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Izitshalo ezihlobisayo zamaqabunga ezibukeka ziluhlaza ziyaziswa kakhulu. Enye indlela yokufeza lokhu ukusebenzisa abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo njengamathuluzi okuphatha ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ucwaningo lwenziwe ku-Schefflera dwarf (isitshalo samaqabunga esihlobisayo) esiphathwe nge-foliar sprays ye-gibberellic acid kanye ne-benzyladine hormone endlini yokugezela ehlonyiswe ngohlelo lokunisela olune-mist. I-hormone yafuthwa emaqabunga e-dwarf schefflera ngamanani angu-0, 100 kanye no-200 mg/l ngezigaba ezintathu njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-15. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo se-factorial ngomklamo ongahleliwe ngokuphelele oneziphindaphindo ezine. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-gibberellic acid kanye ne-benzyladine ngamanani angu-200 mg/l kwaba nomthelela omkhulu enanini lamaqabunga, indawo yamaqabunga kanye nokuphakama kwesitshalo. Lokhu kwelashwa nakho kwaholela ekuqukweni okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-photosynthetic pigments. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo kanye noshukela oncishisiwe zabonwa nge-benzyladineni engu-100 no-200 mg/L kanye nokwelashwa kwe-gibberellin + benzyladineni engu-200 mg/L. Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kwesinyathelo kubonise ukuthi ivolumu yezimpande kwakuyi-variable yokuqala ukungena kumodeli, okuchaza u-44% wokwehluka. I-variable elandelayo kwakuyi-root mass entsha, kanti imodeli ye-bivariate ichaza u-63% wokwehluka kwenombolo yamaqabunga. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu enanini lamaqabunga wavezwa isisindo sezimpande ezintsha (0.43), esasihlobene kahle nenombolo yamaqabunga (0.47). Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-gibberellic acid kanye ne-benzyladine ekuhlungeni okungu-200 mg/l kuthuthukise kakhulu ukukhula kwesimo, ukwakheka kwe-chlorophyll kanye ne-carotenoid ye-Liriodendron tulipifera, futhi kunciphisa okuqukethwe ushukela kanye nama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo.
I-Schefflera arborescens (Hayata) I-Merr iyisitshalo sokuhlobisa esihlala siluhlaza somndeni wakwa-Araliaceae, esidabuka eShayina naseTaiwan1. Lesi sitshalo sivame ukukhuliswa njengesitshalo sasekhaya, kodwa isitshalo esisodwa kuphela esingakhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo. Amaqabunga anamapheshana asukela ku-5 kuya ku-16, ngalinye lingama-10-20 cm2 ubude. I-Schefflera encane ithengiswa ngobuningi njalo ngonyaka, kodwa izindlela zesimanje zokulima azivamile ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo njengamathuluzi okuphatha asebenzayo ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kanye nokukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwemikhiqizo yezitshalo kudinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Namuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo kukhule kakhulu3,4,5. I-Gibberellic acid iwumlawuli wokukhula kwezitshalo ongakhulisa isivuno sezitshalo6. Omunye wemiphumela yayo eyaziwayo ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo, okuhlanganisa ukunwebeka kwesiqu nezimpande kanye nokwanda kwendawo yamaqabunga7. Umphumela obaluleke kakhulu wama-gibberellins ukwanda kokuphakama kwesiqu ngenxa yokwandiswa kwama-internode. Ukufutha ama-gibberellin ngamahlamvu ezitshalweni ezincane ezingakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-gibberellin kuphumela ekwandeni kobude besiqu kanye nokuphakama kwesitshalo8. Ukufutha amahlamvu ngamahlamvu nge-gibberellic acid nge-500 mg/l kungandisa ukuphakama kwesitshalo, inani, ububanzi kanye nobude bamaqabunga9. Ama-gibberellin kubikwe ukuthi akhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezinamahlamvu abanzi10. Ukufutha amahlamvu kwabonakala ku-Scots pine (Pinussylvestris) kanye ne-white spruce (Piceaglauca) lapho amaqabunga efuthwa nge-gibberellic acid11.
