halal ngoJuni nasesiteji se-tamar ngoSepthemba futhi senza izilinganiso ezidingekayo zezithelo ukutadisha imiphumela yabalawuli abahlukene bokukhula kuzakhiwo ze-physicochemical zezithelo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Shahabi. Ukuqoqwa kwezinto zezitshalo kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinkambiso nemithetho yesikhungo efanele, kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe, futhi kwatholakala imvume yokuqoqa impahla yezitshalo.
Ukulinganisa ivolumu yesithelo esigabeni se-halal nese-tamar, sikhethe ngokungahleliwe izithelo eziyishumi eqoqweni ngalinye ngempinda ngayinye ehambisana neqembu ngalinye lokwelapha futhi sikala isamba sevolumu yesithelo ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini sase siyihlukanisa ngeshumi ukuze sithole isilinganiso sevolumu yesithelo.
Ukuze silinganise iphesenti le-pulp ezigabeni ze-halal ne-tamar, sikhethe ngokungahleliwe izithelo eziyi-10 eqenjini ngalinye leqembu ngalinye lokwelapha futhi sakala isisindo sazo sisebenzisa isikali sikagesi. Sabe sesihlukanisa i-pulp emnyombweni, sikala ingxenye ngayinye ngokwehlukana, futhi sahlukanisa inani eliphelele ngo-10 ukuze sithole isisindo se-pulp esimaphakathi. Isisindo se-pulp singabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo1,2.
Ukuze silinganise iphesenti lomswakamo ezigabeni ze-halal ne-tamar, sibe nesisindo esingu-100 g we-pulp entsha esixukwini ngasinye ngokuphindaphinda kweqembu ngalinye sisebenzisa isikali se-elekthronikhi futhi sasibhaka kuhhavini ongu-70 °C inyanga eyodwa. Sabe sesikala isampula elomisiwe futhi sabala iphesenti lomswakamo sisebenzisa ifomula elandelayo:
Ukuze silinganise izinga lokwehla kwesithelo, sibale inani lezithelo ngamaqoqo angu-5 futhi sibale izinga lokwehla kwesithelo sisebenzisa ifomula elandelayo:
Sasusa zonke izixha zezithelo ezintendeni zezandla eziphathwayo futhi sizikala esikalini. Ngokusekelwe enanini lamabhantshi esihlahleni ngasinye kanye nebanga phakathi kokutshala, sikwazile ukubala ukwanda kwesivuno.
Inani le-pH lejusi libonisa i-acidity yayo noma i-alkalinity ezigabeni ze-halal ne-tamar. Sikhethe ngokungahleliwe izithelo eziyi-10 eqenjini ngalinye eqenjini ngalinye lokuhlola futhi sibe nesisindo esingu-1 g we-pulp. Sengeze u-9 ml wamanzi acwebile esixazululweni sokukhipha futhi sakala i-pH yesithelo sisebenzisa i-JENWAY 351018 pH imitha.
Ukufafaza nge-Foliar nazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula esiteji se-kimry kunciphisa kakhulu ukwehla kwezithelo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula (Fig. 1). Ukwengeza, ukufafaza kwe-foliar nge-NAA ezinhlobonhlobo ze-hababuk + kimry kwandisa kakhulu izinga lokuwa kwezithelo uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula. Iphesenti eliphakeme kakhulu lokuwa kwezithelo (71.21%) libonwe ngokufafazwa kwe-foliar nge-NAA esigabeni se-hababuk + kimry, kanti iphesenti eliphansi kakhulu lokuwa kwezithelo (19.00%) libonwe ngokufafazwa kwe-foliar nge-GA3 esigabeni se-kimry.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha, okuqukethwe kwe-TSS esigabeni se-halal kwakungaphansi kakhulu kunalokho kwasesiteji se-tamar. Ukufafaza nge-Foliar ngawo wonke ama-PGR ezigabeni ze-kimri ne-hababuk + kimri kubangele ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwe-TSS ezigabeni ze-halal ne-tamar uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula (Fig. 2A).
Umthelela wokufafaza ngamahlamvu nazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula ezicini zamakhemikhali (A: TSS, B: TA, C: pH kanye no-D: inani lamacarbohydrates) esigabeni se-Khababuck nesikaKimry. Amanani asho alandela izinhlamvu ezifanayo kukholamu ngayinye awahlukile kakhulu kuph<0.05 (ukuhlolwa kwe-LSD). Beka i-purescine, i-SA - i-salicylic acid (SA), i-NAA - i-naphthylacetic acid, i-KI - kinetin, i-GA3 - i-gibberellic acid.
Esigabeni se-halal, zonke izilawuli zokukhula zandise kakhulu isithelo sonke se-TA, ngaphandle komehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula (Fig. 2B). Ngesikhathi se-tamar, okuqukethwe kwe-TA kwezifutho ze-foliar kwakuphansi kakhulu esikhathini se-kababuk + kimri. Kodwa-ke, awukho umehluko obalulekile otholakele kunoma yisiphi isilawuli sokukhula kwesitshalo, ngaphandle kwezifutho ze-NAA ze-foliar ezikhathini ze-kimri ne-kimri + kababuk kanye nezifutho ze-GA3 ze-foliar esikhathini se-kababuk + kababuk. Kulesi sigaba, i-TA ephezulu kakhulu (0.13%) ibonwe ngokuphendula i-NAA, i-SA, ne-GA3.
Okutholakele kwethu ekuthuthukisweni kwezici ezibonakalayo zezithelo (ubude, ububanzi, isisindo, umthamo kanye namaphesenti we-pulp) ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli ezihlukene zokukhula ezihlahleni ze-jujube kuyavumelana nedatha ye-Hesami ne-Abdi8.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-17-2025