Abalawuli bokukhulakungathuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nokukhiqiza kwezihlahla zezithelo. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwa eSiteshini Sokucwaninga Ngezihlahla eSifundazweni saseBushehr iminyaka emibili ilandelana futhi luhlose ukuhlola imiphumela yokufafaza ngaphambi kokuvunwa ngabalawuli bokukhula ezimpahleni ze-physicochemical zezithelo zesundu (Phoenix dactylifera cv. 'Shahabi') ezigabeni ze-halal neze-tamar. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izinqwaba zezithelo zalezi zihlahla zafuthwa esigabeni se-kimri kanye nangonyaka wesibili ezigabeni ze-kimri kanye ne-hababouk + kimri nge-NAA (100 mg/L), i-GA3 (100 mg/L), i-KI (100 mg/L), i-SA (50 mg/L), i-Put (1.288 × 103 mg/L) kanye namanzi acwengekile njengokulawula. Ukufutha nge-foliar kwazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezinqwabeni ze-date cultivar 'Shahabi' esigabeni se-kimry akuzange kube nomthelela omkhulu ezimisweni ezifana nobude bezithelo, ububanzi, isisindo kanye nomthamo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, kodwa ukufutha nge-foliar ngeI-NAAfuthi ngezinga elithile i-Put esigabeni se-hababouk + kimry iholele ekwandeni okukhulu kwalezi zinhlaka ezigabeni ze-halal neze-tamar. Ukufutha nge-foliar ngazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula kuholele ekwandeni okukhulu kwesisindo se-pulp ezigabeni ze-halal neze-tamar. Esigabeni sokuqhakaza, isisindo se-bunch kanye nephesenti lesivuno kukhuphuke kakhulu ngemuva kokufutha nge-foliar nge-Put, SA,I-GA3futhi ikakhulukazi i-NAA uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula. Sekukonke, iphesenti lokwehla kwezithelo laliphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izilawuli zokukhula njengoba i-foliar spray esigabeni se-hababouk + kimry uma kuqhathaniswa ne-foliar spray esigabeni se-kimry. I-foliar spray esigabeni se-kimri yanciphisa kakhulu inani lokwehla kwezithelo, kodwa i-foliar spray nge-NAA, i-GA3 kanye ne-SA esigabeni se-hababook + kimri yandise kakhulu inani lokwehla kwezithelo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula. I-foliar spray ngawo wonke ama-PGR ezigabeni ze-kimri kanye ne-hababook + kimri yabangela ukwehla okukhulu kwephesenti le-TSS kanye nephesenti lama-carbohydrate aphelele uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula ezigabeni ze-halal kanye ne-tamar. I-foliar spray ngawo wonke ama-PGR ezigabeni ze-kimri kanye ne-hababook + kimri yabangela ukwanda okukhulu kwephesenti le-TA esigabeni se-halal uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula.
Ukwengezwa kwe-100 mg/L NAA ngomjovo kwandisa isisindo seqembu futhi kwathuthukisa izici zomzimba zezithelo ezifana nesisindo, ubude, ububanzi, usayizi, iphesenti le-pulp kanye ne-TSS ku-cultivar yesundu se-date 'Kabkab'. Kodwa-ke, isisindo sokusanhlamvu, iphesenti le-acidity kanye nokuqukethwe kukashukela okunganciphisi akuzange kushintshwe. I-GA yangaphandle ayizange ibe nomthelela omkhulu kuphesenti le-pulp ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula kwezithelo kanti i-NAA yayinephesenti le-pulp eliphakeme kakhulu8.
Izifundo ezihlobene zikhombisile ukuthi lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-IAA kufinyelela ku-150 mg/L, izinga lokuwa kwezithelo kuzo zombili izinhlobo ze-jujube liyancipha kakhulu. Uma ukuhlushwa kuphezulu, izinga lokuwa kwezithelo liyakhuphuka. Ngemva kokusebenzisa lezi zilawuli zokukhula, isisindo sezithelo, ububanzi kanye nesisindo seqembu sikhuphuka ngo-11.
Uhlobo lweShahabi luyinhlobo yama-date amancane futhi lumelana kakhulu namanzi amancane. Futhi,
Lesi sithelo sinamandla okugcina izithelo aphezulu. Ngenxa yalezi zici, sitshalwa ngobuningi esifundazweni saseBushehr. Kodwa enye yezinto ezimbi zaso ukuthi isithelo asinawo ubhontshisi omncane kanye netshe elikhulu. Ngakho-ke, noma yimiphi imizamo yokuthuthukisa inani kanye nekhwalithi yesithelo, ikakhulukazi ukwandisa usayizi wesithelo, isisindo, futhi ekugcineni, isivuno, kungandisa imali engenayo yabakhiqizi.
Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zezithelo zesundu kusetshenziswa abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo nokukhetha inketho engcono kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kwePut, salungisa zonke lezi zixazululo ngosuku olwandulela ukufafaza amahlamvu futhi sazigcina esiqandisini. Esifundweni, isisombululo sePut salungiswa ngosuku lokufafaza amahlamvu. Sasebenzisa isisombululo sokulawula ukukhula esidingekayo kumaqoqo ezithelo sisebenzisa indlela yokufafaza amahlamvu. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokukhetha izihlahla ezifiselekayo ngonyaka wokuqala, kwakhethwa amaqoqo ezithelo amathathu ezinhlangothini ezahlukene zomuthi ngamunye esigabeni seKimry ngoMeyi, ukwelashwa okufiselekayo kwasetshenziswa kumaqoqo, futhi abekwa amalebula. Ngonyaka wesibili, ukubaluleka kwenkinga kwakudinga ushintsho, futhi ngalowo nyaka kwakhethwa amaqoqo amane emthini ngamunye, amabili awo ayesesigabeni sehababuk ngo-Ephreli futhi angena esigabeni seKimry ngoMeyi. Amaqoqo ezithelo amabili kuphela emthini ngamunye okhethiwe ayesesigabeni seKimry, futhi kwasetshenziswa abalawuli bokukhula. Kwasetshenziswa umshini wokufafaza ngesandla ukufaka isisombululo nokunamathisela amalebula. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, fafaza amaqoqo ezithelo ekuseni kakhulu. Sikhethe ngokungahleliwe amasampula ezithelo eziningana kusuka kuqoqo ngalinye esigabeni se-halal ngoJuni kanye nasesigabeni se-tamar ngoSepthemba futhi senza izilinganiso ezidingekayo zezithelo ukuze sifunde imiphumela yabalawuli bokukhula abahlukene ezimpahleni ze-physicochemical zezithelo zohlobo lweShahabi. Ukuqoqwa kwezinto zezitshalo kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemigomo nemithetho efanele yezikhungo, kazwelonke kanye neyamazwe ngamazwe, futhi kwatholakala imvume yokuqoqa izinto zezitshalo.
Ukuze silinganise umthamo wezithelo ezigabeni ze-halal kanye ne-tamar, sikhethe ngokungahleliwe izithelo eziyishumi kusuka eqenjini ngalinye lezinhlobo eziphindaphindwayo ezihambisana neqembu ngalinye lokwelashwa futhi salinganisa umthamo wezithelo zonke ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini futhi sahlukanisa ngeshumi ukuze sithole umthamo wezithelo ojwayelekile.
Ukuze silinganise iphesenti le-pulp ezigabeni ze-halal ne-tamar, sikhethe ngokungahleliwe izithelo eziyi-10 kusuka eqenjini ngalinye leqembu ngalinye lokwelashwa futhi salinganisa isisindo sazo sisebenzisa isikali se-elekthronikhi. Sabe sesihlukanisa i-pulp ne-core, sakala ingxenye ngayinye ngokwehlukana, futhi sahlukanisa inani eliphelele ngo-10 ukuze sithole isisindo se-pulp esimaphakathi. Isisindo se-pulp singabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo1,2.
