Amanethi omiyane ahlala isikhathi eside alashwe ngesibulala-zinambuzane (i-ILNs) avame ukusetshenziswa njengesithiyo esingokomzimba sokuvikela ukutheleleka nge-malaria. E-Afrika eseningizimu ye-Sahara, enye yezindlela zokungenelela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunciphisa izehlakalo zikamalaleveva ukusetshenziswa kwama-ILN. Nokho, ulwazi ngokusetshenziswa kwama-ILN e-Ethiopia lunqunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwama-ILN nezici ezihlotshaniswayo phakathi kwemindeni eseWest Arsi County, Oromia State, Southern Ethiopia ngo-2023. Inhlolovo yezigaba ezisekelwe kubantu yenziwa e-West Arsi County kusukela ngomhla ka-1 kuya ku-30 Meyi 2023 ngesampula yemizi engu-2808. Idatha iqoqwe emakhaya kusetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo oluhlelekile olulawulwa yi-interviewer. Imininingwane yahlolisiswa, yafakwa amakhodi futhi yafakwa enguqulweni ye-Epiinfo 7 yase ihlanzwa futhi yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa inguqulo ye-SPSS 25. Ukuhlaziya okuchazayo kwasetshenziswa ukuze kwethulwe amaza, izilinganiso namagrafu. Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehliswa kwezinto okunambambili kuye kwabalwa futhi okuguquguqukayo okunamanani we-p angaphansi kuka-0.25 kwakhethwa ukuze kufakwe kumodeli ye-multivariate. Imodeli yokugcina yahunyushwa kusetshenziswa izilinganiso zezilinganiso ezilungisiwe zezilinganiso (isikhawu sokuzithemba esingu-95%, inani elingu-p elingaphansi kuka-0.05) ukuze kuboniswe ukuhlobana kwezibalo phakathi komphumela nokuhluka okuzimele. Cishe imindeni engama-2389 (86.2%) inamanethi abulala izinambuzane ahlala isikhathi eside angasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokulala. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa sekukonke kwamanethi ahlala isikhathi eside abulala izinambuzane kwaba ngu-69.9% (95% CI 68.1–71.8). Ukusetshenziswa kwamanetha ezinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside kwakuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuba yinhloko yekhaya wesifazane (AOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.33–4.15), inani lamakamelo ahlukene endlini (AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.23–2.29), isikhathi sokufakwa kwezinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside (A CI 8%; 5 net. 2.18–5.35), nolwazi lomphenduli (AOR 3.68; 95% CI 2.48–6.97). Sekukonke ukusetshenziswa kwamanethi ahlala isikhathi eside okubulala izinambuzane phakathi kwemindeni yase-Ethiopia bekuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga likazwelonke (≥ 85). Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi izici ezifana nenhloko yekhaya wesifazane, inani lamagumbi ahlukene endlini, isikhathi sokushintsha amanetha abulala izinambuzane ahlala isikhathi eside kanye nezinga lolwazi lwabaphenduli kwakuyizibikezelo zokusetshenziswa kwe-LLIN ngamalungu omndeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwe-LLIN, Ihhovisi Lezempilo Lesifunda Sase-West Alsi kanye nababambiqhaza kufanele banikeze ulwazi olufanele emphakathini futhi baqinise ukusetshenziswa kwe-LLN ezingeni lasekhaya.
Umalaleveva uyinkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele kanye nesifo esithathelwanayo esidala ukugula nokufa kwabantu. Lesi sifo sibangelwa i-protozoan parasite ye-Plasmodium, esisakazwa ngokulunywa omiyane besifazane i-Anopheles1,2. Cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.3 basengozini yokungenwa umalaleveva, nengozi enkulu kakhulu e-sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)3. Umbiko weWorld Health Organisation (WHO) 2023 ukhombisa ukuthi ingxenye yabantu emhlabeni isengcupheni yokungenwa umalaleveva, njengoba kubikwa ukuthi zilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-233 izigameko zikamalaleveva emazweni angu-29, okushona kuwo abantu ababalelwa ku-580 000, izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe yibona abathinteka kakhulu3,4.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lwase-Ethiopia lubonise ukuthi izici ezinomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwenetha lomiyane isikhathi eside zihlanganisa ulwazi lwezindlela zokudluliswa kwe-malaria, ulwazi olunikezwa abasebenzi bezempilo (HEWs), imikhankaso yabezindaba, imfundo ezikhungweni zezempilo, isimo sengqondo kanye nokuphatheka kabi komzimba lapho ulele ngaphansi kwamanethi omiyane esikhathi eside, ukungakwazi ukulenga amanetha omiyane akhona esikhathi eside, ukuntuleka kwezindawo zokuxhoma amanethi omiyane, ukuntuleka kwemfundo yomiyane. ngenetha, izingozi zikamalaleveva, nokuntula ukwazi ngezinzuzo zamanethi omiyane. Ucwaningo lwe-17,20,21 luye lwabonisa nokuthi ezinye izici, kuhlanganise nobukhulu bendlu, ubudala, umlando wokulimala, ubukhulu, isimo, umbala, kanye nenani lezindawo zokulala, zihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwenetha lomiyane isikhathi eside. 5,17,18,22 Nokho, ezinye izifundo azitholanga ukuhlobana okubalulekile phakathi kwengcebo yasekhaya kanye nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwenetha lomiyane3,23.
Amanethi omiyane ahlala isikhathi eside, amakhulu ngokwanele ukuba abekwe ezindaweni zokulala, atholakale esetshenziswa kaningi, futhi izifundo eziningi emazweni aphethwe umalaleveva ziye zaqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwawo ekwehliseni ukuthintana kwabantu nezifo zikamalaleveva nezinye izifo ezithwalwa yizilwane7,19,23. Ezindaweni ezigcwele umalaleveva, ukusakazwa kwamanethi omiyane ahlala isikhathi eside kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa izehlakalo zikamalaleveva, izifo ezinzima, nokufa okuhlobene nomalaleveva. Amanethi omiyane afakwe izibulali zinambuzane kukhonjiswe ukuthi ehlisa izinga likamalaleveva ngama-48–50%. Uma esetshenziswa kabanzi, la amanetha angavimbela u-7% wokufa kwabantu abaneminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu emhlabeni wonke24 futhi ahlotshaniswa nokuncipha okukhulu kwengozi yokuzalwa enesisindo esiphansi kanye nokulahlekelwa kwengane25.
Akukacaci ukuthi abantu bazi kangakanani ngokusetshenziswa kwamanetha ahlala isikhathi eside abulala izinambuzane nokuthi bawathenga ngezinga elingakanani. Ukuphawula namahemuhemu mayelana nokungalengisi nhlobo amanetha, ukulengiswa ngendlela engafanele futhi endaweni engafanele, nokungazibeki phambili izingane nabesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele kuphenywe ngokucophelela. Enye inselele umbono womphakathi ngeqhaza lamanethi ahlala isikhathi eside abulala izinambuzane ekuvimbeleni umalaleveva. 23 Izehlakalo zikamalaleveva ziphezulu ezindaweni ezisezansi eNtshonalanga Arsi County, futhi idatha mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamanethi okubulala izinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside ezindlini nasemphakathini iyindlala. Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola ukusabalala kokusetshenziswa kwenetha elibulala izinambuzane isikhathi eside kanye nezici ezihambisanayo phakathi kwemindeni yaseWest Arsi County, Isifunda sase-Oromia, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ethiopia.
