Sihlole ukwelashwa kwesikhunta ekulawuleni izifo e-William H. Daniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Centre e-Purdue University e-West Lafayette, e-Indiana. Senze izivivinyo eziluhlaza ku-creeping bentgrass 'Crenshaw' kanye nemifino ye-'Pennlinks'.
Umfanekiso 1: Ukwelashwa kwesikhunta seCrenshaw bentgrass. Izicelo zokugcina zathunyelwa ngo-August 30 zeMaxtima neTraction kanye no-August 23 ze-Xzemplar. Imicibisholo ibonisa izikhathi zokufaka isicelo zezinsuku ezingu-14 (Xzemlar) kanye nezinsuku ezingu-21 (i-Maxtima ne-Traction) yesibulala-sikhunta ngasinye.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1 kuya kuSepthemba 29, 2023, sizogunda kokubili okuluhlaza kahlanu ngesonto ngamayintshi angu-0.135. Sisebenzise i-4 fl. I-ejenti yokumanzisa i-Excalibur (Aqua-Aid Solutions) kukho kokubili okuluhlaza ngo-June 9 kanye no-28. oz/1000 sq. ft. intengo ngomhla ka-Julayi 20 yayingu-2.7 fl oz. oz/1000 sq. ft. ukukhawulela izindawo ezomile ezenziwe zasendaweni.
Sabe sesisebenzisa i-Fleet wetting agent (2.7 fl oz/1000 sq ft) eluhlaza ngo-Agasti 16 ukuze silinganisele izindawo ezomile ezenziwe zasendaweni.
Sisebenzise uketshezi lwe-Tempo SC oluyisi-9 (i-cyfluthrin, i-Envu). oz/acre kanye ne-Meridian (Thiamethoxam, Syngenta) 12 fl oz. Juni 9 oz/acre yokulawula izintuthwane. Sifake u-0.5 lb womanyolo we-nitrogen ngoJuni 10 nangoSepthemba 2 sisebenzisa i-Country Club MD (18-3-18, Lebanon Lawn). N/1000 izinyawo zesikwele
Iziza zethu zokuhlola beziyizinyawo ezi-5 x 5 ngosayizi futhi zaklanywa kusetshenziswa idizayini yebhulokhi engahleliwe enezimpinda ezine. Sebenzisa isifutho esinamandla e-CO2 ku-50 psi kanye nemibhobho emithathu yesifutho eyisicaba ye-TeeJet 8008 okulingana namamitha-skwele angu-2/1000 wamafidi amanzi.
Kuzo zombili izifundo (Ukuhlola 1 kanye Nokuhlola 2), siqale zonke izindlela zokwelapha ngoMeyi 17, ngesikhathi sokuphatha kokugcina sihluka kuzo zonke izindlela zokwelapha (Ithebula 1). Ngomhla lu-1 kuJulayi, sasebenzisa isisakazeli ngesandla ukuze sisabalalise ngokulinganayo okusanhlamvu kwe-rye okugcwele ama-dollar ngenani elingu-12.5 cc umbhede ngamunye. Sibe sesishiya okusanhlamvu kwe-rye phezu kotshani izinsuku ezine ngaphambi kokugunda.
Sihlole ubukhali bezindawo zamadola ngokususelwa enanini lezikhungo zokutheleleka esizeni. Indawo engaphansi kwejika lokuqhubeka kwesifo (AUDPC) yabalwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-trapezoidal kusetshenziswa ifomula Σ [(yi + yi+1)/2] [ti+1 − ti], lapho i = 1,2,3, ... n -1, lapho i-yi - rating, ti - isikhathi sesilinganiso se-i-th. Idatha ikhonjelwe ekuhlaziyweni kokuhluka kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesilinganiso (P=0.05) kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-LSD evikelwe kaFisher.
Siqale ukubona umehluko ekulawuleni indawo yamadola phakathi kwezindawo zokwelapha ngoMeyi 31st. Ngomhla ziyi-13 kuNhlangulana, ubukhali bendawo yedola ekwelashweni kwephrojekthi babuphezulu kakhulu kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha (Umfanekiso 1). Ngokuphambene, ubukhali bohlelo luka-$20 Julayi 20 babuphansi kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
Ngo-Agasti 2, izindawo zelashwa nge-1.3 fl ye-Traction (fluazimide, tebuconazole, Nupharm). oz/1000 sq. ft. – Intengo yendawo yezinsuku ezingama-21 ngamadola ase-US ibiphezulu kakhulu kunamaphasela aphathwe nge-Maxtima (fluconazole, BASF) 0.4 oz. oz/1000 sq. izinyawo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngo-September 16 no-28, amasonto amabili namane ngemva kokufaka isicelo sokugcina, ngokulandelana, iziza eziphathwe nge-Traction zazinamadola amaningi kakhulu kune-Maxtima futhi zinenani eliphansi kakhulu le-AUDPC kunokulawula.
Saqala ukubona indawo yedola ngomhlaka-7 Julayi. Kusukela ngomhlaka-7 Julayi, zonke iziza ezilashiwe zibe nokuqubuka okungaphansi kokukodwa endaweni ngayinye. Kwakungekho mehluko wokwelashwa kulo lonke ucwaningo. Amanani e-AUDPC kuzo zonke iziqephu eziphathwayo abephansi kakhulu kunalawo asezindaweni zokulawula ezingalashwanga (Ithebula 1).
Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Nokuxilonga sasePurdue University sikaDaniel Turfgrass sihlole ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwesikhunta ku-bentgrass ekhulile, emile mahhala.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1 kuya ku-Okthoba 1, gunda kathathu ngeviki ubude obungama-intshi angu-0.5. Sethule i-Ference (cyantraniliprole, Syngenta) ngoJuni 30 ngo-0.37 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. yokulawula igrub emhlophe. Ngomhla zingama-20 kuJulayi, sasebenzisa i-ejenti yokuthambisa i-Excalibur ngesilinganiso esingu-2.7 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. ukukhawulela izindawo ezomile ezenziwe zasendaweni.
Sisebenzise i-Fleet moisturizing agent (Harrell's) ngo-Agasti 16th ku-3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. ukukhawulela izindawo ezomile ezenziwe zasendaweni. Sibe sesisebenzisa u-0.75 lbs we-nitrogen ngoMeyi 24 sisebenzisa i-Shaw (24-0-22). N/1000 sq. ft. Sep 13, 1.0 lbs. N/1000 izinyawo zesikwele
Iziza zazingamafidi angu-5 x 5 ngosayizi futhi zihlelwe ngamabhulokhi aphelele angahleliwe anezimpinda ezine. Sebenzisa isifutho esinamandla e-CO2 ku-45 psi kanye nemibhobho emithathu yesifutho eyisicaba ye-TeeJet 8008 okulingana negaloni elingu-1/1000 square feet wamanzi.
Sasebenzisa isicelo sokuqala sokubulala isikhunta ngoMeyi 19th esokugcina ngo-Agasti 18. Okusanhlamvu kwe-rye okungenwe i-pathogen ye-dollar spot kwasetshenziswa ngokulinganayo ngesisakazi sesandla ngoJuni 27 noJulayi 1 ngesilinganiso esingu-11 cm3 no-12 cm3 ngesiqephu ngasinye, ngokulandelana. Sibe sesishiya okusanhlamvu kwe-rye phezu kotshani izinsuku ezine ngaphambi kokugunda.
Ukuqina kwesifo kwahlolwa njalo emavikini amabili kulo lonke ucwaningo. Ubukhulu besifo buhlolwe ngokuhlolwa okubonwayo kwephesenti lendawo ethintekile endaweni ngayinye. Indawo engaphansi kwe-curve pressure curve (AUDPC) ibalwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-trapezoidal echazwe ngenhla. Idatha ikhonjelwe ekuhlaziyweni kokuhluka kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesilinganiso (P=0.05) kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-LSD evikelwe kaFisher.
Siqale sabona izindawo zamadola (<0.3% ubunzima, izilonda ezithelelekile ezingu-0.2 endaweni ngayinye) ngoJuni 1, futhi izinombolo zabo zanda ngemva kokujova. Ngomhla zingama-20 kuJulayi, izindawo zalashwa nge-Encartis (boscalid ne-chlorothalonil, BASF) 3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft – 14 days and 4 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. – 28 days, Daconil Ultrex (chlorothalonil, Syngenta) 2.8 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. – 14 days, iziza ezilashwayo ezihleliwe zinezindawo ezimbalwa zamadola kanye neziza ezingalungiswanga.
Kusukela ngomhlaka-20 kuJulayi kuya kuSepthemba 15, zonke iziza ezilashiwe zazinezifo ezimbalwa kunezindawo zokulawula ezingalashwanga. Izindawo eziphathwe nge-Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft – 14 days), Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft – 21 days) September 2, amasonto amabili ngemva kokufaka isicelo sokugcina (WFFA) d), Xzemplar (fluxapyroxad, BASF) 0.21 fl. I-ounce/1000 sq. ft. – 21 days, Xzemlar (0.26 oz/1000 sq. ft. – 21 days) kanye nezindawo eziphathwe ngohlelo zazinobunzima obuncane bendawo yedola.
Ngomhla ka-Agasti 3 no-Agasti 16, izilinganiso ze-Encartis nezinsuku zokugcina zokufaka izicelo azizange zibe nomthelela omkhulu kuzilawuli zendawo zamadola aseMelika. Nokho, ngoSepthemba 2 no-15 (WFFA 2 no-4), amasayithi maningi amathuba okuthi zelashwe nge-Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft – 14 days) kanye ne-Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft). . . - Izinsuku ezingama-21) inokumelana ne-USD okuphansi kune-Encartis (4 fl oz/1000 sq ft - izinsuku ezingama-28).
Ngokuphambene, umehluko wezinga lokuphatha kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-Xzemplar ne-Maxtima akuzange kuthinte kakhulu ukuqina kwezindawo zamadola ngesikhathi socwaningo. Amazinga aphezulu okusebenza e-Daconil Action (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft) ahlanganiswe ne-Secure Action awazange aphumele ekwehleni kwedola. Ngomhla zi-2 kuMandulo, isikhungo se-Xzemplar sika-Dollar Point siphatha amasayithi ambalwa kune-Maxtima.
Amanani e-AUDPC azo zonke izingosi ezilashwayo abephansi kakhulu kunalawo amasayithi okulawula angalashwanga. Ubunzima bendawo yedola bebulokhu buncipha ngokuqhubekayo ezigabeni zalolu hlelo kulo lonke ucwaningo, ngamavelu ezinombolo eziphansi ze-AUDPC kukho konke ukwelashwa.
Amasayithi aphathwe nge-Daconil Ultrex kuphela ayenamanani aphezulu e-AUDPC kunezindawo eziphathwe ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha ngaphandle kwalezo eziphathwe ngo-0.5 ml Secure (i-fluridinium, i-Syngenta). oz/1000 sq. ft. – 21 days) Isenzo se-Daconil (2 fl oz/1000 sq ft) kanye ne-Secure Action (azibendazole-S-methyl ne-fluazinam, Syngenta) 0.5 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. – 21 days Akukho phytotoxicity ebonwe kulo lonke ucwaningo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-16-2024