Izibulala-zinambuzane

Isingeniso

Ama-insecticide abhekisela ohlotsheni lwesibulala-zinambuzane esibulala izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane zezolimo kanye nezilokazane zezempilo zasemadolobheni. Okufana namabhungane, izimpukane, ama-grubs, ama-noseworms, amazeze, nezinye izinambuzane ezicishe zibe ngu-10000. Ama-insecticide anomlando omude wokusetshenziswa, amanani amakhulu, nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi.

Ukwahlukanisa

Kunamazinga amaningi okuhlukanisa izibulala-zinambuzane. Namuhla, sizofunda ngezibulala-zinambuzane ezicini zendlela yesenzo kanye ne-toxicology.

Ngokwendlela yokwenza, izibulala-zinambuzane zingahlukaniswa ngokuthi:

① Ubuthi besisu. Ingena ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla ngomlomo wesinambuzane futhi inomphumela onobuthi, njengeMetrifonate.

② Xhumana nababulali. Ngemva kokuxhumana ne-epidermis noma ama-appendages, ingena emzimbeni wezinambuzane, noma igqwalise ungqimba lwe-wax lomzimba wezinambuzane, noma ivimbele i-valve ukubulala izinambuzane, njenge-pyrethrin, i-emulsion yamafutha amaminerali, njll.

③ Ifumigant. Umhwamuko ukhiqizwa ngokushintshashintsha kwegesi enobuthi, uketshezi noma okuqinile ukuze kube nobuthi ezinambuzaneni noma amagciwane, njenge-Bromomethane.

④ Ukuhogela izibulala-zinambuzane. Imuncwa imbewu yezitshalo, izimpande, isiqu, namaqabunga bese ithuthelwa kuso sonke isitshalo, phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi, i-pathogen noma ama-metabolites ayo acushiwe angena emzimbeni wezinambuzane ngokudla izicubu zezitshalo noma ukumunca ijusi yezitshalo, edlala indima enobuthi, njenge-dimethoate.

Ngokwemiphumela ye-toxicological, ama-insecticides angahlukaniswa njenge:

① Ama-Neurotoxic agents. Isebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa lwezinambuzane, njenge-DDT, i-parathion, i-carbofuran, i-Pyrethrin, njll.

② Izisetshenziswa zokuphefumula. Vimbela ama-enzyme okuphefumula ezinambuzane, njenge-cyanuric acid.

③ ama-Physical agents. Ama-agent kawoyela amaminerali angavimba i-valve yezinambuzane, kuyilapho impushana engenzi lutho ingalimaza isikhumba sezinambuzane futhi izibangele ukuba zife.

④ Izibulala-zinambuzane ezithile. Ukubangela ukusabela okungavamile komzimba kwezinambuzane, njengezixoshi ezigcina izinambuzane kude nezitshalo, izinto ezikhangayo eziyenga izinambuzane ngocansi noma isiyengo, ama-antifeedants avimbela ukunambitheka kwawo futhi angasadli, okuholela endlala nokufa, ama-ejenti oyinyumba asebenza ekusebenzeni kokuzala kwabantu abadala ukuze abangele ukungazali kowesilisa noma wesifazane, futhi kuthinte ukukhula kwezinambuzane, ukuzala kanye nezinambuzane. izinambuzane.

DukuthuthukiswaDukuphaphama

① Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke kubangela imisebenzi yezinambuzane nezifo, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Emkhiqizweni wezolimo, ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo kuhlobene eduze nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Uma izimo zezulu zingalungile ekukhuleni kwezinambuzane nezifo, izinga lokuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo lizoncishiswa kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.

② Izibulala-zinambuzane zisagcina isikhundla esiphezulu emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane yamazwe ngamazwe, enezinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zezibulala-zinambuzane, okuyizibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-sikhunta, nezibulala-khula, ezingabadlali abakhulu emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-2009, ama-insecticide ayesathatha ama-25% emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane emhlabeni wonke, kanti iNyakatho Melika kanye neNtshonalanga Yurophu igcina isabelo semakethe esikhulu kunazo zonke, esibalelwa cishe ku-70% wayo yonke imakethe.

③ Njengoba imboni yomhlaba wonke yezibulala-zinambuzane iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi ibhekene nochungechunge lwezidingo ezintsha, okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane eminyakeni edlule kuye kwabangela amazinga ahlukene okunukubezeka kwemvelo nakubantu nemfuyo. Ngakho-ke, umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe unezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokusebenzisa ubuthi obusebenzayo, obuncane, izinsalela eziphansi, nezibulala-zinambuzane ezingangcolisi, ikakhulukazi embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane.