Umalaleveva usalokhu uyimbangela enkulu yokufa nokugula e-Afrika, nomthwalo omkhulu phakathi kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela lesi sifo izinto ezibulala izinambuzane ezihlasela omiyane abadala i-Anopheles. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalokhu kungenelela, ukumelana nezigaba ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zezibulala-zinambuzane manje sekwandile kulo lonke elase-Afrika. Ukuqonda izindlela eziyisisekelo eziholela kule phenotype kubalulekile kokubili ukulandelela ukusabalala kokumelana nokuthuthukisa amathuluzi amasha okukunqoba.
Kulolu cwaningo, siqhathanise ukwakheka kwe-microbiome ye-Anopheles gambiae emelana nezibulala-zinambuzane, i-Anopheles cruzi, kanye ne-Anopheles arabiensis yabantu baseBurkina Faso nabantu abangezwani nezibulala-zinambuzane, nazo ezivela e-Ethiopia.
Asitholanga mehluko ekwakhekeni kwe-microbiota phakathi kokumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane kanyeisibulala-zinambuzane-abantu abathintekayo eBurkina Faso. Lo mphumela waqinisekiswa yizifundo zaselabhorethri zamakoloni ezivela emazweni amabili eBurkina Faso. Ngokuphambene, komiyane i-Anopheles arabiensis base-Ethiopia, umehluko ocacile ekwakhekeni kwe-microbiota wabonakala phakathi kwalabo abafayo nalabo abasinda ekuchayekeni ngezibulala-zinambuzane. Ukuze siqhubeke siphenya ukumelana kwalesi sibalo se-Anopheles arabiensis, senze ukulandelana kwe-RNA futhi sathola ukubonakaliswa okuhlukile kwezakhi zofuzo zokuqeda ubuthi ezihambisana nokungazweli kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nezinguquko eziteshini zokuphefumula, ze-metabolic, ne-synaptic ion.
Imiphumela yethu iphakamisa ukuthi kwezinye izimo i-microbiota ingaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nezinambuzane, ngaphezu kwezinguquko ze-transcriptome.
Nakuba ukumelana ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengengxenye yofuzo ye-Anopheles vector, ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi i-microbiome iyashintsha ngenxa yokuchayeka kwezibulala-zinambuzane, okuphakamisa indima yalezi zinambuzane ekumelaneni nezinambuzane. Ngempela, ucwaningo lwamavektha omiyane i-Anopheles gambiae eNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi lubonise izinguquko ezinkulu ku-epidermal microbiome kulandela ukuchayeka ku-pyrethroids, kanye nezinguquko ku-microbiome iyonke kulandela ukuchayeka kuma-organophosphates. E-Afrika, ukumelana ne-pyrethroid kuye kwahlotshaniswa noshintsho ekwakhiweni kwe-microbiota e-Cameroon, Kenya, nase-Côte d'Ivoire, kuyilapho i-Anopheles gambiae eguqulelwe elabhorethri ibonise ukuguquguquka ku-microbiota yayo kulandela ukukhethwa kokumelana ne-pyrethroid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kokuhlola ngama-antibiotics kanye nokwengezwa kwamagciwane aziwayo omiyane abaphethwe elabhorethri i-Anopheles arabiensis kwabonisa ukubekezelela okwengeziwe kuma-pyrethroids. Ngokuhlangene, le datha iphakamisa ukuthi ukumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane kungase kuxhunyaniswe ne-microbiome yomiyane nokuthi lesi sici sokumelana nesibulala-zinambuzane singase sisetshenziswe ekulawuleni izifo ezithwala izifo.