Ucwaningo olulodwa luhlole imiphumela yabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo abathathu be-cytokinin ekwakhekeni kwegatsha eliseceleni ku-Lily officinalis. Ukuhlolwa kokugoba kwenziwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo ukuze kufundwe imiphumela yesizini. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-kinetin, i-benzyladineni kanye ne-2-prenyladineni akuzange kuthinte ukwakheka kwamagatsha engeziwe. Kodwa-ke, i-500 ppm benzyladineni yaholela ekwakhekeni kwamagatsha angaphansi angu-12.2 kanye no-8.2 ekuhlolweni kwekwindla nasentwasahlobo, ngokulandelana, uma kuqhathaniswa namagatsha angu-4.9 kanye no-3.9 ezitshalweni zokulawula. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukwelashwa kwasehlobo kusebenza kakhulu kunalawo asebusika12. Kokunye ukuhlola, izitshalo ze-Peace Lily var. Tassone zaphathwa nge-benzyladineni engu-0, 250 kanye no-500 ppm ezitsheni ezinobubanzi obungu-10 cm. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi kwandise kakhulu inani lamaqabunga engeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo eziphathwe ngokulawula kanye ne-benzyladineni. Amaqabunga amasha engeziwe abonwe emavikini amane ngemuva kokwelashwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga okuphezulu kwabonwa emavikini ayisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokwelashwa. Emasontweni angama-20 ngemva kokwelashwa, izitshalo eziphathwe ngenhlabathi zazinokuphakama okuncane kunezitshalo eziphathwe ngaphambilini13. Kubikwe ukuthi i-benzyladineni ekugxilweni okungu-20 mg/L ingakhuphula kakhulu ukuphakama kwesitshalo kanye nenani lamaqabunga ku-Croton 14. Ku-calla lilies, i-benzyladineni ekugxilweni okungu-500 ppm yabangela ukwanda kwenani lamagatsha, kuyilapho inani lamagatsha lalilincane eqenjini lokulawula15. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuphenya ngokufafazwa kwe-gibberellic acid kanye ne-benzyladine ngamahlamvu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwe-Schefflera dwarfa, isitshalo samaqabunga esihlobisayo. Laba balawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo bangasiza abalimi bezentengiselwano ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa okufanele unyaka wonke. Azikho izifundo ezenziwe ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwe-Liriodendron tulipifera.
Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe endaweni yokucwaninga izitshalo zangaphakathi e-Islamic Azad University eJiloft, e-Iran. Ukufakelwa kwezimpande ezincane ze-Schefflera okufana nokwe-uniform okunokuphakama okungu-25±5 cm kwalungiswa (kwasakazwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuhlolwa) futhi kwahlwanyelwa ezitsheni. Imbiza iyipulasitiki, imnyama, inobubanzi obungu-20 cm kanye nokuphakama okungu-30 cm16.
Indawo yokulima kulolu cwaningo kwakuyingxube ye-peat, i-humus, isihlabathi esihlanziwe kanye ne-rice husk ngesilinganiso esingu-1:1:1:1 (ngomthamo)16. Beka ungqimba lwamatshe amancane phansi kwebhodwe ukuze kukhishwe amanzi. Amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile emini nasebusuku endlini eluhlaza ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasehlobo ayengu-32±2°C kanye no-28±2°C, ngokulandelana. Umswakama ohlobene ufinyelela ku->70%. Sebenzisa uhlelo lokufiphaza ukunisela. Ngokwesilinganiso, izitshalo ziniselwa izikhathi ezingu-12 ngosuku. Ekwindla nasehlobo, isikhathi sokunisela ngakunye siyimizuzu engu-8, kanti isikhathi esiphakathi kokunisela siyihora eli-1. Izitshalo zakhuliswa ngokufanayo izikhathi ezine, amasonto angu-2, 4, 6 kanye no-8 ngemva kokuhlwanyela, ngesisombululo sezakhamzimba ezincane (iGhoncheh Co., e-Iran) ekugxilweni okungu-3 ppm futhi ziniselwa nge-100 ml yesisombululo isikhathi ngasinye. Isixazululo sezakhamzimba siqukethe i-N 8 ppm, P 4 ppm, K 5 ppm kanye nezakhi zokulandelela i-Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Mo kanye ne-B.
Amazinga amathathu e-gibberellic acid kanye ne-benzyladineni yokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo (ethengwe ku-Sigma) alungiswa ku-0, 100 kanye no-200 mg/L futhi afuthwa emahlumela ezitshalo ngezigaba ezintathu ngesikhawu sezinsuku ezingu-15. Phakathi kuka-20 (0.1%) (ethengwe ku-Sigma) kwasetshenziswa esixazululweni sokwandisa isikhathi sayo sokuphila kanye nesilinganiso sokumuncwa. Ekuseni kakhulu, fafaza ama-hormone emahlumela nasemaqabungeni e-Liriodendron tulipifera usebenzisa umshini wokufutha. Izitshalo zifuthwa ngamanzi acwengekile.
Ukuphakama kwesitshalo, ububanzi besiqu, indawo yamaqabunga, okuqukethwe yi-chlorophyll, inani lama-internode, ubude bamagatsha esibili, inani lamagatsha esibili, ivolumu yempande, ubude bempande, isisindo samaqabunga, impande, isiqu kanye nezinto ezintsha ezomile, okuqukethwe yimibala ye-photosynthetic (i-chlorophyll a, i-chlorophyll b) I-chlorophyll iyonke, ama-carotenoid, imibala iyonke), ushukela oncishisiwe kanye nama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo alinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha.
Okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll kwamaqabunga amancane kwalinganiswa ezinsukwini ezingu-180 ngemva kokufutha kusetshenziswa imitha ye-chlorophyll (Spad CL-01) kusukela ngo-9:30 kuya ku-10 ekuseni (ngenxa yokusha kwamaqabunga). Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yamaqabunga yalinganiswa ezinsukwini ezingu-180 ngemva kokufutha. Kala amaqabunga amathathu kusukela phezulu, maphakathi kanye naphansi kwesiqu esivela ebhodweni ngalinye. Lawa maqabunga abe esesetshenziswa njengezifanekiso ephepheni le-A4 bese iphethini elivelayo liyasikwa. Isisindo kanye nendawo engaphezulu kwephepha elilodwa le-A4 nakho kwalinganiswa. Bese kubalwa indawo yamaqabunga afakwe i-stencil kusetshenziswa izilinganiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivolumu yempande yanqunywa kusetshenziswa isilinda esiphothuliwe. Isisindo seqabunga elomile, isisindo esomile sesiqu, isisindo esomile sezimpande, kanye nesisindo esomile sesampula ngayinye kwalinganiswa ngokomiswa kwehhavini ku-72°C amahora angu-48.
Okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll kanye ne-carotenoids kwalinganiswa ngendlela ye-Lichtenthaler18. Ukuze kwenziwe lokhu, u-0.1 g wamaqabunga amasha wagaywa ku-porcelain mortar equkethe u-15 ml we-acetone engu-80%, kwathi ngemva kokuhlunga, ubuningi bawo obubonakalayo balinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-spectrophotometer kuma-wavelength angu-663.2, 646.8 kanye no-470 nm. Linganisa idivayisi usebenzisa i-acetone engu-80%. Bala ukuhlushwa kwama-pigment e-photosynthetic usebenzisa i-equation elandelayo:
Phakathi kwazo, i-Chl a, i-Chl b, i-Chl T kanye ne-Car zimele i-chlorophyll a, i-chlorophyll b, i-chlorophyll iyonke kanye nama-carotenoids, ngokulandelana. Imiphumela yethulwa esitshalweni se-mg/ml.
Ukunciphisa ushukela kwalinganiswa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-Somogy19. Ukuze kwenziwe lokhu, amahlumela ezitshalo angu-0.02 g agaywa ebhodweni le-porcelain kanye nama-10 ml amanzi acwengekile bese ethelwa engilazini encane. Shisa ingilazi ize ibile bese uhlunga okuqukethwe kwayo usebenzisa iphepha lokuhlunga le-Whatman No. 1 ukuze uthole i-plant extract. Dlulisa ama-2 ml e-extract ngayinye ebhodweni lokuhlola bese ufaka ama-2 ml esisombululo se-copper sulfate. Mboza i-test tube ngoboya bekotini bese uyifudumeza emanzini okugeza ku-100°C imizuzu engama-20. Kulesi sigaba, i-Cu2+ iguqulwa ibe yi-Cu2O ngokunciphisa ama-aldehyde monosaccharides bese kubonakala umbala we-salmon (umbala we-terracotta) phansi kwe-test tube. Ngemva kokuba i-test tube isipholile, engeza ama-2 ml e-phosphomolybdic acid bese kuvela umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Nciphisa i-tube ngamandla kuze kube yilapho umbala usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke i-tube. Funda ukumuncwa kwesisombululo ku-600 nm usebenzisa i-spectrophotometer.
Bala ukuhlushwa kokunciphisa ushukela usebenzisa ijika elijwayelekile. Ukuhlushwa kwama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo kunqunywe ngendlela ye-Fales20. Ukuze kwenziwe lokhu, i-0.1 g yamahlumela ixutshwe ne-2.5 ml ye-ethanol engu-80% ku-90 °C imizuzu engama-60 (izigaba ezimbili zemizuzu engama-30 ngasinye) ukukhipha ama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo. I-extract ibe isihlungwa bese utshwala buyahwamuka. I-precipitate ephumayo iyancibilika ku-2.5 ml wamanzi ancibilikisiwe. Thela ama-200 ml esampula ngayinye epayipini lokuhlola bese ufaka ama-5 ml e-anthrone indicator. Ingxube ibekwe emanzini okugeza ku-90 °C imizuzu eyi-17, kwathi ngemva kokupholisa, ukumuncwa kwayo kwanqunywa ku-625 nm.
