Sihlole ukwelashwa kwe-fungicide yokulawula izifo eWilliam H. Daniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Center ePurdue University eWest Lafayette, e-Indiana. Senze izivivinyo eziluhlaza ku-creeping bentgrass 'Crenshaw' kanye ne-'Pennlinks' greens.
Umfanekiso 1: Ukwelashwa nge-fungicide yaseCrenshaw bentgrass. Izicelo zokugcina zathunyelwa ngo-Agasti 30 ze-Maxtima and Traction kanye no-Agasti 23 ze-Xzemplar. Imicibisholo ikhombisa izikhathi zokufaka izinsuku ezingu-14 (i-Xzemlar) kanye nezinsuku ezingu-21 (i-Maxtima and Traction) ze-fungicide ngayinye.
Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMbasa kuya kuMandulo 29, 2023, sizosika zombili izihlahla eziluhlaza kahlanu ngesonto ngamasentimitha angu-0.135. Sisebenzise i-Excalibur (i-Aqua-Aid Solutions) engu-4 fl. Wetting agent kuzitshalo eziluhlaza ngoJuni 9 no-28. oz/1000 sq. ft. intengo ngoJulayi 20 yayingu-2.7 fl oz. oz/1000 sq. ft. ukuze sinciphise izindawo ezomile ezisendaweni.
Sabe sesifaka i-Fleet wetting agent (2.7 fl oz/1000 sq ft) ezitshalweni eziluhlaza ngomhlaka-16 Agasti ukuze sinciphise izindawo ezomile ezitholakala endaweni.
Sisebenzise uketshezi lwe-Tempo SC oluyi-9 (i-cyfluthrin, i-Envu). oz/acre kanye ne-Meridian (i-Thiamethoxam, i-Syngenta) oluyi-12 fl oz. Juni 9 oz/acre ukulawula izintuthwane. Sisebenzise umanyolo we-nitrogen ongama-0.5 lb ngoJuni 10 nangoSepthemba 2 sisebenzisa i-Country Club MD (18-3-18, eLebanon Lawn). N/1000 square feet
Ama-plot ethu okuhlola ayengamafidi angu-5 x 5 futhi aklanywa kusetshenziswa umklamo wamabhulokhi aphelele angahleliwe aneziphindaphindo ezine. Sebenzisa i-sprayer esebenzisa i-CO2 ku-50 psi kanye nama-nozzle amathathu e-TeeJet 8008 flat spray alingana namagaloni angu-2/amamitha-skwele angu-1000 amanzi.
Kuzo zombili izifundo (Isivivinyo 1 kanye nesivivinyo 2), saqala konke ukwelashwa ngoMeyi 17, isikhathi sokuphathwa kokugcina sihluka ngokwezindlela zokwelapha (Ithebula 1). Ngomhlaka-1 kuJulayi, sasebenzisa umshini wokusabalalisa ngesandla ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo okusanhlamvu kwe-rye okugcwele amabala ngesilinganiso esingu-12.5 cc ngombhede ngamunye. Sibe sesishiya okusanhlamvu kwe-rye phezu kotshani izinsuku ezine ngaphambi kokukusika.
Sihlole ubunzima bamachashaza edola ngokusekelwe enanini lezikhungo zokutheleleka endaweni. Indawo engaphansi kwejika lokuqhubeka kwesifo (AUDPC) ibalwe kusetshenziswa indlela ye-trapezoidal kusetshenziswa ifomula Σ [(yi + yi+1)/2] [ti+1 − ti], lapho i = 1,2,3, … n -1, lapho yi – isilinganiso, ti – isikhathi sesilinganiso se-i-th. Idatha yahlolwa ngokuhlukahluka kanye nokuhlukaniswa okumaphakathi (P=0.05) kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-LSD okuvikelwe yi-Fisher.
