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Izitshalo ezihlobisayo ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza ziyaziswa kakhulu.Enye indlela yokufeza lokhu ukusebenzisaizilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalonjengamathuluzi okuphatha ukukhula kwezitshalo.Ucwaningo lwenziwa ku-Schefflera dwarf (isitshalo esinamaqabunga okuhlobisa) esiphathwa ngezifutho zamaqabunga.i-gibberellik acidkanye ne-hormone ye-benzyladenine ku-greenhouse efakwe uhlelo lokunisela lwenkungu.I-hormone yafuthwa emaqabunga e-schefflera encane ekugxilweni kuka-0, 100 no-200 mg/l ngezigaba ezintathu njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-15.Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo somklamo ohleliwe ngokuphelele ngokuphindaphinda okune.Inhlanganisela ye-gibberellic acid kanye ne-benzyladenine ekuhlanganiseni kuka-200 mg/l kube nomthelela omkhulu enanini lamaqabunga, indawo yamaqabunga kanye nobude besitshalo.Lokhu kwelashwa kuphinde kwaholela ekuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwezingulube ze-photosynthetic.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo kanye nokunciphisa ushukela kwabonwa nge-benzyladenine ku-100 no-200 mg/L kanye ne-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine ku-200 mg/L.Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kwe-Stepwise kubonise ukuthi umthamo wezimpande wawuwukuguquguquka kokuqala ukufaka imodeli, kuchaza u-44% wokuhluka.Okuguquguqukayo okulandelayo kwakuyisisindo sezimpande esisha, imodeli ye-bivariate ichaza u-63% wokwehluka kwenombolo yeqabunga.Umthelela omuhle kakhulu enombolweni yeqabunga wenziwe isisindo esisha sempande (0.43), esasihlotshaniswa kahle nenombolo yeqabunga (0.47).Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-gibberellic acid kanye ne-benzyladenine ekuhlanganiseni kwe-200 mg / l kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukukhula kwe-morphological, i-chlorophyll kanye ne-carotenoid synthesis ye-Liriodendron tulipifera, futhi yanciphisa okuqukethwe ushukela nama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo.
I-Schefflera arborescens (i-Hayata) i-Merr isitshalo sokuhlobisa esihlala siluhlaza somndeni wakwa-Araliaceae, odabuka eChina naseTaiwan1.Lesi sitshalo sivame ukutshalwa njengesitshalo sasendlini, kodwa isitshalo esisodwa kuphela esingakhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo.Amaqabunga anamapheshana asuka ku-5 kuye kwayi-16, ngalinye linobude obuyi-10-20 cm2.I-Dwarf Schefflera ithengiswa ngamanani amakhulu minyaka yonke, kodwa izindlela zesimanje zokulima azivamile ukusetshenziswa.Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo njengamathuluzi okuphatha asebenzayo okuthuthukisa ukukhula nokukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwemikhiqizo ye-horticultural kudinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe.Namuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo kuye kwanda kakhulu3,4,5.I-Gibberellic acid iyisilawuli sokukhula kwezitshalo esingakhuphula isivuno sezitshalo6.Omunye wemiphumela yako eyaziwayo ukukhuthazwa kokukhula kwezitshalo, okuhlanganisa ukunwebeka kwesiqu nezimpande kanye nokwanda kwendawo yamaqabunga7.Umphumela obaluleke kakhulu we-gibberellins ukwanda kobude besiqu ngenxa yokwelulwa kwama-internode.Ukufafaza ngama-foliar kwama-gibberellins ezitshalweni ezincane ezingakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-gibberellins kubangela ukwanda kwesiqu nobude besitshalo8.Ukufafaza nge-foliar kwezimbali namaqabunga ane-gibberellic acid ekuhlanganiseni kuka-500 mg/l kungakhuphula ubude besitshalo, inombolo, ububanzi nobude bamaqabunga9.Kubikwe ukuthi ama-gibberellins akhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene ze-broadleaf10.Ukwelulwa kwesiqu kwabonwa ku-Scots pine (Pinussylvestris) kanye nespruce esimhlophe (Piceaglauca) lapho amaqabunga efuthwa nge-gibberellic acid11.