Ukuze silinganise iphesenti lomswakama ezigabeni ze-halal kanye ne-tamar, silinganise amagremu ayi-100 e-pulp entsha evela esixukwini ngasinye ngokuphindaphindwa eqenjini ngalinye lokwelapha sisebenzisa isikali se-elekthronikhi bese siyibhaka kuhhavini ku-70 °C inyanga eyodwa. Sabe sesilinganisa isampula eyomisiwe futhi sabala iphesenti lomswakama sisebenzisa ifomula elandelayo:
Ukuze silinganise izinga lokwehla kwezithelo, sibale inani lezithelo ngamaqoqo ama-5 futhi sibale izinga lokwehla kwezithelo sisebenzisa ifomula elandelayo:
Sisuse zonke izingcezu zezithelo ezihlahleni eziphathwe kahle sazikala ngesikali. Ngokusekelwe enanini lezingcezu ngomuthi ngamunye kanye nebanga eliphakathi kokutshala, sikwazile ukubala ukwanda kwesivuno.
Inani le-pH lejusi libonisa ubumuncu noma i-alkalinity yalo ezigabeni ze-halal kanye ne-tamar. Sikhethe ngokungahleliwe izithelo eziyi-10 kusuka kuqoqo ngalinye eqenjini ngalinye lokuhlola futhi salinganisa i-1 g ye-pulp. Singeze u-9 ml wamanzi acwengekile esixazululweni sokukhipha futhi salinganisa i-pH yesithelo sisebenzisa imitha ye-pH ye-JENWAY 351018.
Ukufutha ngamahlamvu nazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula esigabeni se-kimry kunciphise kakhulu ukwehla kwezithelo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula (Isithombe 1). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufutha ngamahlamvu nge-NAA ezinhlotsheni ze-hababuk + kimry kwandise kakhulu izinga lokwehla kwezithelo uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula. Iphesenti eliphezulu kakhulu lokwehla kwezithelo (71.21%) labonwa ngokufutha ngamahlamvu nge-NAA esigabeni se-hababuk + kimry, kanti iphesenti eliphansi kakhulu lokwehla kwezithelo (19.00%) labonwa ngokufutha ngamahlamvu nge-GA3 esigabeni se-kimry.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha, okuqukethwe yi-TSS esigabeni se-halal kwakuphansi kakhulu kunalokho esigabeni se-tamar. Ukufutha nge-foliar ngawo wonke ama-PGR ezigabeni ze-kimri kanye ne-hababuk + kimri kuholele ekunciphiseni okuqukethwe yi-TSS ezigabeni ze-halal kanye ne-tamar uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula (Isithombe 2A).
Umphumela wokufutha amahlamvu ngazo zonke izilawuli zokukhula ezicini zamakhemikhali (A: TSS, B: TA, C: pH kanye no-D: ama-carbohydrate aphelele) ezigabeni zeKhababuck kanye neKimry. Amanani aphakathi alandela izinhlamvu ezifanayo kukholamu ngayinye awahlukile kakhulu ku-p< 0.05 (ukuhlolwa kwe-LSD). Faka i-putrescine, i-SA - i-salicylic acid (SA), i-NAA - i-naphthylacetic acid, i-KI - i-kinetin, i-GA3 - i-gibberellic acid.
Esigabeni se-halal, bonke abalawuli bokukhula bandise kakhulu i-TA yesithelo sonke, kungekho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula (Umfanekiso 2B). Ngesikhathi se-tamar, okuqukethwe kwe-TA kwama-foliar sprays kwakuphansi kakhulu esikhathini se-kababuk + kimri. Kodwa-ke, akukho mehluko obalulekile otholakale kunoma yibaphi abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo, ngaphandle kwama-NAA foliar sprays ezikhathini ze-kimri kanye ne-kimri + kababuk kanye nama-GA3 foliar sprays enkathini ye-kababuk + kababuk. Kulesi sigaba, i-TA ephezulu kakhulu (0.13%) yabonwa ngenxa ye-NAA, SA, kanye ne-GA3.
Okutholakele kwethu ngokuthuthukiswa kwezici zomzimba zezithelo (ubude, ububanzi, isisindo, ivolumu kanye nephesenti le-pulp) ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula ezahlukene ezihlahleni ze-jujube kuyahambisana nedatha ye-Hesami ne-Abdi8.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-17-2025