Siqale sabona umehluko ekulawulweni kwe-dollar spot phakathi kwezindawo zokwelapha ngoMeyi 31. Ngomhlaka-13 Juni, ubukhali be-dollar spot ekwelashweni kwephrojekthi babuphezulu kakhulu kunakwezinye izindlela zokwelapha (Isithombe 1). Ngokuphambene nalokho, ubukhali be-dollar spot bohlelo lwangoJulayi 20 lwango-$20 babuphansi kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
Ngomhlaka-2 Agasti, izindawo zaphathwa nge-1.3 fl ye-Traction (fluazimide, tebuconazole, Nupharm). oz/1000 sq. ft. – Intengo yezinsuku ezingama-21 ngamadola ase-US yayiphezulu kakhulu kuneyamaphasela aphathwe nge-Maxtima (fluconazole, BASF) angu-0.4 oz. oz/1000 sq. feet esikhathini esifanayo. Ngomhlaka-16 Septhemba no-28, amasonto amabili namane ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kokugcina, ngokulandelana, izindawo eziphathwe nge-Traction zazinama-spot dollar amaningi kakhulu kune-Maxtima futhi zazinamanani aphansi kakhulu e-AUDPC kunokulawula.
Siqale sabona indawo ebiza kakhulu ngoJulayi 7. Kusukela ngoJulayi 7, zonke izindawo ezelashwe zazinokuqubuka okungaphansi kokukodwa endaweni ngayinye. Kwakungekho mehluko wokwelashwa kulo lonke ucwaningo. Amanani e-AUDPC kuzo zonke izindawo ezelashwe ayephansi kakhulu kunalawo asezindaweni zokulawula ezingelashwanga (Ithebula 1).
Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Nokuxilonga iDaniel Turfgrass eNyuvesi yasePurdue sihlole ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa ngesikhunta kutshani obukhula buzimele futhi obukhula buzihambela.
Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMbasa kuya kumhla lu-1 kuMfumfu, gunda kathathu ngesonto ubude obungamasentimitha angu-0.5. Sethule i-Ference (cyantraniliprole, Syngenta) ngoJuni 30 ku-0.37 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. ukulawula amahlumela amhlophe. Ngomhla zingama-20 kuJulayi, sisebenzise i-Excalibur enomsoco ngesilinganiso esingu-2.7 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. ukuze sinciphise izindawo ezomile ezitholakala endaweni.
Sisebenzise i-Fleet moisturizing agent (Harrell's) ngomhlaka-16 Agasti endaweni engama-3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. ukuze sinciphise izindawo ezomile ezisendaweni. Sabe sesifaka amakhilogremu angu-0.75 e-nitrogen ngomhlaka-24 Meyi sisebenzisa i-Shaw (24-0-22). N/1000 sq. ft. Sep 13, 1.0 lbs. N/1000 square feet
Amasimu ayengamafidi angu-5 x 5 ngobukhulu futhi ahlelwe ngamabhulokhi aphelele angahleliwe anamakhophi amane. Sebenzisa i-sprayer esebenzisa i-CO2 ku-45 psi kanye nama-nozzle amathathu e-TeeJet 8008 flat spray alingana ne-1 gallon/1000 square feet water.
Sisebenzise okokuqala i-fungicide ngomhlaka-19 Meyi kanti okokugcina ngomhlaka-18 Agasti. Izinhlamvu ze-rye ezitheleleke nge-dollar spot pathogen zasetshenziswa ngokulinganayo ngumsabalalisi wesandla ngomhlaka-27 Juni nangomhlaka-1 Julayi ngesilinganiso esingu-11 cm3 kanye no-12 cm3 ngesiqephu ngasinye, ngokulandelana. Sibe sesishiya izinhlamvu ze-rye phezu kotshani izinsuku ezine ngaphambi kokuzisika.
Ubunzima besifo buhlolwe njalo emavikini amabili kulo lonke ucwaningo. Ubunzima besifo buhlolwe ngokuhlola ngokubonakalayo iphesenti lendawo ethintekile endaweni ngayinye. Indawo engaphansi kwejika lokucindezela kwesifo (AUDPC) ibalwe kusetshenziswa indlela ye-trapezoidal echazwe ngenhla. Idatha yahlolwa ngokuhlukahluka kanye nokuhlukaniswa okumaphakathi (P=0.05) kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-LSD okuvikelwe yi-Fisher.