Kulolu cwaningo, sisebenzise ukulandelana kwe-16S ukuze sinqume ukuthi ngabe i-microbiota yomiyane abaqoqwe elabhorethri nabaqoqwe ensimini eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Afrika behluka phakathi kwalabo abasinda nalabo abafa ngemva kokuchayeka ku-pyrethroid deltamethrin. Esimweni sokumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane, ukuqhathanisa i-microbiota evela ezifundeni ezahlukene zase-Afrika nezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye namazinga okumelana kungasiza ukuqonda amathonya esifunda emiphakathini yamagciwane. Amakoloni aselabhorethri ayevela eBurkina Faso futhi akhuliswa ezindaweni ezimbili zokucwaninga zaseYurophu (An. coluzzii eJalimane kanye ne-An. arabiensis e-United Kingdom), omiyane abavela eBurkina Faso bamele zontathu izinhlobo ze-An. i-gambiae species complex, kanti omiyane base-Ethiopia bamele u-An. i-arabiensis. Lapha, sibonisa ukuthi u-Anopheles arabiensis wase-Ethiopia wayenokusayina okuhlukile kwe-microbiota komiyane abaphilayo nabafile, kuyilapho u-Anopheles arabiensis waseBurkina Faso kanye namalabhorethri amabili engazange. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuqhubeka nokuphenya ukumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane. Senza ukulandelana kwe-RNA kubantu be-Anopheles arabiensis futhi sathola ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nokungazweli kwezibulala-zinambuzane zazilawulwa, kuyilapho izakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nokuphefumula zazishintshwa ngokuvamile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwale datha nenani lesibili labantu abavela e-Ethiopia kukhombe izakhi zofuzo eziyinhloko zokuqeda ubuthi endaweni. Okunye ukuqhathanisa ne-Anopheles arabiensis yase-Burkina Faso kwembule umehluko omkhulu kumaphrofayili e-transcriptome, kodwa nokho kuhlonzwe izakhi zofuzo ezine eziyisihluthulelo zokususa ubuthi ezazisabalala kakhulu e-Afrika yonkana.
Omiyane abaphilayo nabafile bohlobo ngalunye besifunda ngasinye babe sebehlelwa kusetshenziswa ukulandelana kwe-16S futhi kwabalwa inala ehlobene. Akukho mehluko ekuhlukeni kwe-alpha obonwe, okukhombisa ukuthi akukho mehluko ekunotheni kweyunithi yokusebenza kwe-taxonomic (OTU); kodwa-ke, ukuhlukahluka kwe-beta kuhluke kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe, kanye nemibandela yokusebenzisana yezwe nesimo sokuphila/esifile (i-PANOVA = 0.001 kanye no-0.008, ngokulandelanayo) ibonise ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwakukhona phakathi kwalezi zici. Awukho umehluko ekuhlukeni kwe-beta obonwe phakathi kwamazwe, okubonisa ukuhluka okufanayo phakathi kwamaqembu. Isakhiwo sokukala se-Bray-Curtis multivariate (Umfanekiso 2A) ubonise ukuthi amasampula ayehlukaniswe kakhulu ngendawo, kodwa kwakukhona okuhlukile okuphawulekayo. Amasampula amaningana avela ku-An. arabiensis umphakathi kanye nesampula eyodwa evela ku-An. Umphakathi we-coluzzii udlulele ngesampula evela e-Burkina Faso, kanti isampula elilodwa le-An. amasampula e-arabiensis avela eBurkina Faso agqine ne-An. isampula yomphakathi we-arabiensis, engabonisa ukuthi i-microbiota yasekuqaleni yayigcinwe ngokungahleliwe ezizukulwaneni eziningi nasezifundeni eziningi. Amasampula eBurkina Faso awazange ahlukaniswe ngokusobala ngezinhlobo; lokhu kuntuleka kokuhlukaniswa bekulindelekile njengoba abantu ngabanye kamuva bahlanganiswa naphezu kokuvela ezindaweni ezihlukene zezibungu. Ngempela, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukwabelana nge-niche yemvelo ngesikhathi sesiteji sasemanzini kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekubunjweni kwe-microbiota [50]. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngenkathi amasampula omiyane baseBurkina Faso kanye nemiphakathi ingabonisanga mehluko ekusindeni komiyane noma ekufeni ngemva kokuchayeka ezinambuzaneni, amasampula ase-Ethiopia ahlukaniswa ngokusobala, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-microbiota kulawa masampula e-Anopheles kuhlotshaniswa nokumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane. Amasampuli aqoqwe endaweni efanayo, okungase kuchaze ukuhlangana okunamandla.
Ukumelana nama-pyrethroid insecticides kuyi-phenotype eyinkimbinkimbi, kanti nakuba izinguquko kumetabolism kanye nezinhloso zifundwa kahle, izinguquko ku-microbiota ziqala ukuhlolwa. Kulolu cwaningo, sibonisa ukuthi izinguquko ku-microbiota zingase zibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abathile; sibonisa futhi ukumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane e-Anopheles arabiensis yase-Bahir Dar futhi sibonisa izinguquko emibhalweni eyaziwayo ehlobene nokumelana, kanye noshintsho olukhulu ezakhini zofuzo ezihlobene nokuphefumula ezibuye zabonakala ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini lwe-RNA-seq lwe-Anopheles arabiensis yase-Ethiopia . Ngokuhlangene, le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ukumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane kulab’ omiyane kungase kuncike ekuhlanganisweni kwezici zofuzo nezingezona ezofuzo, cishe ngenxa yokuthi ubudlelwano be-symbiotic namagciwane omdabu bungase buhambisane nokuwohloka kwezibulala-zinambuzane kubantu abanamazinga aphansi okumelana.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luhlobanise ukuphefumula okwandayo nokumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane, ngokuhambisana namagama athuthukisiwe e-ontology ku-Bahir Dar RNAseq kanye nedatha ehlanganisiwe yase-Ethiopia etholwe lapha; futhi iphakamisa ukuthi ukumelana kuphumela ekwenyukeni kokuphefumula, kungaba njengembangela noma umphumela wale phenotype. Uma lezi zinguquko ziholela kumehluko emandleni omoya-mpilo osebenzayo kanye nezinhlobo ze-nitrogen, njengoba kwakusikiselwe ngaphambilini, lokhu kungase kube nomthelela ekwazisweni kwe-vector kanye ne-microbial colonization ngokumelana okuhlukile kwebhaktheriya ku-ROS scavenging ngama-commensal bacteria esikhathi eside .
Imininingwane evezwe lapha inikeza ubufakazi bokuthi i-microbiota ingaba nomthelela ekumelaneni nezibulala-zinambuzane ezindaweni ezithile. Siphinde sabonisa ukuthi u-An. omiyane be-arabiensis e-Ethiopia babonisa izinguquko ezifanayo ze-transcriptome ezinikeza ukumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane; nokho, inani lezakhi zofuzo ezihambisana nalezo zaseBurkina Faso lincane. Kusele izixwayiso ezimbalwa mayelana neziphetho okufinyelelwe kuzo lapha nakwezinye izifundo. Okokuqala, ubudlelwano obuyimbangela phakathi kokusinda kwe-pyrethroid kanye ne-microbiota budinga ukuboniswa kusetshenziswa izifundo ze-metabolomic noma ukufakelwa kwe-microbiota. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisekiswa kwamakhandidethi abalulekile kubantu abaningi abavela ezifundeni ezahlukene kudinga ukuboniswa. Okokugcina, ukuhlanganisa idatha ye-transcriptome nedatha ye-microbiota ngokusebenzisa izifundo ezihlosiwe zangemuva kokufakelwa kuzohlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi i-microbiota ithonya ngokuqondile i-transcriptome yomiyane ngokuphathelene nokumelana ne-pyrethroid. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa ndawonye, idatha yethu iphakamisa ukuthi ukumelana nakho kokubili kwendawo kanye nekwamanye amazwe, okugqamisa isidingo sokuhlola imikhiqizo emisha yesibulala-zinambuzane ezindaweni eziningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-24-2025