Izibulala-zinambuzane

Isingeniso

Ama-insecticide abhekisela kuhlobo lwesibulala-zinambuzane esibulala izinambuzane, esisetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula izinambuzane zezolimo kanye nezinambuzane zezempilo zasemadolobheni. Njengezimbungulu, izimpukane, ama-grub, izimpethu zekhala, izinambuzane, kanye nezinye izinambuzane ezingaba ngu-10000. Ama-insecticide anomlando omude wokusetshenziswa, inani elikhulu, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Kunezindinganiso eziningi zokuhlukanisa izibulala-zinambuzane. Namuhla, sizofunda ngezibulala-zinambuzane ezicini zendlela yokusebenza kanye ne-toxicology.

Ngokuya ngendlela yokusebenza, izibulala-zinambuzane zingahlukaniswa kanje:

① Ubuthi besisu. Bungena ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla ngomlomo wesinambuzane futhi bunomphumela onobuthi, njenge-Metrifonate.

② Izinto ezibulala ukuxhumana. Ngemva kokuthintana ne-epidermis noma izitho zomzimba, ingena emzimbeni wezinambuzane, noma igqwalise ungqimba lwe-wax lomzimba wezinambuzane, noma ivimbe i-valve ukuze ibulale izinambuzane, njenge-pyrethrin, i-mineral oil emulsion, njll.

③ I-Fumigant. Umhwamuko udalwa ukuguquguquka kwegesi enobuthi, uketshezi noma okuqinile ukuze kufakwe ubuthi ezinambuzaneni noma amagciwane, njenge-Bromomethane.

④ Ukuphefumula izibulala-zinambuzane. Uma zimuncwa yimbewu yezitshalo, izimpande, iziqu, namaqabunga bese zithuthwa ziye esitshalweni sonke, phakathi nesikhathi esithile, igciwane noma ama-metabolites alo asebenzayo angena emzimbeni wezinambuzane ngokudla izicubu zezitshalo noma ngokumunca ujusi wezitshalo, okudlala indima enobuthi, njenge-dimethoate.

Ngokusho kwemiphumela yobuthi, izibulala-zinambuzane zingahlukaniswa kanje:

① Izinto ezinobuthi be-neuro. Zisebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa lwezinambuzane, njenge-DDT, i-parathion, i-carbofuran, i-Pyrethrin, njll.

② Izinto zokuphefumula. Zivimbela ama-enzyme okuphefumula ezinambuzane, njenge-cyanuric acid.

③ Izinto ezibonakalayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswa uwoyela wamaminerali zingavimba ivalvu yezinambuzane, kanti impuphu engasebenzi kahle ingasusa isikhumba sezinambuzane futhi ibangele ukuba zife.

④ Izibulala-zinambuzane ezithile. Okubangela ukusabela okungavamile ngokomzimba kwezinambuzane, njengezixoshi ezigcina izinambuzane kude nezitshalo, izinto eziheha izinambuzane ngocansi noma ngesicupho, izinto ezivimbela ukudla ezivimbela ukunambitheka kwazo futhi ezingasadli, okuholela endlaleni nasekufeni, izinto ezihlanzekile ezisebenza emsebenzini wokuzala wabantu abadala ukuze zibangele ukungazali kwendoda noma owesifazane, kanye nabalawuli bokukhula kwezinambuzane abathinta ukukhula, ukuguquka kwesimo, kanye nokuzala kwezinambuzane.

DintuthukoDukuqondiswa

① Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke kubangela imisebenzi yezinambuzane nezifo, okuholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo kuhlobene kakhulu nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Uma izimo zesimo sezulu zingakuvumeli ukukhula kwezinambuzane nezifo, izinga lokuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo lizoncipha kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.

② Izibulala-zinambuzane zisaqhubeka nokuba yizona eziholayo emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zomhlaba wonke, kanti izinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zezibulala-zinambuzane, okungukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, ziyizidlali eziphambili emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zomhlaba wonke. Ngo-2009, izibulala-zinambuzane zazisalokhu zingu-25% wemakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane yomhlaba wonke, kanti iNyakatho Melika kanye neNtshonalanga Yurophu zigcina isabelo semakethe esikhulu kunazo zonke, zingu-70% wemakethe yonke.

③ Njengoba imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane yomhlaba wonke iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, nayo ibhekene nochungechunge lwezidingo ezintsha, okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane eminyakeni edlule kubangele amazinga ahlukahlukene okungcola emvelweni nakubantu nasezilwaneni. Ngakho-ke, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba unezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zezibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenzayo, ezinobuthi obuphansi, ezisele kancane, kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezingenayo ingcoliso, ikakhulukazi embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane.