IGuadeloupe neMartinique zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lomdlavuza wendlala yesinye emhlabeni, kanti i-chlordecone ibilokhu isetshenziswa kabanzi emasimini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
UTiburts Cleon waqala ukusebenza esemusha emasimini amakhulu kabhanana aseGuadeloupe. Iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, wasebenza kanzima emasimini, echitha amahora amaningi elangeni laseCaribbean. Ngemuva kwalokho, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngo-2021, kwatholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza wendlala, isifo esathinta ozakwabo abaningi.
Ukwelashwa nokuhlinzwa kukaKleon kube yimpumelelo enkulu, futhi uzibona enenhlanhla yokuthi useluleme. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuphila yonke yokususwa kwe-prostate, njengokungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo, ukungazali kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, ingaguqula impilo. Ngenxa yalokho, ozakwabo abaningi bakaKleon bazizwa benamahloni futhi benqikaza ukukhuluma obala ngobunzima babo. “Impilo yashintsha lapho ngitholakala nginomdlavuza we-prostate,” esho. “Abanye abantu balahlekelwa yisifiso sokuphila.”
Imizwa phakathi kwabasebenzi yayiphezulu. Noma nini lapho kuvela indaba ye-chlordecone, kuba nentukuthelo enkulu eqondiswe kulabo abasemandleni - uhulumeni, abakhiqizi bezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemboni kabhanana.
UJean-Marie Nomertain wasebenza emasimini kabhanana aseGuadeloupe kwaze kwaba ngu-2001. Namuhla, ungunobhala jikelele we-General Confederation of Labour yesiqhingi, emele abasebenzi basemasimini. Usola uhulumeni waseFrance kanye nabakhiqizi bamabhanana ngale nkinga. “Kwakuwukudliswa ushevu ngamabomu nguhulumeni, futhi babeyazi kahle imiphumela,” esho.
Amarekhodi abonisa ukuthi ekuqaleni kuka-1968, isicelo semvume yokusebenzisa i-Chlordecone senqatshwa ngoba izifundo zibonise ukuthi iyingozi ezilwaneni futhi iyingozi yokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngemva kwengxoxo eningi yokuphatha kanye neminye imibuzo eminingana, umnyango wagcina uguqule isinqumo sawo futhi wavuma ukusetshenziswa kwe-Chlordecone ngo-1972. I-Chlordecone yabe isisetshenziswa iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Ngo-2021, uhulumeni waseFrance wengeza umdlavuza wendlala ohlwini lwezifo eziphathelene nomsebenzi ezihlobene nokuchayeka ezibulala-zinambuzane, ukunqoba okuncane kwabasebenzi. Uhulumeni wasungula isikhwama sokunxephezela izisulu, futhi ekupheleni konyaka odlule, izimangalo ezingu-168 zase zivunyiwe.
Kwabanye, kuncane kakhulu, sekwephuzile kakhulu. UYvon Serenus, umongameli weMartinique Union of Agricultural Workers Poisoned by Pesticides, uhamba ngeMartinique ngqo ukuyovakashela abasebenzi basemasimini abagulayo. Ukuhamba ngemoto ihora elilodwa ukusuka enhloko-dolobha iFort-de-France ukuya eSainte-Marie, amasimu kabhanana angenamkhawulo afinyelela emkhathizwe—isikhumbuzo esicacile sokuthi imboni kabhanana isathinta umhlaba kanye nabantu bawo.
Isisebenzi uSilen ahlangana naso kulokhu sasisanda kuthatha umhlalaphansi. Sasineminyaka engu-65 kuphela ubudala futhi siphefumula ngosizo lomshini wokuphefumula. Njengoba beqala ukuxoxa ngesiCreole nokugcwalisa amafomu, washeshe wanquma ukuthi kwakuwumzamo omkhulu kakhulu. Wakhomba inothi elibhalwe ngesandla etafuleni. Lalibala okungenani izifo eziyi-10, okuhlanganisa "nenkinga ye-prostate" ayetholakale enayo.
Iningi labasebenzi ahlangana nabo lalihlushwa izifo ezahlukahlukene, hhayi umdlavuza wendlala kuphela. Nakuba kukhona ucwaningo ngeminye imiphumela ye-chlordecone, njengezinkinga zamahomoni nezenhliziyo, isalokhu ilinganiselwe kakhulu ukuthi ingadinga isinxephezelo esandisiwe. Kungenye iphuzu elibuhlungu kubasebenzi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, abasala bengenalutho.
Umthelela we-chlordecone udlulela ngalé kwabasebenzi basemapulazini. Leli khemikhali lingcolisa nezakhamuzi zendawo ngokudla. Ngo-2014, kwalinganiselwa ukuthi ama-90% ezakhamuzi ayene-chlordecone egazini lawo.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchayeka, abantu kufanele bagweme ukudla ukudla okungcolile okutshalwe noma okubanjwe ezindaweni ezingcolile. Le nkinga izodinga izinguquko zendlela yokuphila yesikhathi eside, futhi akukho ukuphela okubonakalayo, njengoba i-chlordecone ingangcolisa inhlabathi iminyaka efinyelela ku-600.
EGuadeloupe naseMartinique, ukuphila ngomhlaba akuyona nje into evamile, kodwa kuyinto enezimpande zomlando ezijulile. Izingadi zamaCreole zinomlando omude eziqhingini, zinikeza imindeni eminingi ukudla nezitshalo zokwelapha. Ziwubufakazi bokwaneliseka okwaqala ngabantu bomdabu bakulesi siqhingi futhi kwabunjwa yizizukulwane zezigqila.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-01-2025