Ukuhlolwa kwakuwukuhlolwa kwe-factorial okusekelwe kumklamo ongahleliwe ngokuphelele oneziphindaphindo ezine. Inqubo ye-PROC UNIVARIATE isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukujwayelekile kokusatshalaliswa kwedatha ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa kokuhlukahluka. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwaqala ngokuhlaziywa kwezibalo okuchazayo ukuqonda ikhwalithi yedatha eluhlaza eqoqwe. Izibalo zenzelwe ukwenza lula nokucindezela amasethi amakhulu edatha ukuze kube lula ukuwahumusha. Ukuhlaziywa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwenziwa kamuva. Ukuhlolwa kukaDuncan kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS (inguqulo 24; i-IBM Corporation, i-Armonk, i-NY, i-USA) ukubala izikwele ezimaphakathi namaphutha okuhlola ukuze kunqunywe umehluko phakathi kwamasethi edatha. Ukuhlolwa okuningi kukaDuncan (i-DMRT) kwasetshenziswa ukuhlonza umehluko phakathi kwezindlela ezingeni lokubaluleka elingu-(0.05 ≤ p). I-Pearson correlation coefficient (r) yabalwa kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS (inguqulo 26; i-IBM Corp., i-Armonk, i-NY, i-USA) ukuhlola ukuhlangana phakathi kwamapharamitha ahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla okuqondile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS (v.26) ukubikezela amanani eziguquguquko zonyaka wokuqala ngokusekelwe kumanani eziguquguquko zonyaka wesibili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo nge-p < 0.01 kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale izici ezithinta kakhulu amaqabunga e-dwarf schefflera. Ukuhlaziywa kwendlela kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale imiphumela eqondile nengaqondile yesici ngasinye kumodeli (ngokusekelwe ezicini ezichaza kangcono ukwehluka). Zonke izibalo ezingenhla (ukuvamile kokusatshalaliswa kwedatha, i-coefficient elula yokuxhumana, ukuhlehla kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwendlela) kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-SPSS V.26.
Amasampula ezitshalo ezikhethiwe ezitshaliwe ayehambisana neziqondiso ezifanele zezikhungo, zezwe kanye nezamazwe ngamazwe kanye nomthetho wasekhaya wase-Iran.
Ithebula 1 likhombisa izibalo ezichazayo zesilinganiso, ukuphambuka okujwayelekile, ubuncane, ubukhulu, ububanzi, kanye ne-phenotypic coefficient of variation (CV) yezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwalezi zibalo, i-CV ivumela ukuqhathaniswa kwezimfanelo ngoba ayinayo i-dimension. Ukunciphisa ushukela (40.39%), isisindo esomile sezimpande (37.32%), isisindo esisha sezimpande (37.30%), isilinganiso sikashukela noshukela (30.20%) kanye nevolumu yezimpande (30%) yizona eziphakeme kakhulu. kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll (9.88%). ) kanye nendawo yamaqabunga kune-index ephezulu kakhulu (11.77%) futhi kunenani eliphansi kakhulu le-CV. Ithebula 1 libonisa ukuthi isisindo esimanzi esiphelele sinebanga eliphakeme kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sici asinayo i-CV ephezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izilinganiso ezingenayo i-dimension njenge-CV kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuqhathanisa izinguquko zezimfanelo. I-CV ephezulu ikhombisa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokwelashwa kwalesi sici. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibonise umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokwelashwa okunoshukela ophansi esisindweni esomile sezimpande, isisindo esisha sezimpande, isilinganiso sama-carbohydrate noshukela, kanye nezici zevolumu yezimpande.
Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kokwehluka ibonise ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, ukufafaza amahlamvu nge-gibberellic acid kanye ne-benzyladine kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuphakameni kwesitshalo, inani lamaqabunga, indawo yamaqabunga, ivolumu yezimpande, ubude bezimpande, inkomba ye-chlorophyll, isisindo esisha kanye nesisindo esomile.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamanani aphakathi kubonise ukuthi abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo babe nomthelela omkhulu ekuphakameni kwesitshalo kanye nenani lamaqabunga. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu kwakuyi-gibberellic acid ekugxilweni okungu-200 mg/l kanye ne-gibberellic acid + benzyladine ekugxilweni okungu-200 mg/l. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kanye nenani lamaqabunga kukhuphuke ngezikhathi ezingu-32.92 kanye nezikhathi ezingu-62.76, ngokulandelana (Ithebula 2).