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwahlola imiphumela yezilawuli ezintathu zokukhula kwezitshalo ze-cytokinin ekwakhekeni kwegatsha elihlangene e-Lily officinalis.bend Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo ukuze kufundwe imiphumela yesizini.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-kinetin, i-benzyladenine ne-2-prenyladenine ayizange ithinte ukwakheka kwamagatsha engeziwe.Nokho, 500 ppm benzyladenine kwaholela ekwakhekeni 12.2 futhi 8.2 amagatsha subsidiary ekwindla kanye nokuhlolwa spring, ngokulandelana, uma kuqhathaniswa 4.9 futhi 3.9 amagatsha izitshalo control.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwasehlobo kusebenza kakhulu kunasebusika12.Kokunye ukuhlola, u-Peace Lily var.Izitshalo ze-tassone zaphathwa nge-0, 250 kanye ne-500 ppm benzyladenine emabhodweni angu-10 cm ububanzi.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi kwandisa kakhulu inani lamaqabunga engeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zokulawula kanye ne-benzyladenine.Amaqabunga amasha engeziwe abonwa emasontweni amane ngemuva kokwelashwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga okuphezulu kwabonwa emasontweni ayisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokwelashwa.Emavikini angama-20 emva kokwelashwa, izitshalo ezihlanzwe umhlabathi zazinobude obuncane kunezitshalo eseziphathwe ngaphambili13.Kuye kwabikwa ukuthi i-benzyladenine ekuhlanganiseni kwe-20 mg / L ingakhuphula kakhulu ukuphakama kwesitshalo kanye nenombolo yeqabunga ku-Croton 14. Ku-calla lily, i-benzyladenine ekuhlanganiseni kwe-500 ppm ibangele ukwanda kwenani lamagatsha, kuyilapho inombolo amagatsha ayemancane eqenjini elilawulayo15.Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuphenya ngokufafazwa kwe-foliar kwe-gibberellic acid ne-benzyladenine ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwe-Schefflera dwarfa, isitshalo sokuhlobisa.Lezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zingasiza abalimi bezentengiselwano ukuhlela ukukhiqiza okufanele unyaka wonke.Azikho izifundo ezenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwe-Liriodendron tulipifera.
Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe endaweni yokucwaninga izitshalo zasendlini yase-Islamic Azad University eJiloft, e-Iran.Ukufakelwa kwezimpande ezifanayo ze-schefflera encane engu-25 ± 5 cm ubude kwalungiswa (kwasakazwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuhlolwa) futhi kuhlwanyelwa ezimbizeni.Ibhodwe liyipulasitiki, limnyama, linobubanzi obungama-20 cm nobude obungama-30 cm16.
I-culture medium kulolu cwaningo kwakuyingxube ye-peat, i-humus, isihlabathi esigeziwe kanye ne-rice husk ngesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1: 1 (ngevolumu)16.Beka ungqimba lwamatshe amatshe phansi ebhodweni ukuze kukhishwe amanzi.Amazinga okushisa amaphakathi emini nasebusuku ku-greenhouse ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasehlobo ayengu-32±2°C no-28±2°C, ngokulandelana.Umswakama ohlobene ufinyelela ku->70%.Sebenzisa i-misting system ukuchelela.Ngokwesilinganiso, izitshalo ziniselwa izikhathi eziyi-12 ngosuku.Ekwindla nasehlobo, isikhathi sokuchelela ngakunye imizuzu eyi-8, isikhathi sokunisela yihora elingu-1.Izitshalo ngokufanayo zatshalwa izikhathi ezine, amaviki angu-2, 4, 6 no-8 ngemva kokuhlwanyela, ngesisombululo se-micronutrient (Ghoncheh Co., Iran) ekuhlanganiseni kwe-3 ppm futhi iniselwe nge-100 ml yesisombululo isikhathi ngasinye.Isixazululo somsoco siqukethe i-N 8 ppm, P 4 ppm, K 5 ppm kanye ne-trace elements Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Mo no-B.
Ukugxila okuthathu kwe-gibberellic acid kanye nesilawuli sokukhula kwezitshalo i-benzyladenine (ethengwe ku-Sigma) yalungiswa ku-0, 100 kanye no-200 mg/L futhi yafuthwa efihlekile yezitshalo ngezigaba ezintathu ngesikhathi esiyizinsuku eziyi-1517.I-Tween 20 (0.1%) (ethengwe ku-Sigma) isetshenziswe kusixazululo sokwandisa ubude bayo besikhathi eside kanye nesilinganiso sokumunca.Ekuseni kakhulu, fafaza ama-hormone efihlekile nasemaqabunga e-Liriodendron tulipifera usebenzisa isifutho.Izitshalo zifafazwa ngamanzi a-distilled.
Ubude besitshalo, ububanzi besiqu, indawo yeqabunga, okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll, inani lama-internode, ubude bamagatsha esibili, inani lamagatsha esibili, ivolumu yezimpande, ubude bezimpande, isisindo samaqabunga, impande, isiqu kanye nendaba eyomile, okuqukethwe kwe-photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll). a, i-chlorophyll b) Ingqikithi ye-chlorophyll, i-carotenoid, ingqikithi yombala), ushukela oncishisiwe kanye nama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo kukalwa ekwelashweni okuhlukene.
Okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll emaqabunga amancane kukalwa ezinsukwini eziyi-180 ngemuva kokufuthwa kusetshenziswa imitha ye-chlorophyll (Spad CL-01) kusukela ngo-9:30 kuya ku-10 ekuseni (ngenxa yokusha kwamaqabunga).Ukwengeza, indawo yamaqabunga ikalwa ezinsukwini eziyi-180 ngemuva kokufuthwa.Kala amaqabunga amathathu ukusuka phezulu, phakathi nangaphansi kwesiqu ebhodweni ngalinye.Lawa mahlamvu abe esesetshenziswa njengezifanekiso ephepheni elingu-A4 futhi iphethini ewumphumela iyasikwa.Isisindo nendawo yephepha elilodwa lephepha i-A4 nazo zikalwa.Khona-ke indawo yamaqabunga e-stenciled ibalwa kusetshenziswa izilinganiso.Ukwengeza, umthamo wempande unqunywa kusetshenziswa isilinda esithweswe iziqu.Isisindo esomile samaqabunga, isisindo somile kwesiqu, isisindo somile kwezimpande, nesisindo esomile sesisonke sesampula ngayinye kukalwa ngokomiswa kuhhavini ku-72°C amahora angu-48.
Okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll ne-carotenoid kukalwe ngendlela ye-Lichtenthaler18.Ukwenza lokhu, u-0.1 g wamaqabunga amasha agaywe odakeni lwe-porcelain oluqukethe u-15 ml we-acetone engu-80%, futhi ngemva kokuhlunga, ukuminyana kwawo kwamehlo kukalwa kusetshenziswa i-spectrophotometer kumaza wamaza angu-663.2, 646.8 no-470 nm.Linganisa idivayisi usebenzisa i-acetone engu-80%.Bala ukugcwala kwezibala ze-photosynthetic usebenzisa isibalo esilandelayo:
Phakathi kwazo, i-Chl a, i-Chl b, i-Chl T ne-Car imelela i-chlorophyll a, i-chlorophyll b, i-chlorophyll ephelele ne-carotenoids, ngokulandelanayo.Imiphumela yethulwa ku-mg/ml plant.
Ukunciphisa ushukela kukalwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-Somogy19.Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-0.02 g yamahlumela ezitshalo igaywe odakeni lwe-porcelain no-10 ml wamanzi acwecwe futhi athululelwe engilazini encane.Shisisa ingilazi ukuze ibile bese uhlunga okuqukethwe usebenzisa isihlungi sephepha le-Whatman No. 1 ukuze uthole ukukhishwa kwesitshalo.Dlulisa u-2 ml we-extract ngayinye ku-tube yokuhlola bese wengeza u-2 ml wesisombululo se-copper sulfate.Vala ishubhu lokuhlola ngoboya bekotini bese ushisa emanzini okugeza ngo-100 ° C imizuzu engu-20.Kulesi sigaba, i-Cu2+ iguqulelwa ku-Cu2O ngokunciphisa i-aldehyde monosaccharide futhi umbala we-salmon (i-terracotta) ubonakala ngaphansi kweshubhu lokuhlola.Ngemva kokuba ishubhu lokuhlola selipholile, engeza u-2 ml we-phosphomolybdic acid futhi kuzovela umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Shake ishubhu ngamandla kuze kube yilapho umbala usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ishubhu.Funda ukumuncwa kwesixazululo ku-600 nm usebenzisa i-spectrophotometer.
Bala ukugxila kokunciphisa ushukela usebenzisa ijika elijwayelekile.Ukugcwala kwama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo kwanqunywa yi-Fales method20.Ukwenza lokhu, u-0.1 g wamahlumela wawuxutshwe no-2.5 ml we-ethanol engu-80% ku-90 °C imizuzu engu-60 (izigaba ezimbili ze-30 min ngasinye) ukuze kukhishwe ama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo.I-extract ibe isihlungwa futhi utshwala buyahwamuka.I-precipitate ewumphumela ichithwa ku-2.5 ml wamanzi acwecwe.Thela u-200 ml wesampula ngayinye eshubhuni yokuhlola bese wengeza u-5 ml we-anthrone indicator.Ingxube ifakwe emanzini okugeza ku-90 ° C imizuzu engu-17, futhi ngemva kokupholisa, ukumuncwa kwayo kunqunywe ku-625 nm.
Ukuhlolwa bekuwukuhlolwa kwe-factorial okusekelwe kumklamo ongahleliwe ngokuphelele onezimpinda ezine.Inqubo ye-PROC UNIVARIATE isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukujwayelekile kokusatshalaliswa kwedatha ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa kokuhluka.Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kuqale ngokuhlaziywa kwezibalo okuchazayo ukuze kuqondwe ikhwalithi yedatha eluhlaza eqoqwe.Izibalo zenzelwe ukwenza lula nokucindezela amasethi amakhulu wedatha ukuze kube lula ukuwatolika.Kamuva, kwenziwa ukuhlaziya okuyinkimbinkimbi.Ukuhlola kuka-Duncan kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-SPSS (inguqulo 24; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) ukuze kubalwe izikwele eziqondile namaphutha okuhlola ukuze kutholwe umehluko phakathi kwamasethi edatha.Ukuhlolwa okuningi kuka-Duncan (DMRT) kwasetshenziselwa ukukhomba umehluko phakathi kwezindlela ezingeni lokubaluleka lika-(0.05 ≤ p).I-Pearson corelation coefficient ( r ) ibalwe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-SPSS (inguqulo 26; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhlobana phakathi kwamapheya ahlukene amapharamitha.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla komugqa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-SPSS (v.26) ukubikezela amanani ezinto eziguquguqukayo zonyaka wokuqala ngokusekelwe kumanani okuguquguqukayo konyaka wesibili.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo nge-p <0.01 kwenziwa ukuze kuhlonzwe izici ezithonya kakhulu amaqabunga e-schefflera amancane.Ukuhlaziywa kwendlela kwenziwa ukuze kunqunywe imiphumela eqondile nengaqondile yesibaluli ngasinye kumodeli (ngokusekelwe kuzici ezichaza kangcono ukuhluka).Zonke izibalo ezingenhla (okujwayelekile kokusatshalaliswa kwedatha, i-coefficient yokuhlobanisa elula, ukuhlehla kancane kancane kanye nokuhlaziywa kwendlela) kwenziwe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-SPSS V.26.
Amasampula ezitshalo ezitshaliwe akhethiwe ayehambisana neziqondiso ezifanele zesikhungo, kazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe kanye nomthetho wasekhaya wase-Iran.
Ithebula 1 libonisa izibalo ezichazayo zencazelo, ukuchezuka okujwayelekile, ubuncane, ubukhulu, ububanzi, kanye ne-phenotypic coefficient of variation (CV) yezici ezihlukahlukene.Phakathi kwalezi zibalo, i-CV ivumela ukuqhathaniswa kwezimfanelo ngoba ayinamkhawulo.Ukunciphisa ushukela (40.39%), isisindo esomile sezimpande (37.32%), isisindo esisha sezimpande (37.30%), isilinganiso sikashukela kushukela (30.20%) kanye nevolumu yezimpande (30%) yizona eziphezulu.kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll (9.88%).) futhi indawo enamaqabunga inenkomba ephezulu kakhulu (11.77%) futhi inenani eliphansi le-CV.Ithebula 1 libonisa ukuthi isisindo esimanzi siphelele sinebanga eliphakeme kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, lesi sici asinayo i-CV ephezulu kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, amamethrikhi angenasici njenge-CV kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuqhathanisa izinguquko zesibaluli.I-CV ephezulu ikhombisa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokwelashwa kwalesi sici.Imiphumela yalokhu kuhlola ibonise umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokwelashwa okunoshukela ophansi esisindweni esomile sezimpande, isisindo sezimpande esisha, isilinganiso se-carbohydrate-to-sugar, nezici zevolumu yezimpande.
Imiphumela ye-ANOVA ibonise ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, ukufafaza kwe-foliar nge-gibberellic acid ne-benzyladenine kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuphakameni kwesitshalo, inani lamaqabunga, indawo yamaqabunga, ivolumu yezimpande, ubude bezimpande, inkomba ye-chlorophyll, isisindo esisha kanye nesisindo esomile.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamanani aphakathi kubonise ukuthi abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo babe nomthelela omkhulu ekuphakameni kwesitshalo kanye nenombolo yamaqabunga.Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu kwakuyi-gibberellic acid ekuhlanganiseni kwe-200 mg / l kanye ne-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine ekuhlanganiseni kwe-200 mg / l.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kanye nenani lamaqabunga likhuphuke izikhathi ezingu-32.92 izikhathi ezingu-62.76, ngokulandelana (Ithebula 2).
