I-Kiwifruit iyisihlahla sezithelo esinomumo ofana nowemvelo esidinga ukuthululwa kwempova ukuze kutholakale izithelo ezitshalwe yizitshalo zesifazane. Kulolu cwaningo,umlawuli wokukhula kwezitshaloI-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) yasetshenziswa ku-kiwifruit yaseShayina (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') ukukhuthaza ukuqoqwa kwezithelo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithelo nokwandisa isivuno. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwe-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) kwabangela ngempumelelo i-parthenocarpy ku-kiwifruit yaseShayina futhi kwathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yezithelo. Ezinsukwini eziyi-140 ngemva kokuqhakaza, izinga lokuqoqwa kwezithelo ze-parthenocarpic eziphathwe nge-2,4-D lafinyelela ku-16.95%. Isakhiwo sempova yezimbali zesifazane eziphathwe nge-2,4-D namanzi sasihlukile, futhi ukuphila kwempova akuzange kutholakale. Ekuvuthweni, izithelo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D zazincane kancane kunezo eziseqenjini lokulawula, futhi ukuqina kwazo, inyama kanye nokuqina kwengaphakathi kwakuhluke kakhulu kulezo eziseqenjini lokulawula. Kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile ezincibilikayo phakathi kwezithelo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D kanye nezithelo zokulawula lapho sezivuthiwe, kodwa okuqukethwe kwezinto ezomile kwezithelo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D kwakuphansi kunokwezithelo ezitholwe ngempova.
Eminyakeni yakamuva,abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo (i-PGR)Kusetshenziswe kabanzi ukuvusa i-parthenocarpy ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziphelele mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula ukuvusa i-parthenocarpy ku-kiwi azikenziwa. Kuleli phepha, kufundwe umphumela womlawuli wokukhula kwezitshalo ongu-2,4-D ku-parthenocarpy ku-kiwi wohlobo lwe-Dunghong kanye nezinguquko ekwakhekeni kwayo kwamakhemikhali iyonke. Imiphumela etholakele inikeza isisekelo sesayensi sokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ukuthuthukisa isethi yezithelo ze-kiwi kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo iyonke.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa eBhange Lezinsizakusebenza Likazwelonke leKiwi Germplasm laseWuhan Botanical Garden, e-Chinese Academy of Sciences ngo-2024. Izihlahla ezintathu ze-Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' ezinempilo, ezingenazifo, ezineminyaka emihlanu ubudala zakhethwa kulolu cwaningo, futhi amahlumela ezimbali angu-250 avame ukuvela esihlahleni ngasinye asetshenziswa njengezinto zokuhlola.
I-Parthenocarpy ivumela izithelo ukuthi zikhule ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa, okubaluleke kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganiselwe zokumpontshelwa. Lolu cwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-parthenocarpy ivumela ukuminyana kwezithelo nokuthuthuka ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa nokufakwa komanyolo, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu. Amandla e-parthenocarpy asemandleni ayo okwandisa ukuminyana kwezithelo ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezimbi, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ikhwalithi yesivuno kanye nesivuno, ikakhulukazi lapho izinsizakalo zokumpontshelwa kwezithelo zilinganiselwe noma zingekho. Izici zemvelo ezifana nokukhanya okukhulu, isikhathi sokukhanya, izinga lokushisa, kanye nomswakama zingathinta i-parthenocarpy ebangelwa yi-2,4-D ku-kiwifruit. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivaliwe noma ezifakwe umthunzi, izinguquko ezimweni zokukhanya zingasebenzisana ne-2,4-D ukushintsha imetabolism ye-auxin endogenous, engathuthukisa noma ivimbele ukuminyana kwezithelo ze-parthenocarpic kuye ngohlobo lwesitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile kanye nomswakama endaweni elawulwayo kusiza ukugcina umsebenzi wama-hormone kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuminyana kwezithelo [39]. Izifundo zesikhathi esizayo zihlelwe ukuhlola kabanzi ukwenziwa ngcono kwezimo zemvelo (ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, kanye nomswakama) ezinhlelweni zokukhula ezilawulwayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-parthenocarpy ebangelwa yi-2,4-D ngenkathi kugcinwa ikhwalithi yezithelo. Indlela yokulawula i-parthenocarpy emvelweni isadinga uphenyo olwengeziwe. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi amazinga aphansi ka-2,4-D (5 ppm kanye no-10 ppm) angaphumelela ekubangeleni i-parthenocarpy kutamatisi futhi akhiqize izithelo ezingenambewu ezisezingeni eliphezulu [37]. Izithelo ze-Parthenocarpic azinambewu futhi zisezingeni eliphezulu, okwenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kubathengi [38]. Njengoba izinto ze-kiwifruit zokuhlola ziyisitshalo esi-dioecious, izindlela zendabuko zokungenisa impova zidinga ukungenelela ngesandla futhi zidinga umsebenzi omningi kakhulu. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, lolu cwaningo lusebenzise i-2,4-D ukuze kubangele i-parthenocarpy ku-kiwifruit, okwavimbela ngempumelelo ukufa kwezithelo okubangelwa izimbali zesifazane ezingafakwanga impova. Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonise ukuthi izithelo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D zathuthuka ngempumelelo, futhi inani lembewu lalingaphansi kakhulu kunelezithelo ezifakwe impova yokwenziwa, futhi ikhwalithi yezithelo nayo yathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukufaka i-parthenocarpy ngokwelashwa ngama-hormone kunganqoba izinkinga zokungenisa impova futhi kukhiqize izithelo ezingenambewu, okubaluleke kakhulu ekulimeni kwezentengiselwano.
Kulolu cwaningo, izindlela ze-2,4-D (2,4-D) ekuthuthukisweni kwezithelo ezingenambewu kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo se-kiwifruit saseShayina 'iDonghong' zihlolwe ngokuhlelekile. Ngokusekelwe ezifundweni zangaphambilini ezibonisa ukuthi i-2,4-D ingabangela ukwakheka kwezithelo ezingenambewu ku-kiwifruit, lolu cwaningo luhlose ukucacisa imiphumela yokulawula yokwelashwa kwe-2,4-D yangaphandle ekuthuthukisweni kwezithelo kanye nokwakheka kwekhwalithi yezithelo. Imiphumela icacise indima yabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-kiwifruit engenambewu futhi yasungula isu lokwelapha le-2,4-D elinikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sempilo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha ze-kiwifruit ezingenambewu. Lolu cwaningo lunemiphumela ebalulekile esebenzayo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusimama kwemboni ye-kiwifruit.
Lolu cwaningo lubonise ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwe-2,4-D ekubangeleni i-parthenocarpy kuhlobo lwe-kiwifruit lwaseShayina i-'Donghong'. Izici zangaphandle (kufaka phakathi isisindo sezithelo nosayizi) kanye nezimfanelo zangaphakathi (njengoshukela nokuqukethwe kwe-asidi) ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithelo kuhlolwe. Ukwelashwa nge-0.5 mg/L 2,4-D kuthuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuzwa kwesithelo ngokwandisa ubumnandi nokunciphisa i-asidi. Ngenxa yalokho, isilinganiso sikashukela/i-asidi sanda kakhulu, okwathuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithelo iyonke. Kodwa-ke, umehluko omkhulu utholakale esisindweni sezithelo kanye nokuqukethwe okomile phakathi kwezithelo eziphathwe nge-2,4-D nezitholwe ngempova. Lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-parthenocarpy kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ku-kiwifruit. Ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kungasebenza njengenye indlela yabalimi be-kiwifruit abahlose ukukhiqiza izithelo nokufeza isivuno esiphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinhlobo zesilisa (ezitholwe ngempova) kanye nokutholwa ngempova okwenziwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-02-2025