Siqale sabona amabala e-dollar (<0.3% ubukhulu, izilonda ezithelelekile ezingu-0.2 endaweni ngayinye) ngoJuni 1, futhi inani lawo landa ngemva kokugonywa. Ngomhlaka-20 Julayi, izindawo zelashwa nge-Encartis (boscalid kanye ne-chlorothalonil, BASF) 3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft – izinsuku ezingu-14 kanye no-4 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. – izinsuku ezingu-28, i-Daconil Ultrex (chlorothalonil, Syngenta) 2.8 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. – izinsuku ezingu-14, izindawo zelashwa ezihleliwe zazinamabala e-dollar ambalwa kunawo wonke amanye amabala alashwayo kanye nezilawuli ezingalashwanga.
Kusukela ngoJulayi 20 kuya kuSepthemba 15, zonke izindawo eziphathwe ngemithi zazinokutheleleka okuncane kunezindawo zokulawula ezingaphathwanga. Izindawo eziphathwe nge-Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft – izinsuku eziyi-14), i-Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft – izinsuku ezingama-21) Septhemba 2, amasonto amabili ngemuva kokufakwa kokugcina (WFFA) d), i-Xzemplar (fluxapyroxad, BASF) 0.21 fl. ounce/1000 sq. ft. – izinsuku ezingama-21, i-Xzemlar (0.26 oz/1000 sq. ft. – izinsuku ezingama-21) kanye nezindawo eziphathwe ngemithi ngemithi zazinobunzima obuncane kakhulu.
Ngomhlaka-3 Agasti kanye no-16 Agasti, amanani e-Encartis kanye nezinsuku zokugcina zokufaka izicelo azizange zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekulawulweni kwe-spot dollar yase-US. Kodwa-ke, ngomhlaka-2 no-15 Septhemba (WFFA 2 no-4), izindawo zazinamathuba amaningi okwelashwa nge-Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft – izinsuku ezingu-14) kanye ne-Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft). . . – izinsuku ezingu-21) inokumelana okuphansi kwamabala e-USD kune-Encartis (4 fl oz/1000 sq ft – izinsuku ezingu-28).
Ngokuphambene nalokho, umehluko ngesilinganiso sokuphathwa kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-Xzemplar kanye ne-Maxtima awuzange uthinte kakhulu ubukhali bezindawo zama-dollar ngesikhathi socwaningo. Amazinga aphezulu okusetshenziswa kwe-Daconil Action (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft) exutshwe ne-Secure Action awazange abangele ukwehla kwezindawo zama-dollar. NgoSepthemba 2, isikhungo sokulawula ukutheleleka se-Xzemplar se-Dollar Point selaphe izindawo ezimbalwa kune-Maxtima.
Amanani e-AUDPC azo zonke izindawo eziphathwe kahle ayephansi kakhulu kunalawo ezindawo zokulawula ezingaphathwanga. Ubunzima be-Dollar spot babuphansi njalo ezigabeni kulolu hlelo kulo lonke ucwaningo, kanye namanani e-AUDPC aphansi kakhulu kuzo zonke izindlela zokwelapha.
Izindawo ezelashwe nge-Daconil Ultrex zodwa zazinamanani aphezulu e-AUDPC kunezindawo ezelashwe ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha ngaphandle kwalezo ezelashwe nge-0.5 ml Secure (fluridinium, Syngenta). oz/1000 sq. ft. – izinsuku ezingu-21) I-Daconil Action (2 fl oz/1000 sq ft) kanye ne-Secure Action (azibendazole-S-methyl kanye ne-fluazinam, Syngenta) 0.5 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. – izinsuku ezingu-21 Akukho ubuthi be-phytotoxic obubonwe kulo lonke ucwaningo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-16-2024