I-Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) ingenye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zokubulala ukhula, okubalwa ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yemakethe. Ngenxa yokuthi lo khula ukhula usebenza kakhulu ku-chlorophyll futhi unobuthi obuphansi ezincelisayo, lo khula ukhula unezici zokusebenza kahle kakhulu, ubuthi obuphansi kanye nokuphepha.
Izilwane, izitshalo, amabhaktheriya kanye nesikhunta konke kuqukethe i-protoporphyrinogen oxidase, evuselela i-protoporphyrinogen IX ibe yi-protoporphyrin IX ngaphansi kwesimo se-oxygen yama-molecule, i-protoporphyrinogen oxidase iyi-enzyme yokugcina evamile ku-tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, ikakhulukazi ehlanganisa i-ferrous heme kanye ne-chlorophyll. Ezitshalweni, i-protoporphyrinogen oxidase inama-isoenzyme amabili, atholakala kuma-mitochondria kanye nama-chloroplast ngokulandelana. Ama-Protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors ayimithi yokubulala ukhula enamandla, engafeza injongo yokulawula ukhula ikakhulukazi ngokuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-pigment ezitshalo, futhi ibe nesikhathi esifushane esisele enhlabathini, okungeyona ingozi ezitshalweni zakamuva. Izinhlobo ezintsha zale herbicide zinezici zokukhetha, umsebenzi ophezulu, ubuthi obuphansi futhi akulula ukuziqoqa endaweni ezungezile.
Izithibi ze-PPO zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokubulala ukhula
1. Izibulali-zinambuzane ze-Diphenyl ether
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-PPO zakamuva
3.1 Igama le-ISO elithi saflufenacil elitholwe ngo-2007 - BASF, ilungelo lobunikazi seliphelelwe yisikhathi ngo-2021.
Ngo-2009, i-benzochlor yabhaliswa okokuqala e-United States futhi yathengiswa ngo-2010. I-Benzochlor okwamanje ibhalisiwe e-United States, eCanada, eShayina, eNicaragua, eChile, e-Argentina, eBrazil nase-Australia. Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amaningi eShayina asenqubweni yokubhaliswa.
3.2 Uwine igama le-ISO elithi tiafenacil ngo-2013 kanti ilungelo lobunikazi liphelelwa yisikhathi ngo-2029.
Ngo-2018, i-flursulfuryl ester yaqalwa ukwethulwa eNingizimu Korea; Ngo-2019, yaqalwa eSri Lanka, okwavula uhambo lokukhangisa umkhiqizo ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Njengamanje, i-flursulfuryl ester nayo ibhalisiwe e-Australia, e-United States, eCanada, eBrazil nakwamanye amazwe, futhi ibhaliswe ngenkuthalo kwezinye izimakethe ezinkulu.
3.3 Igama le-ISO elithi trifludimoxazin (trifluoxazin) latholakala ngo-2014 kanti ilungelo lobunikazi liphelelwa yisikhathi ngo-2030.
Ngomhlaka-28 Meyi 2020, umuthi wokuqala we-trifluoxazine wabhaliswa e-Australia okokuqala emhlabeni, futhi inqubo yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke ye-trifluoxazine yathuthukiswa ngokushesha, kwathi ngoJulayi 1 walowo nyaka, umkhiqizo we-BASF ohlanganisiwe (125.0g /L tricfluoxazine + 250.0g /L benzosulfuramide suspension) nawo wavunyelwa ukubhaliswa e-Australia.
3.4 Igama le-ISO i-cyclopyranil etholakale ngo-2017 - ilungelo lobunikazi liphelelwa yisikhathi ngo-2034.
Inkampani yaseJapan yafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi laseYurophu (EP3031806) lekhompawundi ejwayelekile, okuhlanganisa nekhompawundi ye-cyclopyranil, futhi yafaka isicelo se-PCT, incwadi yamazwe ngamazwe enguNombolo WO2015020156A1, enomhlaka-7 Agasti 2014. Leli lungelo lobunikazi ligunyaziwe eShayina, e-Australia, eBrazil, e-Italy, eJapane, eNingizimu Korea, eRussia nase-United States.
I-epyrifenacil engu-3.5 inikezwe igama le-ISO ngo-2020
I-Epyrifenacil broad spectrum, umphumela osheshayo, osetshenziswa kakhulu kummbila, ukolweni, ibhali, ilayisi, amabele, isoya, ukotini, ushukela beet, amakinati, i-sunflower, i-rape, izimbali, izitshalo zokuhlobisa, imifino, ukuvimbela ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi kanye nokhula lotshani, njenge-setae, utshani bezinkomo, utshani be-barnyard, utshani be-rye, utshani be-tail nokunye.
3.6 ISO eqanjwe ngokuthi i-flufenoximacil (Flufenoximacil) ngo-2022
I-Fluridine iyi-herbicide yokuvimbela i-PPO ene-wide sea spectrum, i-fast action rate, isebenza ngosuku olufanayo lokusetshenziswa, kanye nokuguquguquka okuhle kwezitshalo ezilandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fluridine nayo inomsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu, inciphisa inani lezithako ezisebenzayo ze-insecticide herbicides ezingeni le-gram, okuyinto enobungani nemvelo.
Ngo-Ephreli 2022, i-fluridine yabhaliswa eCambodia, okuwuhlu lwayo lokuqala emhlabeni jikelele. Umkhiqizo wokuqala oqukethe lesi sithako esiyinhloko uzofakwa ohlwini eShayina ngaphansi kwegama lokuhweba elithi “Fast as the wind”.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-26-2024