Indawo yamaqabunga ikhuphuke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, kanye nokwanda okuphezulu okubonwe ku-200 mg/l kwe-gibberellic acid, kufinyelela ku-89.19 cm2. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi indawo yamaqabunga ikhuphuke kakhulu ngokukhulisa ukuhlushwa kwesilawuli sokukhula (Ithebula 2).
Zonke izindlela zokwelapha zandise kakhulu ivolumu yezimpande nobude uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula. Inhlanganisela ye-gibberellic acid + benzyladine ibe nomphumela omkhulu, yandisa ivolumu nobude bempande ngesigamu uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula (Ithebula 2).
Amanani aphezulu kakhulu obubanzi besiqu kanye nobude be-internode abonwe ekwelashweni kokulawula kanye ne-gibberellic acid + benzyladine 200 mg/l, ngokulandelana.
Inkomba ye-chlorophyll ikhuphuke kuzo zonke izinhlobo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lalesi sici labonwa lapho kwelashwa nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladine 200 mg/l, okwakuphakeme ngo-30.21% kunokulawula (Ithebula 2).
Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ukwelashwa kuholele ekuhlukeni okukhulu kokuqukethwe kombala, ukwehla koshukela kanye nama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo.
Ukwelashwa nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladine kuholele ekuqukweni okuphezulu kwama-pigment e-photosynthetic. Lesi sibonakaliso sasiphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo kunasesilinganisweni sokulawula.
Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi zonke izindlela zokwelapha zingakhuphula okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll kwe-Schefflera dwarf. Kodwa-ke, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lalesi sici labonwa ekwelashweni nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladine, okwakuphakeme ngo-36.95% kunokulawula (Ithebula 3).
Imiphumela ye-chlorophyll b yayifana ngokuphelele nemiphumela ye-chlorophyll a, umehluko kuphela kwaba ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll b, okwakuphakeme ngo-67.15% kunokulawula (Ithebula 3).
Ukwelashwa kwaholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwe-chlorophyll iyonke uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa. Ukwelashwa nge-gibberellic acid engu-200 mg/l + benzyladineni engu-100 mg/l kwaholela enanini eliphezulu kakhulu lalesi sici, okwakuphezulu ngo-50% kunokulawulwa (Ithebula 3). Ngokwemiphumela, ukulawula nokwelashwa nge-benzyladine ngomthamo ongu-100 mg/l kwaholela enanini eliphezulu kakhulu lalesi sici. I-Liriodendron tulipifera inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-carotenoid (Ithebula 3).
Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi lapho kwelashwa nge-gibberellic acid ekuhlungeni okungu-200 mg/L, okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll kwanda kakhulu kwaba yi-chlorophyll b (Isithombe 1).
Umphumela we-gibberellic acid kanye ne-benzyladenine ku-a/b Ch. Ukulingana kwe-dwarf schefflera. (GA3: gibberellic acid kanye ne-BA: benzyladenine). Izinhlamvu ezifanayo esithombeni ngasinye azibonisi mehluko obalulekile (P < 0.01).
Umphumela wokwelashwa ngakunye esisindweni esisha nesomile sezinkuni ze-dwarf schefflera wawuphakeme kakhulu kunowokulawula. I-Gibberellic acid + benzyladineni ngesilinganiso esingu-200 mg/l kwaba ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu, okwandisa isisindo esisha ngo-138.45% uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, konke ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwe-100 mg/L benzyladine kwandise kakhulu isisindo esomile sesitshalo, kanti i-gibberellic acid + benzyladineni engu-200 mg/L yabangela inani eliphakeme kakhulu lalesi sici (Ithebula 4).
Iningi lezinhlobo lihluke kakhulu kulawulo kulokhu, ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu angama-100 kanye nama-200 mg/l e-benzyladine kanye nama-200 mg/l e-gibberellic acid + benzyladine (Isithombe 2).
Ithonya le-gibberellic acid kanye ne-benzyladine esilinganisweni sama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo kanye noshukela oncishisiwe ku-dwarf schefflera. (GA3: i-gibberellic acid kanye ne-BA: i-benzyladine). Izinhlamvu ezifanayo esithombeni ngasinye azibonisi mehluko obalulekile (P < 0.01).
Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kwesinyathelo kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale izimfanelo zangempela nokuqonda kangcono ubudlelwano phakathi kweziguquguquko ezizimele nenombolo yamaqabunga ku-Liriodendron tulipifera. Umthamo wempande wawuyiguquguquko yokuqala efakwe kumodeli, echaza u-44% wokwehluka. Ukwehluka okulandelayo kwakuyisisindo sempande entsha, futhi lezi ziguquguquko ezimbili zachaza u-63% wokwehluka kwenombolo yamaqabunga (Ithebula 5).
Ukuhlaziywa kwendlela kwenziwe ukuze kuchazwe kangcono ukuhlehla kwesinyathelo (Ithebula 6 kanye noMfanekiso 3). Umphumela omuhle kakhulu enanini lamaqabunga uhlotshaniswa nesisindo sezimpande ezintsha (0.43), esasihlotshaniswa kahle nenombolo yamaqabunga (0.47). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lesi sici sithinta ngqo isivuno, kuyilapho umphumela waso ongaqondile ngezinye izici uncane, nokuthi lesi sici singasetshenziswa njengesici sokukhetha ezinhlelweni zokuzalanisa ze-dwarf schefflera. Umphumela oqondile wevolumu yezimpande wawungemuhle (−0.67). Ithonya lalesi sici enanini lamaqabunga liqondile, ithonya elingaqondile alibalulekile. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lapho ivolumu yezimpande inkulu, inani lamaqabunga lincane.
Isithombe 4 sibonisa izinguquko ekubuyeleni emuva okuqondile kwevolumu yezimpande kanye nokunciphisa ushukela. Ngokusho kwe-coefficient yokubuyisela emuva, ushintsho lweyunithi ngayinye kubude bezimpande kanye nama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo kusho ukuthi ivolumu yezimpande kanye nokunciphisa ushukela kuyashintsha ngamayunithi angu-0.6019 kanye no-0.311.
I-Pearson correlation coefficient yezimpawu zokukhula iboniswe ku-Figure 5. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi inani lamaqabunga nokuphakama kwesitshalo (0.379*) kwakunobudlelwano obuhle kakhulu nokubaluleka.
Imephu yokushisa yobudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kuma-coefficients okuhambisana nesilinganiso sokukhula. # Y Axis: 1-Index Ch., 2-Internode, 3-LAI, 4-N yamaqabunga, 5-Ukuphakama kwemilenze, 6-Ububanzi besiqu. # Eceleni kwe-X axis: A – Inkomba H, B – ibanga phakathi kwama-node, C – LAI, D – N. yeqabunga, E – ukuphakama kwemilenze, F – ububanzi besiqu.
I-Pearson correlation coefficient yezimfanelo ezihlobene nesisindo esimanzi iboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Imiphumela ikhombisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwesisindo esimanzi samaqabunga kanye nesisindo esomile esingaphezu komhlabathi (0.834**), isisindo esomile esiphelele (0.913**) kanye nesisindo esomile sezimpande (0.562*). . Isisindo esomile esiphelele sinobudlelwano obuhle obuphezulu nobubaluleke kakhulu nesisindo esomile samahlumela (0.790**) kanye nesisindo esomile sezimpande (0.741**).
Imephu yokushisa yobudlelwano phakathi kwezinguquko ze-coefficient yokuhambisana kwesisindo esisha. # I-axis Y: 1 – isisindo samaqabunga amasha, 2 – isisindo samahlumela amasha, 3 – isisindo sezimpande ezintsha, 4 – isisindo esiphelele samaqabunga amasha. # I-axis X: A – isisindo samaqabunga amasha, B – isisindo samahlumela amasha, CW – isisindo sezimpande ezintsha, D – isisindo esiphelele esisha.
Ama-coefficients okuhlobana kwe-Pearson wezimfanelo ezihlobene nesisindo esomile aboniswe ku-Figure 7. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi isisindo esomile samaqabunga, isisindo esomile samahlumela (0.848**) kanye nesisindo esomile esiphelele (0.947**), isisindo esomile samahlumela (0.854**) kanye nesisindo esomile esiphelele (0.781**) zinamanani aphezulu kakhulu okuxhumana okuhle kanye nokuhlobana okubalulekile.
Imephu yokushisa yobudlelwano phakathi kwezinguquko ze-coefficient yokuhambisana kwesisindo esomile. # I-axis Y imele: isisindo esomile seqabunga eli-1, isisindo esomile samahlumela ama-2, isisindo esomile sezimpande ezi-3, isisindo esomile esiphelele esingu-4. # I-axis X: Isisindo esomile seqabunga eli-A, isisindo esomile se-B, isisindo esomile sezimpande ze-CW, isisindo esomile esiphelele esingu-D.