Inhlolovo yezigaba ezisekelwe emphakathini yenziwa kusukela ngomhlaka-1 kuya zingama-30 Meyi 2023 eWest Arsi County. IWest Arsi County itholakala esifundeni sase-Oromia eningizimu ye-Ethiopia, amakhilomitha angama-250 ukusuka e-Addis Ababa. Isibalo sabantu bakulesi sifunda siyi-2,926,749, sihlanganisa amadoda ayi-1,434,107 nabesifazane abayi-1,492,642. ESifundazweni SaseNtshonalanga Arsi, abantu abalinganiselwa ku-963 102 ezifundeni eziyisithupha nedolobha elilodwa basengozini enkulu yokungenwa umalaleveva; nokho, izifunda eziyisishiyagalolunye azinawo umalaleveva. IWest Arsi County inamadolobhana angama-352, okuyi-136 kuwo anomalaleveva. Ezikhundleni zezempilo ezingama-356, eziyi-143 yizikhungo zokulawula umalaleveva kanti kukhona izikhungo zezempilo ezingama-85, ezingama-32 kuzo zisezindaweni ezikhahlamezeke umalaleveva. Izibhedlela ezintathu kwezihlanu zelapha iziguli zikamalaleveva. Le ndawo inemifula nezindawo zokuchelela ezifanele ukuzalanisa omiyane. Ngo-2021, ama-insecticide ahlala isikhathi eside angu-312,224 asatshalaliswa esifundeni ukuze kutholakale usizo oluphuthumayo, kanti iqoqo lesibili lezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside eziyi-150,949 lasatshalaliswa ngo-2022-26.
Inani labantu bomthombo lalibhekwa njengawo wonke amakhaya esifundeni saseNtshonalanga Alsi kanye nalabo abahlala esifundeni ngesikhathi socwaningo.
Isibalo socwaningo sikhethwe ngokungahleliwe kuyo yonke imizi efanelekile esifundeni sase-West Alsi, kanye nalabo abahlala ezindaweni ezinengcuphe ephezulu kamalaleveva phakathi nesikhathi socwaningo.
Yonke imizi etholakala ezindaweni ezikhethiwe zaseWest Alsi County futhi ehlala endaweni yocwaningo isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha yafakwa ocwaningweni.
Imindeni engazange iwathole ama-LLN ngesikhathi sokusabalalisa kanye naleyo engakwazi ukuphendula ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokuzwa nokukhuluma ayifakwanga ocwaningweni.
Usayizi wesampula wenhloso yesibili yezinto ezihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-LLIN ubalwe ngokusekelwe kufomula yengxenye yabantu kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yekhompuyutha yezibalo ye-Epi yenguqulo 7. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-95% CI, amandla angu-80% kanye nesilinganiso somphumela we-61.1% eqenjini elingadalulwanga, ukucabangela kuthathwe ocwaningweni olwenziwa enkabeni ye-India13 kusetshenziswa izinhloko zemindeni ezingafundile njenge-factor variable, ne-OR ye-1.25. Kusetshenziswa ukucatshangelwa okungenhla nokuqhathanisa okuguquguqukayo nezinombolo ezinkulu, ukuguquguquka "kwenhloko yendlu ngaphandle kwemfundo" kucatshangelwe ukunqunywa kosayizi wesampula wokugcina, njengoba kunikeze usayizi omkhulu wesampula wabantu abangu-2808.
Usayizi wesampula wabelwe ngokulingana nenani lemizi endaweni ngayinye futhi imizi engama-2808 yakhethwa ezigodini kusetshenziswa indlela elula yokusampula okungahleliwe. Ingqikithi yenani lemizi esigodini ngasinye yatholwa oHlelweni Lolwazi Lwezempilo Lwesigodi (CHIS). Umndeni wokuqala wakhethwa ilotho. Uma ikhaya lomhlanganyeli wocwaningo livaliwe ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwedatha, ubuningi bezingxoxo zokulandelela ezimbili zenziwa futhi lokhu kubhekwa njengokungaphenduli.
Okuguquguqukayo okuzimele kwakuyizici zenhlalo yabantu (iminyaka yobudala, isimo somshado, inkolo, imfundo, umsebenzi, ubukhulu bomndeni, indawo yokuhlala, ubuhlanga kanye neholo lanyanga zonke), izinga lolwazi nokuguquguquka okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwamanethi okubulala izinambuzane.
Imindeni ibuzwe imibuzo eyishumi nantathu ngolwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside. Impendulo efanele inikezwe iphuzu eli-1, futhi impendulo engalungile yanikezwa amaphuzu angu-0. Ngemva kokufingqa amaphuzu omhlanganyeli ngamunye, kwabalwa isilinganiso samaphuzu, futhi ababambiqhaza abanamaphuzu angaphezu kwesilinganiso babhekwa “njengabanolwazi oluhle” futhi ababambiqhaza abanamaphuzu angaphansi kwesilinganiso babhekwa njengabanolwazi “olumpofu” mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside.
