I-Kiwifruit isihlahla sezithelo ze-dioecious esidinga impova esithelweni esisethwe izitshalo zesifazane. Kulolu cwaningo, iisilawuli sokukhula kwezitshaloI-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) isetshenziswe ku-Chinese kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') ukuze kuthuthukiswe isethi yezithelo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithelo nokwandisa isivuno. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwe-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) kubangele ngempumelelo i-parthenocarpy ku-kiwifruit yesiShayina futhi kwathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yezithelo. Ezinsukwini eziyi-140 ngemuva kokuqhakaza, izinga lezithelo ze-parthenocarpic eziphathwe ngo-2,4-D lifinyelele ku-16.95%. Ukwakheka kwempova yezimbali zesifazane eziphathwe nge-2,4-D namanzi kwakuhlukile, futhi ukusebenza kwempova akuzange kubonakale. Ekuvuthweni, izithelo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D zazincane kakhulu kuneqembu elilawulayo, futhi amakhasi azo, inyama kanye nokuqina kwawo kwakuhluke kakhulu kulezo zeqembu lokulawula. Kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile kokuqukethwe okuqinile okuncibilikayo phakathi kwezithelo ezilashwe ngo-2,4-D kanye nezithelo zokulawula lapho zivuthwa, kodwa okuqukethwe kwento eyomile yezithelo ezilashwe ngo-2,4-D kwakungaphansi kunezithelo ezifakwe impova.
Eminyakeni yakamuva,izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo (PGR)ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza i-parthenocarpy ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene ze-horticultural. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezibanzi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula ukuze zifake i-parthenocarpy ku-kiwi azikenziwa. Kuleli phepha, umthelela wesilawuli sokukhula kwesitshalo esingu-2,4-D ku-parthenocarpy ku-kiwi yohlobo lwe-Dunghong kanye nezinguquko ekubunjweni kwayo kwamakhemikhali sekukonke kwahlolisiswa. Imiphumela etholiwe inikeza isisekelo sesayensi sokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isethi yezithelo ze-kiwi kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo iyonke.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ku-National Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank yase-Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences ngo-2024. Izihlahla ezintathu ezinempilo, ezingenazifo, ezineminyaka emihlanu ze-Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' zikhethelwe ukuhlolwa, futhi izimbali ezivame ukwakhiwa ezingama-250 esihlahleni ngasinye zasetshenziswa njengezinto zokuhlola.
I-Parthenocarpy ivumela isithelo ukuthi sikhule ngempumelelo ngaphandle kwempova, okubaluleke kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezinomkhawulo we-pollination. Lolu cwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-parthenocarpy ivumela ukusethwa kwezithelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa ngaphandle kwempova nokuvundiswa, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi. Amandla e-parthenocarpy asemandleni ayo okwandisa izithelo ezibekwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ikhwalithi yezitshalo kanye nesivuno, ikakhulukazi uma izinsiza ze-pollinator zilinganiselwe noma zingekho . Izici zemvelo ezifana nokuqina kokukhanya, i-photoperiod, izinga lokushisa, kanye nomswakama kungaba nomthelela ku-2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy ku-kiwifruit. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivaliwe noma ezinomthunzi, izinguquko ezimweni zokukhanya zingasebenzisana ne-2,4-D ukushintsha i-auxin metabolism engapheli, engathuthukisa noma ivimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwesithelo se-parthenocarpic kuye nge-cultivar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile kanye nomswakama endaweni elawulwayo kusiza ukugcina umsebenzi we-hormone nokwandisa isethi yezithelo [39]. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo luhlelelwe ukuqhubeka nokuhlola ukwenziwa kahle kwezimo zemvelo (ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, kanye nomswakama) ezinhlelweni ezikhulayo ezilawulwayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy kuyilapho kugcinwa ikhwalithi yezithelo. Indlela yokulawulwa kwemvelo ye-parthenocarpy isadinga uphenyo olwengeziwe. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukugxila okuphansi kwe-2,4-D (5 ppm kanye ne-10 ppm) kungenza ngempumelelo i-parthenocarpy kutamatisi futhi ikhiqize izithelo ezingenambewu ezisezingeni eliphezulu [37]. Izithelo ze-Parthenocarpic azinambewu futhi zisezingeni eliphezulu, okuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kubathengi [38]. Njengoba impahla ye-kiwifruit esivivinyayo iyisitshalo se-dioecious, izindlela zendabuko zokuvundisa zidinga ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla futhi zisebenza kakhulu. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, lolu cwaningo lusebenzise i-2,4-D ukuze lufake i-parthenocarpy ku-kiwifruit, eyavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukufa kwezithelo okubangelwa izimbali zesifazane ezingenampova. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonise ukuthi izithelo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D zathuthukiswa ngempumelelo, futhi inani lembewu lalincane kakhulu kunelezithelo ezenziwe impova, futhi ikhwalithi yesithelo nayo yathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukufaka i-parthenocarpy ngokwelashwa kwe-hormone kunganqoba izinkinga ze-pollination futhi kukhiqize izithelo ezingenambewu, okubaluleke kakhulu ekulinyweni kwezentengiselwano.
Kulolu cwaningo, izindlela ze-2,4-D (2,4-D) ekuthuthukisweni kwezithelo ezingenambewu kanye nekhwalithi ye-Chinese kiwifruit cultivar 'Donghong' zaphenywa ngokuhlelekile. Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini olubonisa ukuthi i-2,4-D ingabangela ukwakheka kwezithelo ezingenambewu ku-kiwifruit, lolu cwaningo luhlose ukucacisa imiphumela yokulawula yokwelashwa kwe-2,4-D yangaphandle ekuthuthukiseni izithelo kanye nokwakheka kwekhwalithi yezithelo. Imiphumela yacacisa indima yokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-kiwifruit engenambewu futhi yasungula isu lokwelapha elingu-2,4-D elihlinzeka ngesisekelo esibalulekile sokuphila sokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha ze-kiwifruit ezingenambewu. Lolu cwaningo lunemiphumela ebalulekile esebenzayo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusimama kwemboni ye-kiwifruit.
Lolu cwaningo lubonise ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kwe-2,4-D ekufakeni i-parthenocarpy ku-cultivar ye-kiwifruit yaseShayina 'Donghong'. Izici zangaphandle (okuhlanganisa isisindo nesayizi yezithelo) kanye nezimfanelo zangaphakathi (ezifana noshukela ne-asidi) ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo zaphenywa. Ukwelashwa ngo-0.5 mg/L 2,4-D kuthuthukise kakhulu izinga lezinzwa zesithelo ngokwandisa ubumnandi kanye nokuncipha kwe-asidi. Ngenxa yalokho, isilinganiso sikashukela/i-asidi sikhuphuke kakhulu, okwathuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithelo. Kodwa-ke, umehluko omkhulu watholakala esisindweni sesithelo kanye nokuqukethwe kwento eyomile phakathi kwezithelo ezilashwe ngo-2,4-D kanye nempova. Lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile nge-parthenocarpy kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yezithelo ku-kiwifruit. Ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kungase kusebenze njengenye indlela yabalimi be-kiwifruit abahlose ukukhiqiza izithelo futhi bathole isivuno esiphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinhlobo zesilisa (ezifakwe impova) kanye nempova yokwenziwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-02-2025