Indawo yeqabunga inyuke kakhulu kukho konke okuhlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, ngokunyuka okuphezulu okubonwa ku-200 mg/l ku-gibberellic acid, kufinyelele ku-89.19 cm2.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi indawo yamaqabunga yanda kakhulu ngokugxila kokulawula ukukhula (Ithebula 2).
Zonke izindlela zokwelapha zandisa kakhulu ivolumu yezimpande nobude uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula.Inhlanganisela ye-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine ibe nomphumela omkhulu, okwandisa ivolumu nobude bempande ngesigamu uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula (Ithebula 2).
Amanani aphakeme kakhulu obubanzi be-stem nobude be-internode abonwa ekulawuleni nase-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine 200 mg/l zokwelapha, ngokulandelana.
Inkomba ye-chlorophyll inyuke kuzo zonke izinhlobo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula.Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lalesi sici labonwa lapho liphathwa nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine 200 mg / l, okwakungu-30.21% ngaphezu kokulawula (Ithebula 2).
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kubangele umehluko omkhulu kokuqukethwe kwe-pigment, ukunciphisa ushukela kanye nama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo.
Ukwelashwa nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine kubangele okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-photosynthetic pigments.Lolu phawu beluluphezulu kakhulu kukho konke okuhlukile kunokulawula.
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi zonke izindlela zokwelapha zingakhuphula okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll ku-Schefflera dwarf.Kodwa-ke, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lalesi sici libonwe ekwelapheni nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine, okwakungu-36.95% ephakeme kunokulawula (Ithebula 3).
Imiphumela ye-chlorophyll b yayifana ngokuphelele nemiphumela ye-chlorophyll a, umehluko kuphela kwaba ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll b, okwakuphezulu ngo-67.15% kunokulawula (Ithebula 3).
Ukwelashwa kubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwe-chlorophyll ephelele uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula.Ukwelashwa nge-gibberellic acid 200 mg / l + benzyladenine 100 mg / l kwaholela ekubalukeni okuphezulu kwalesi sici, okwakungu-50% ngaphezu kokulawula (Ithebula 3).Ngokusho kwemiphumela, ukulawula nokwelashwa nge-benzyladenine ngesilinganiso se-100 mg / l kwaholela emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu alesi sici.I-Liriodendron tulipifera inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-carotenoids (Ithebula 3).
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi lapho iphathwa gibberellic acid at a lokuhlushwa 200 mg/L, okuqukethwe chlorophyll a kakhulu anda ukuze chlorophyll b (Fig. 1).
Umthelela we-gibberellic acid ne-benzyladenine ku-a/b Ch.Izilinganiso ze-schefflera encane.(I-GA3: i-gibberellic acid ne-BA: i-benzyladenine).Izinhlamvu ezifanayo kumfanekiso ngamunye zibonisa ukuthi umehluko awubalulekile (P <0.01).
Umthelela wokwelashwa ngakunye esisindweni esisha nesomile sokhuni oluncane lwe-schefflera wawuphezulu kakhulu kunalowo wokulawula.I-Gibberellic acid + benzyladenine ku-200 mg/L yayiyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu, ikhulisa isisindo esisha ngo-138.45% uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, zonke izindlela zokwelapha ngaphandle kwe-100 mg / L i-benzyladenine yanda kakhulu isisindo esomile sesitshalo, futhi i-200 mg / L gibberellic acid + benzyladenine ibangele inani eliphakeme kakhulu lalesi sici (Ithebula 4).
Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zihluke kakhulu ekulawuleni kulokhu, ngamavelu aphezulu oku-100 kanye ne-200 mg/l benzyladenine kanye ne-200 mg/l gibberellic acid + benzyladenine (Fig. 2).
Umthelela we-gibberellic acid ne-benzyladenine esilinganisweni sama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo kanye nokunciphisa ushukela ku-schefflera encane.(I-GA3: i-gibberellic acid ne-BA: i-benzyladenine).Izinhlamvu ezifanayo kumfanekiso ngamunye azibonisi umehluko obalulekile (P <0.01).
Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kwenziwa ukuze kunqunywe izibaluli zangempela nokuqonda kangcono ubudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguquka okuzimele kanye nenombolo yamaqabunga ku-Liriodendron tulipifera.Ivolumu yezimpande kwaba ukuguquguquka kokuqala okufakwe kumodeli, kuchaza u-44% wokuhluka.Okuguquguqukayo okulandelayo kwakuyisisindo sezimpande ezintsha, futhi lezi ziguquguquko ezimbili zachaza u-63% wokuhluka kwenombolo yeqabunga (Ithebula 5).
Ukuhlaziywa kwendlela kwenziwa ukuze kuhunyushwe kangcono ukuhlehla kwesinyathelo (Ithebula 6 nomfanekiso 3).Umthelela omuhle kakhulu enombolweni yeqabunga wawuhlotshaniswa nesisindo sezimpande esisha (0.43), esasihlotshaniswa kahle nenombolo yeqabunga (0.47).Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lesi sici sithinta ngokuqondile isivuno, kuyilapho umphumela wawo ongaqondile ngezinye izici awunaki, nokuthi lesi sici singasetshenziswa njengendlela yokukhetha ezinhlelweni zokuzalanisa i-schefflera encane.Umthelela oqondile wevolumu yempande ube mubi (−0.67).Ithonya lalesi sici enanini lamaqabunga liqondile, ithonya elingaqondile alibalulekile.Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ivolumu yempande inkulu, isibalo samaqabunga sincane.
Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa izinguquko ekuhlehleni komugqa komthamo wezimpande kanye nokunciphisa ushukela.Ngokusho kwe-regression coefficient, iyunithi ngayinye ukushintsha ubude bezimpande nama-carbohydrate ancibilikayo kusho ukuthi ivolumu yezimpande nokunciphisa ushukela kushintsha ngamayunithi angu-0.6019 kanye namayunithi angu-0.311.
I-Pearson coefficient yokuhlanganiswa kwezici zokukhula iboniswa kuMdwebo 5. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi inani lamaqabunga nobude besitshalo (0.379*) bekunokuhlobana okuphezulu okuhle nokubaluleka.
Imephu yokushisa yobudlelwano phakathi kokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokukhula lokuhlanganisa ama-coefficients.# I-Axis Y: 1-Index Ch., 2-Internode, 3-LAI, 4-N yamaqabunga, 5-Ukuphakama kwemilenze, 6-Stem ububanzi.# Eksisi X: A – inkomba H., B – ibanga phakathi kwamanodi, C – LAY, D – N. weqabunga, E – ukuphakama komlenze webhulukwe, F – ububanzi besiqu.
I-Pearson coefficient yokuhlanganiswa kwezibaluli ezihlobene nesisindo esimanzi iboniswa kuMfanekiso 6. Imiphumela ibonisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwesisindo esimanzi seqabunga kanye nesisindo esomile esingaphezu komhlaba (0.834**), isisindo esomile esiphelele (0.913**) kanye nesisindo esomile sezimpande (0.562* )..Isamba sesisindo esomile sinokuhlangana okuphezulu kakhulu nokubaluleke kakhulu okuqondile nesisindo somile sehlumela (0.790**) kanye nesisindo somile kwezimpande (0.741**).
Imephu yokushisa yobudlelwano phakathi kokushintshashintsha kwe-coefficient yesisindo esisha.I-axis engu-Y: 1 - isisindo samaqabunga amasha, 2 - isisindo samafisha amasha, 3 - isisindo sezimpande ezintsha, 4 - isisindo samaqabunga amasha.# I-X-axis imele: A - isisindo seqabunga elisha, B - isisindo sehlumela elisha, CW - isisindo sezimpande ezintsha, D - isisindo esisha esiphelele.
I-Pearson coefficients yokuhlanganiswa kwezibaluli ezihlobene nesisindo esomile ikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 7. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi isisindo esomile seqabunga, isisindo esomile se-bud (0.848**) nesisindo esomile esiphelele (0.947**), isisindo se-bud dry (0.854**) futhi isisindo esomile esiphelele (0.781**) sinamanani aphezulu kakhulu.ukuhlobana okuhle nokuhlobana okubalulekile.
Imephu yokushisa yobudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguquka kwe-coefficient yesisindo esomile.I-eksisi engu-Y imele: isisindo esomile esiyiqabunga elingu-1, isisindo esomile esinamagatsha ama-2, isisindo esomile esiyizimpande ezi-3, isisindo esomile esi-4.I-X Axis: I-A-leaf isisindo esomile, isisindo esomile se-B-bud, isisindo esomile se-CW, isisindo esomile esingu-D.