Idatha yaqoqwa kusetshenziswa uhla lwemibuzo oluhlelekile olulawulwa ubuso nobuso umuntu obuza imibuzo futhi lwathathwa ezincwadini ezihlukahlukene2,3,7,19. Ucwaningo lufake izici zenhlalo yabantu, izici zemvelo kanye nolwazi lwabahlanganyeli ngokusetshenziswa kwe-ISIS. Idatha yaqoqwa kubantu abangama-28 endaweni eshisayo kamalaleveva, ngaphandle kwezindawo zabo zokuqoqa imininingwane futhi yaqondiswa nsuku zonke ngochwepheshe bakamalaleveva abayi-7 abavela ezikhungweni zezempilo.
Uhlu lwemibuzo lwalungiselelwa ngesiNgisi futhi lwahunyushelwa olimini lwendawo (Afan Oromo) lwase luhunyushwa kabusha esiNgisini ukuze kuhlolwe ukuvumelana. Uhlu lwemibuzo lwahlolwa kusengaphambili ku-5% wesampula (135) ngaphandle kwesikhungo sezempilo socwaningo. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwangaphambili, uhlu lwemibuzo lwashintshwa ukuze kube nokucaciswa okungenzeka kanye nokwenza lula amagama. Ukuhlanzwa kwedatha, ukuphelela, ububanzi kanye nokuhlolwa kokunengqondo kwenziwa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yedatha ngaphambi kokufakwa kwedatha. Ngemva kokuhlola nomphathi, yonke idatha engaphelele nengahambisani yayikhishiwe kudatha. Abaqoqi bedatha nabaphathi bathole ukuqeqeshwa kosuku olulodwa kokuthi kufanele kuqoqwe kanjani futhi yiluphi ulwazi. Umcwaningi uqaphe abaqoqi bedatha nabaphathi ukuze baqinisekise ikhwalithi yedatha ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwedatha.
Idatha yahlolelwa ukunemba nokuvumelana, yabe isifakwa amakhodi futhi yafakwa enguqulweni ye-Epi-info 7, yase ihlanzwa futhi yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa inguqulo ye-SPSS 25. Izibalo ezichazayo njengamafrikhwensi, izilinganiso, namagrafu zasetshenziswa ukuze kwethulwe imiphumela. Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehliswa kokuhleleka kwe-Bivariate kanambambili kuye kwabalwa, futhi ama-covariate anamanani we-p angaphansi kuka-0.25 kumodeli ye-bivariate akhethiwe ukuze afakwe kumodeli ye-multivariate. Imodeli yokugcina yahunyushwa kusetshenziswa izilinganiso ze-odds ezilungisiwe, izikhathi zokuzethemba ezingu-95%, namavelu angu-p <0.05 ukuze kunqunywe ukuhlotshaniswa phakathi komphumela nokuhluka okuzimele. I-Multicollinearity ihlolwe kusetshenziswa iphutha elijwayelekile (SE), elalingaphansi kuka-2 kulolu cwaningo. Ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka kwe-Hosmer ne-Lemeshow kwasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukulingana kwemodeli, futhi inani elingu-p lokuhlolwa kwe-Hosmer ne-Lemeshow kulolu cwaningo lalingu-0.746.
Ngaphambi kokwenza ucwaningo, kutholwe ukugunyazwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha eKomitini Lokuziphatha LeBhodi Yezempilo Yase-West Elsea County ngokuvumelana Nesimemezelo sase-Helsinki. Ngemva kokuchaza injongo yocwaningo, izincwadi zemvume ezisemthethweni zitholwe ezikhungweni ezikhethiwe zezempilo zesifunda nezamadolobha. Ababambiqhaza bocwaningo bazisiwe ngenjongo yocwaningo, ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo, kanye nobumfihlo. Imvume yokwaziswa ngomlomo yatholwa kubahlanganyeli bocwaningo ngaphambi kwenqubo yangempela yokuqoqwa kwedatha. Amagama abaphendulile awazange arekhodwe, kodwa ummangalelwa ngamunye wanikwa ikhodi yokugcina imfihlo.