I-Pearson correlation coefficient yezakhiwo ze-pigment iboniswe ku-Figure 8. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b (0.716**), i-chlorophyll iyonke (0.968**) kanye nemibala iyonke (0.954**); i-chlorophyll b kanye ne-chlorophyll iyonke (0.868**) kanye nemibala iyonke (0.851**); i-chlorophyll iyonke inobuhlobo obuhle kakhulu nobubalulekile nama-pigment iyonke (0.984**).
Imephu yokushisa yobudlelwano phakathi kwezinguquko ze-chlorophyll correlation coefficient. # Ama-axis ka-Y: 1- Isiteshi a, 2- Isiteshi. b,3 – isilinganiso se-a/b, iziteshi ezi-4. Isiyonke, ama-carotenoid ama-5, ama-pigment ayi-6. # Ama-X-Axes: A-Ch. aB-Ch. isiyonke se-b, C-a/b, D-Ch. Okuqukethwe okuphelele, ama-E-carotenoid, F-isivuno sama-pigment.
I-Dwarf Schefflera iyisitshalo sasekhaya esidumile emhlabeni wonke, futhi ukukhula kwayo nokukhula kwayo kuthola ukunakwa okukhulu kulezi zinsuku. Ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo kuholele ekuhlukeni okukhulu, lapho zonke izindlela zokwelapha zandisa ukuphakama kwesitshalo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula. Nakuba ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuvame ukulawulwa ngokwezakhi zofuzo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo kungakhuphula noma kunciphise ukuphakama kwesitshalo. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kanye nenani lamaqabunga aphathwe nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladinene 200 mg/L kwakuphakeme kakhulu, kufinyelela ku-109 cm kanye no-38.25, ngokulandelana. Ngokuhambisana nezifundo zangaphambilini (SalehiSardoei et al.52) kanye ne-Spathiphyllum23, ukwanda okufanayo kokuphakama kwesitshalo ngenxa yokwelashwa nge-gibberellic acid kwabonwa kuma-marigolds asebhodweni, i-albus alba21, i-daylilies22, i-daylilies, i-agarwood kanye ne-peace lilies.
I-Gibberellic acid (GA) idlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezahlukene zomzimba zezitshalo. Ivuselela ukuhlukana kwamaseli, ukunwebeka kwamaseli, ukunwebeka kwesiqu kanye nokwanda kosayizi24. I-GA ibangela ukuhlukana kwamaseli kanye nokunwebeka kuma-apice amahlumela kanye nama-meristems25. Izinguquko zamahlamvu zifaka phakathi ukujiya kwesiqu okunciphile, usayizi omncane wamahlamvu, kanye nombala oluhlaza okhanyayo26. Izifundo ezisebenzisa izici zokuvimbela noma zokuvuselela zibonise ukuthi ama-ion e-calcium avela emithonjeni yangaphakathi asebenza njengezithunywa zesibili endleleni yokubonisana ye-gibberellin ku-sorghum corolla27. I-HA yandisa ubude besitshalo ngokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwama-enzyme abangela ukukhululeka kodonga lwamaseli, njenge-XET noma i-XTH, ama-expansins kanye ne-PME28. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaseli akhule njengoba udonga lwamaseli lukhululeka futhi amanzi engena esitokisini29. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-GA7, i-GA3 kanye ne-GA4 kungandisa ukunwebeka kwesiqu30,31. I-Gibberellic acid ibangela ukunwebeka kwesiqu ezitshalweni ezincane, kanye nasezitshalweni ze-rosette, i-GA ibambezela ukukhula kwamaqabunga kanye nokunwebeka kwama-internode32. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuzala, ubude besiqu buyanda bube ukuphakama okuphindwe ka-4-5 ekuqaleni. Inqubo yokwenziwa kwe-GA ezitshalweni ifingqiwe kuMfanekiso 9.
Ukwenziwa kwe-GA ezitshalweni kanye namazinga e-GA ephilayo esebenzayo, ukumelwa kwezitshalo (kwesokudla) kanye ne-GA biosynthesis (kwesobunxele). Imicibisholo inemibala ehambisana nesimo se-HA esiboniswe endleleni yokwenziwa kwe-biosynthesis; imicibisholo ebomvu ikhombisa amazinga e-GC anciphile ngenxa yendawo ezithweni zezitshalo, kanti imicibisholo emnyama ikhombisa amazinga e-GC akhuphukile. Ezitshalweni eziningi, njengelayisi nekhabe, okuqukethwe kwe-GA kuphakeme esisekelweni noma engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-GA esebenzayo kuyancipha njengoba amaqabunga ekhula kusukela esisekelweni. Amazinga aqondile e-gibberellins kulezi zimo awaziwa.
Abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo nabo banomthelela omkhulu enanini kanye nendawo yamaqabunga. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ukwandisa ukuhlushwa kwesilawuli sokukhula kwezitshalo kuholele ekwandeni okukhulu kwendawo kanye nenani lamaqabunga. I-Benzyladine ibikwe ukuthi yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga e-calla15. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yalolu cwaningo, zonke izindlela zokwelapha zithuthukise indawo kanye nenani lamaqabunga. I-Gibberellic acid + i-benzyladineni kwakuwukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu futhi kwaholela enanini kanye nendawo enkulu yamaqabunga. Lapho kutshalwa ama-dwarf schefflera ngaphakathi, kungase kube nokwanda okuphawulekayo enanini lamaqabunga.
Ukwelashwa kwe-GA3 kwandise ubude be-internode uma kuqhathaniswa ne-benzyladine (BA) noma kungekho ukwelashwa kwe-hormone. Lo mphumela unengqondo uma ubheka indima ye-GA ekukhuthazeni ukukhula7. Ukukhula kwesiqu nakho kubonise imiphumela efanayo. I-Gibberellic acid yandise ubude besiqu kodwa yehlisa ububanzi baso. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-BA ne-GA3 kwandise kakhulu ubude besiqu. Lokhu kwanda kwakuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo eziphathwe nge-BA noma ngaphandle kwe-hormone. Nakuba i-gibberellic acid kanye ne-cytokinins (CK) ngokuvamile zikhuthaza ukukhula kwesitshalo, kwezinye izimo zinemiphumela ephikisanayo ezinqubweni ezahlukene35. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisana okungekuhle kwabonwa ekwandeni kobude be-hypocotyl ezitshalweni eziphathwe nge-GA kanye ne-BA36. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-BA yandise kakhulu ivolumu yezimpande (Ithebula 1). Ukwanda kwevolumu yezimpande ngenxa ye-BA yangaphandle kubikwe ezitshalweni eziningi (isb. izinhlobo ze-Dendrobium kanye ne-Orchid)37,38.
Zonke izindlela zokwelapha ngamahomoni zandise inani lamaqabunga amasha. Ukwanda kwemvelo kwendawo yamaqabunga kanye nobude besiqu ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezihlanganisiwe kuyafiseleka kwezentengiselwano. Inani lamaqabunga amasha liyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokukhula kwezitshalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni angaphandle akuzange kusetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kwezentengiselwano kwe-Liriodendron tulipifera. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela ekhuthaza ukukhula kwe-GA kanye ne-CK, esetshenziswa ngokulinganisela, inganikeza ukuqonda okusha ekuthuthukiseni ukutshalwa kwalesi sitshalo. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi umphumela wokubambisana wokwelashwa kwe-BA + GA3 wawuphakeme kunowe-GA noma i-BA enikezwa yodwa. I-Gibberellic acid yandisa inani lamaqabunga amasha. Njengoba amaqabunga amasha ekhula, ukwandisa inani lamaqabunga amasha kunganciphisa ukukhula kwamaqabunga39. I-GA ibikwe ukuthi ithuthukisa ukuthuthwa kwe-sucrose kusuka ezitsheni kuya ezithweni zomthombo40,41. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-GA ngaphandle kwezitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwezitho zezitshalo ezifana namaqabunga nezimpande, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukushintshela ekukhuleni kwezitshalo kuya ekukhuleni kokuzala42.
Umphumela we-GA ekwandiseni izinto ezomile zesitshalo ungachazwa ngokwanda kwe-photosynthesis ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo yamaqabunga43. I-GA ibikwe ukuthi ibangela ukwanda kwendawo yamaqabunga oMmbila34. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ukwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-BA ku-200 mg/L kungandisa ubude nenani lamagatsha esibili kanye nomthamo wezimpande. I-Gibberellic acid ithonya izinqubo zamaseli njengokukhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli nokwandiswa kwawo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwezitshalo43. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-HA yandisa udonga lwamaseli ngokufaka isitashi kushukela, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise amandla amanzi eseli, okubangela amanzi ukuthi angene esitokisini futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekukhuleni kwamaseli44.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-08-2024