I-Pearson coefficient yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ze-pigment iboniswa kuMfanekiso 8. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-chlorophyll a ne-chlorophyll b (0.716**), ingqikithi ye-chlorophyll (0.968**) kanye nengqikithi yemibala (0.954 **);i-chlorophyll b kanye ne-chlorophyll ephelele (0.868 **) kanye nezingulube eziphelele (0.851 **);ingqikithi ye-chlorophyll inokuhlobana okuphezulu okuphezulu okuhle nokubalulekile nengqikithi yemibala (0.984**).
Imephu yokushisa yobudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguquka kwe-coefficient ye-chlorophyll.# Y izimbazo: 1- Isiteshi a, 2- Isiteshi.b,3 – a/b ratio, 4 amashaneli.Inani, 5-carotenoids, 6-isivuno pigments.Ama-X-Axes: A-Ch.aB-Ch.b,C- a/b ratio, D-Ch.Ingqikithi yokuqukethwe, ama-E-carotenoids, isivuno se-F yemibala.
I-Dwarf Schefflera isitshalo sasendlini esidumile emhlabeni wonke, futhi ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwaso kuthola ukunakwa kakhulu.Ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo kubangele umehluko omkhulu, ngakho konke ukwelashwa okwandisa ukuphakama kwesitshalo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula.Nakuba ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuvame ukulawulwa ngokofuzo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo kungandisa noma kunciphise ukuphakama kwesitshalo.Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kanye nenani lamaqabunga aphathwe nge-gibberellic acid + benzyladenine 200 mg/L kwakuphakeme kakhulu, kwafinyelela ku-109 cm no-38.25, ngokulandelana.Ngokuvumelana nezifundo zangaphambilini (i-SalehiSardoei et al.52) kanye ne-Spathiphyllum23, ukunyuka okufanayo kobude besitshalo ngenxa yokwelashwa kwe-gibberellic acid kubonwe kuma-marigolds ase-potted, albus alba21, daylilies22, daylilies, agarwood kanye neminduze yokuthula.
I-Gibberellic acid (GA) idlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba zezitshalo.Akhuthaza ukuhlukana kwamaseli, ukwelulwa kwamaseli, ukunwebeka kwesiqu kanye nokwanda kosayizi24.I-GA idala ukuhlukana kwamaseli kanye nokwelula kuma-apices amahlumela nama-meristems25.Ukushintsha kwamaqabunga kuhlanganisa nokuncipha kokuqina kwesiqu, usayizi wamaqabunga amancane, nombala oluhlaza ogqamile26.Ucwaningo olusebenzisa ama-inhibitory noma ama-stimulatory factor lubonise ukuthi ama-ion e-calcium avela emithonjeni yangaphakathi asebenza njengezithunywa zesibili endleleni yokubonisa i-gibberellin ku-sorghum corolla27.I-HA inyusa ubude besitshalo ngokushukumisa ukuhlanganiswa kwama-enzyme abangela ukuxegiselwa kodonga lwamaseli, njenge-XET noma i-XTH, i-expansins ne-PME28.Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaseli akhule njengoba udonga lwamaseli lukhululeka futhi amanzi engena kuseli29.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-GA7, GA3 kanye ne-GA4 kungakhuphula ubude besiqu30,31.I-Gibberellic acid idala ukukhula kwesiqu ezitshalweni ezincane, futhi ezitshalweni ze-rosette ibambezela ukukhula kwamaqabunga kanye nokwelulwa kwe-internode32.Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuzala, ubude besiqu bukhuphuka buphindwe izikhathi ezi-4-5 ubude bawo bokuqala33.Inqubo ye-GA biosynthesis ezitshalweni ifinyezwa kuMfanekiso 9.
I-GA biosynthesis ezitshalweni kanye namazinga e-endogenous bioactive GA, ukumelwa okuhleliwe kwezitshalo (kwesokudla) kanye ne-GA biosynthesis (kwesokunxele).Imicibisholo inombala wamakhodi ukuze uhambisane nesimo se-HA esikhonjiswe endleleni ye-biosynthetic;imicibisholo ebomvu ibonisa amazinga e-GC anciphile ngenxa yokwenziwa kwendawo ezithweni zezitshalo, futhi imicibisholo emnyama ibonisa amazinga e-GC anyukile.Ezitshalweni eziningi, njengerayisi nekhabe, okuqukethwe kwe-GA kuphezulu esisekelweni noma engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga30.Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-bioactive GA kuncipha njengoba amaqabunga enwebeka kusuka kusisekelo34.Amazinga aqondile we-gibberellins kulezi zimo awaziwa.