Phakathi kwabaphendulile, iningi (2738, 98.8%) lalizwile ngokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ngokuphathelene nomthombo wolwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside, iningi labaphendulile i-2202 (71.1%) ithole kubahlinzeki babo bezempilo. Cishe bonke abaphendulile abangama-2735 (99.9%) babazi ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane ezidabukile ezihlala isikhathi eside zingakhandwa. Cishe bonke ababambiqhaza abangama-2614 (95.5%) babazi ngezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside njengoba zingavimbela umalaleveva. Imizi eminingi engama-2529 (91.5%) yayinolwazi oluhle ngezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside. Isilinganiso samaphuzu olwazi lwasekhaya mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside sasingu-7.77 ngokuchezuka okujwayelekile okungu-± 0.91 (Ithebula 2).
Ekuhlaziyweni okuphindwe kabili kwezici ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwenethi lomiyane isikhathi eside, okuguquguqukayo njengobulili bommangalelwa, indawo yokuhlala, ubukhulu bomndeni, isimo semfundo, isimo somshado, umsebenzi womphenduli, inani lamakamelo ahlukene endlini, ulwazi lwamanethi omiyane ahlala isikhathi eside, indawo yokuthengwa kwamanethi omiyane ahlala isikhathi eside, ubude besikhathi sokusebenzisa amanethi omiyane besikhathi eside omiyane obuhlobene nomkhaya, ngokusebenzisa inetha lomiyane isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwezinto ezididayo, zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo ezine-p-value <0.25 ekuhlaziyweni kwe-bivariate zifakwe ekuhlaziyweni kokuhlehliswa kwe-multivariate logistic.
Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwamanethi ezinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside kanye nezici ezihambisanayo emakhaya aseWest Arsi County, Ethiopia. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi izici ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamanethi ezinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside zihlanganisa ubulili besifazane kwabaphendulile, inani lamagumbi ahlukene endlini, ubude besikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kushintshwe amanetha ezinambuzane ahlala isikhathi eside, kanye nezinga lolwazi lwabaphenduli, okwakuhlobene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwamanethi ezinambuzane ahlala isikhathi eside.
Lo mehluko ungaba ngenxa yomehluko kusayizi wesampula, inani locwaningo, ukulungiselelwa kocwaningo lwesifunda, kanye nesimo senhlalo-mnotho. Njengamanje, e-Ethiopia, uMnyango Wezempilo usebenzisa ukungenelela okuningi ukunciphisa umthwalo we-malaria ngokuhlanganisa ukungenelela kokuvimbela umalaleveva ezinhlelweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuyisisekelo, okungasiza ekunciphiseni ukugula okuhlobene nomalaleveva nokufa.
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iveze ukuthi izinhloko zemizi zabesifazane maningi amathuba okuthi zisebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Lokhu kutholakala kuhambisana nocwaningo olwenziwa e-Ilugalan County5, e-Raya Alamata Region33 nase-Arbaminchi Town34, e-Ethiopia, olubonise ukuthi abesifazane babesemathubeni amaningi okusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside kunabesilisa. Lokhu kungase futhi kube umphumela wesiko lamasiko emphakathini waseTopiya owazisa abesifazane ngaphezu kwamadoda, futhi lapho abesifazane beba izinhloko zemizi, amadoda angaphansi kwengcindezi encane yokunquma ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside ngokwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwenziwa endaweni yasemaphandleni, lapho imikhuba yamasiko kanye nemikhuba yomphakathi ingase ihloniphe abesifazane abakhulelwe futhi ibanikeze kuqala ekusebenziseni izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-malaria.
Okunye okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kubonise ukuthi inani lamagumbi ahlukene ezindlini zabahlanganyeli lalihlobene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwamanethi omiyane ahlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu okutholakele kuqinisekiswe izifundo zase-East Belessa7, Garan5, Adama21 kanye nase-Bahir Dar20 izifunda. Lokhu kungase kubangelwa iqiniso lokuthi amakhaya anamakamelo ambalwa ahlukene endlini maningi amathuba okuthi asebenzise amanetha omiyane ahlala isikhathi eside, kuyilapho amakhaya anamakamelo ahlukene kakhulu endlini namalungu omndeni engeziwe maningi amathuba okuthi asebenzise amanetha omiyane ahlala isikhathi eside, okungase kubangele ukushoda kwamanethi omiyane kuwo wonke amagumbi ahlukene.
Isikhathi sokushintsha amanetha abulala izinambuzane ahlala isikhathi eside sasihlobene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kwamanethi ahlala isikhathi eside abulala izinambuzane. Abantu abashintsha amanetha abulala izinambuzane ahlala isikhathi eside kwaze kwaba yiminyaka emithathu edlule banamathuba amaningi okusebenzisa amanetha abulala izinambuzane ahlala isikhathi eside kunalawo ashintshwa esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu edlule. Lokhu okutholakele kuhambisana nezifundo ezenziwa edolobheni lase-Arbaminchi, Ethiopia34 nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Ethiopia20. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi imikhaya enethuba lokuthenga amanetha omiyane amasha ukuze athathele amadala avame ukusebenzisa amanetha abulala izinambuzane ahlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwamalungu omkhaya, angase azizwe enelisekile futhi eshukumiseleka ngokwengeziwe ukusebenzisa amanetha omiyane amasha ukuze avimbele umalaleveva.
Okunye okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kubonise ukuthi imizi enolwazi olwanele ngezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside inamathuba aphindwe kane okusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside uma iqhathaniswa nemizi enolwazi oluncane. Lokhu okutholakele kubuye kuhambisane nezifundo ezenziwa e-Hawassa naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ethiopia18,22. Lokhu kungachazwa ngokuthi njengoba ulwazi lwasekhaya kanye nokuqwashisa mayelana nezindlela zokuvimbela ukutheleleka, izici eziyingozi, ukuqina kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela izifo zomuntu ngamunye zanda, amathuba okuba kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ayakhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi oluhle kanye nombono omuhle wezindlela zokuvimbela umalaleveva kukhuthaza umkhuba wokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ukungenelela kokuguqula ukuziphatha kuhlose ukukhuthaza ukubambelela ezinhlelweni zokuvimbela umalaleveva phakathi kwamalungu omndeni ngokubeka phambili izici zezenhlalo namasiko kanye nemfundo yendawo yonke.
Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise ukwakheka okuhlukene futhi ubudlelwano bembangela abukhonjiswa. Khumbula ukuchema kungenzeka kwenzeke. Ukubhekwa kwamanethi ombhede kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubika kweminye imiphumela yocwaningo (isb, ukusetshenziswa kwenethi yokulala ebusuku bangaphambilini, imvamisa yokuwashwa kwenethi yokulala, kanye nemali engenayo emaphakathi) kusekelwe emibikweni yokuzenzela yona, engaphansi kokuchema.
Ukusetshenziswa sekukonke kwamanethi ahlala isikhathi eside abulawa izibulala-zinambuzane emakhaya kwakuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lezwe lase-Ethiopia (≥ 85). Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwamanethi ahlala isikhathi eside abulawa yizinambuzane kuthinteke kakhulu ukuthi inhloko yekhaya ngumuntu wesifazane, mangaki amagumbi azimele endlini, kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyisela inethi ehlala isikhathi eside ebulala izinambuzane, nokuthi abaphendulile babenolwazi olungakanani. Ngakho-ke, i-West Arsi County Health Authority kanye nabathintekayo abathintekayo kufanele basebenzele ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanetha ahlala isikhathi eside aphethwe yizinambuzane ezingeni lasekhaya ngokusatshalaliswa kolwazi nokuqeqeshwa okufanele, kanye nokuxhumana okuqhubekayo kokuguqulwa kokuziphatha ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamanetha ahlala isikhathi eside aphethwe yizinambuzane. Qinisa ukuqeqeshwa kwamavolontiya, izinhlaka zomphakathi, nabaholi bezenkolo ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kwamanethi ahlala isikhathi eside abulawa izibulala-zinambuzane ezingeni lasekhaya.
Yonke idatha etholiwe kanye/noma ehlaziywe ngesikhathi socwaningo iyatholakala kumbhali ohambisana nayo uma kunesicelo esifanele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-07-2025