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo nazo zinethonya elikhulu kwinombolo nendawo yamaqabunga.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukwandisa ukugxila kokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo kubangele ukwanda okukhulu endaweni yamaqabunga nenombolo.I-Benzyladenine kubikwe ukuthi yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga e-calla15.Ngokwemiphumela yalolu cwaningo, zonke izindlela zokwelapha zathuthukisa indawo yeqabunga nenombolo.I-Gibberellic acid + benzyladenine yayiyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu futhi yaholela enanini elikhulu nendawo yamaqabunga.Lapho ukhulisa i-schefflera encane endlini, kungase kube khona ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwenani lamaqabunga.
Ukwelashwa kwe-GA3 kwenyusa ubude be-internode uma kuqhathaniswa ne-benzyladenine (BA) noma okungekho ukwelashwa kwamahomoni.Lo mphumela unengqondo uma kubhekwa indima ye-GA ekukhuthazeni ukukhula7.Ukukhula kwesiqu nakho kubonise imiphumela efanayo.I-Gibberellic acid yandisa ubude besiqu kodwa yehlisa ububanzi baso.Nokho, ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-BA ne-GA3 kwandise kakhulu ubude besiqu.Lokhu kwanda kwakuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo eziphathwe nge-BA noma ngaphandle kwehomoni.Nakuba i-gibberellic acid nama-cytokinins (CK) ngokuvamile akhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo, kwezinye izimo anemiphumela ephambene ezinqubweni ezahlukene35.Isibonelo, ukusebenzisana okungalungile kubonwe ekwandeni kobude be-hypocotyl ezitshalweni eziphathwe nge-GA ne-BA36.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-BA yenyusa kakhulu ivolumu yezimpande (Ithebula 1).Ukwenyuka kwevolumu yezimpande ngenxa ye-BA yangaphandle kuye kwabikwa ezitshalweni eziningi (isb. Izinhlobo ze-Dendrobium ne-Orchid)37,38.
Zonke izindlela zokwelapha ze-hormonal zandisa inani lamaqabunga amasha.Ukwanda okungokwemvelo kwendawo yamaqabunga kanye nobude besiqu ngokwelashwa okuhlangene kuyinto efiselekayo ngokwentengiso.Inani lamaqabunga amasha liyinkomba ebalulekile yokukhula kwezitshalo.Ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni angaphandle akuzange kusetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni i-Liriodendron tulipifera.Kodwa-ke, imiphumela ekhuthaza ukukhula ye-GA ne-CK, esetshenziswe ngokulingana, ingase inikeze imininingwane emisha ekuthuthukiseni ukutshalwa kwalesi sitshalo.Ngokuphawulekayo, umthelela we-synergistic wokwelashwa kwe-BA + GA3 wawuphezulu kunalowo we-GA noma we-BA olawulwa yedwa.I-Gibberellic acid inyusa inani lamaqabunga amasha.Njengoba amaqabunga amasha ekhula, ukwandisa inani lamahlamvu amasha kunganciphisa ukukhula kwamaqabunga39.I-GA kubikwe ukuthi ithuthukise ukuthuthwa kwe-sucrose kusuka kusinki kuya kwezitho zomzimba40,41.Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwe-GA ezitshalweni ezingapheli kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwezitho zezitshalo ezinjengamaqabunga nezimpande, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuguquguquka kokukhula kwemifino kuya ekukhuleni kokuzala42.
Umthelela we-GA ekwandiseni izinto ezomile zezitshalo ungachazwa ngokwanda kwe-photosynthesis ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo yamaqabunga43.I-GA kubikwa ukuthi idale ukwanda kwendawo yamaqabunga kaMaze34.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukwandisa ukugxila kwe-BA ku-200 mg/L kungakhuphula ubude nenani lamagatsha esibili kanye nomthamo wezimpande.I-Gibberellic acid ithonya izinqubo zamangqamuzana ezifana nokuvuselela ukuhlukana kwamaseli kanye nokwelula, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwemifino43.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-HA yandisa udonga lweseli ngokufaka isitashi nge-hydrolyzing sibe ushukela, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise amandla engqamuzana amanzi, okubangela ukuthi amanzi angene engqamuzaneni futhi ekugcineni aholele ekwelulweni kweseli44.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-11-2024