I-Lambda-cyhalothrin, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cyhalothrin ne-kungfu cyhalothrin, yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo yiqembu le-AR Jutsum ngo-1984. Indlela yayo yokusebenza iwukushintsha ukungeneka kolwelwesi lwezinzwa zesinambuzane, luvimbele ukuhamba kwe-axon yenzwa yesinambuzane, lucekele phansi umsebenzi we-neuron ngokuxhumana. ngeshaneli ye-sodium ion, yenza isinambuzane esinobuthi sijabule ngokweqile, sikhubazekile futhi sife, futhi singakwazi ukusiwisa ngokushesha izinambuzane.I-Lambda-cyhalothrin inezici ze-spectrum ebanzi ye-insecticidal, umsebenzi ophezulu kanye nesikhathi eside somphumela, futhi ifanele ukulawula izinambuzane ezitshalweni ezinjengokolweni, ummbila, izihlahla zezithelo, ukotini, imifino ye-cruciferous, njll.
1 Isimo esiyisisekelo
高效氯氟氰菊酯Igama lesiNgisi: Lambda-cyhalothrin;Ifomula yemolekyuli: C23H19ClF3NO3;Iphuzu lokubilisa: 187℃/190℃/0.2 mmHg;Inombolo ye-CAS: 91465-08-633.
Isakhiwo somkhiqizo siboniswa kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 1 Ifomula yesakhiwo ye-beta-cyhalothrin
2 Ubuthi nokulawula okuhlosiwe
I-Beta-cyhalothrin inokubulala okuthintwayo kanye nemiphumela yobuthi esiswini, futhi inomphumela othile wokugwema futhi awukho umphumela wesistimu.Inomphumela omuhle wokulawula ezinambuzaneni ezihlafunayo ezifana nezibungu ze-Lepidoptera nezinye izibhungane ze-Coleoptera, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane ezihlabayo ezihlabayo ezifana ne-pear psyllium.Izinto eziyinhloko ezilawulwa yi-beta-cyhalothrin amamidges, armyworms, corn borer, beet armyworms, heartworms, leaf rollers, armyworms, swallowtail butterflies, fruit armyworms, cotton bollworms, red bollworms, amacimbi eklabishi, njll. Ethafeni elinotshani nasethafeni elomile, izitshalo, inganqanda futhi ilawule i-borer yotshani, njll. Sebenzisa izinkathi zonyaka ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba: eShayina, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-August;INingizimu/eNyakatho Melika, kusukela ngo-March kuya ku-May no-September kuya ku-December;INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuMeyi;EYurophu, kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi noSepthemba kuya kuDisemba inyanga.
3 Inqubo yokuhlanganisa kanye nezixhumanisi eziyinhloko
(1) Ukwenziwa kwe-trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid chloride
I-Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid (Kung fu acid) ihlangana ne-thionyl chloride, idilize futhi ilungise ukuze ithole i-trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid chloride.
(2) Ukwenziwa kowoyela ongahluziwe we-chlorofluorocyanide
I-Chlorofluroyl chloride, i-m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (i-ether aldehyde) ne-sodium cyanide kukhiqizwa ukuze kutholwe uwoyela ongahluziwe we-chlorofluorocyanide ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst.
(3) Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-beta-cyhalothrin
Ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-amine ephilayo, i-chlorofluorocyanide engahluziwe ithola i-epimerization ukuze ikhiqize i-beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Isimo semakethe yasekhaya
Ngokombuzo we-China Pesticide Information Network, kusukela ngoMeyi 20, 2022, isibalo sokubhaliswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwe-alpha-cyhalothrin sasingu-45, kanti okuqukethwe okubhalisiwe bekungama-81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, kanye nama-98%.Phakathi kwazo, ukubhaliswa okunokuqukethwe okungu-95%, 96%, no-98% kubalele ingxenye enkulu.
Ngokombuzo we-China Pesticide Information Network, kusukela ngomhla ka-May 20, 2022. Idatha yokubhaliswa kwasekhaya yamalungiselelo e-beta-cyhalothrin ibonisa ukuthi kukhona izingxube zomthamo owodwa, lapho i-621 ingumthamo owodwa futhi i-216 ihlanganisiwe.Umthamo owodwa: 621 obhalisiwe, amalungiselelo ayinhloko 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g/L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g/L, 2.5% emulsion amanzi, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g/L , 50 g/L EC, 25%, 10%, 2.5% WP, 2.5%, 10%, 25 g/L microcapsule suspension, njll. Izingxube ezihlanganisiwe: 216 ezibhalisiwe, ikakhulukazi nge-Acitretin, Acitrate, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid I-Phoxim, i-Triazophos, i-Dextromethrin, i-Pymetrozine neminye imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe.Amafomu omthamo omkhulu yilawa: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% emulsion enamanzi, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% i-ejenti yokumisa, 2% , 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% powder omanzi, njll.
5 Isimo semakethe yaphesheya
5.1 Ukubhaliswa kwamalungiselelo aphesheya kwezilwandle
Imithamo eyodwa eyinhloko ebhalisiwe ngu-25 g/L, 50 g/L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Izingxube eziyinhloko yilezi: i-beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + high-efficiency chlorofluorocarbon Cypecytacending6d% i-halothrin 1.5 % EC.
5.2 Imikhiqizo yaseShayina
Kusukela ngowezi-2015 kuya kowezi-2019, ingqikithi yezinkampani ezingama-582 zithumele imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ye-cyhalothrin yobuchwepheshe neyokulungiselela, kanti ivolumu yokuthekelisa yezinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu zibalele kuma-45% yenani eliphelele lokuthumela ngaphandle (iqoqo leminyaka emihlanu).Izinkampani eziyishumi ezihamba phambili zibalwe kuThebula lesi-2.
Isilinganiso somthamo wokuthekelisa wezinto zobuchwepheshe singamathani ayi-2,400/ngonyaka, kanti inani eliphakeme lokuthekelisa lingamathani ayi-3,000 ngonyaka.Ivolumu yokuthekelisa iye yanda unyaka nonyaka kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2019. Isilinganiso somthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wamalungiselelo aphathekayo singamathani ayi-14,800/ngonyaka, futhi inani eliphakeme lokuthekelisa lingamathani ayi-17,000 (2017), bese ivolumu yokuthekelisa izinzile;isilinganiso somthamo wamalungiselelo wokuthekelisa singamathani angama-460/ngonyaka, futhi esiphezulu singamathani angama-515/ngonyaka.
Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2019, imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe neyokulungiselela ye-cyhalothrin yathunyelwa ezimakethe ezingama-77.Izimakethe ezinhlanu eziphambili kwakuyi-United States, Belgium, India, Argentina, nePakistan.Izimakethe ezinhlanu eziphezulu zenza ama-57% ezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseChina.(iminyaka emi-5 ihlangene).
6 Izitayela zemakethe zakamuva
Ngokusho kwemithombo yabezindaba, ngoMeyi 7, 2022, ngesikhathi sendawo, ifektri yenkampani ye-agrochemical yaseNdiya i-Bharat Rasayan, ekhiqiza ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo ye-pyrethroid kanye nabaxhumanisi abahlobene nayo, yavutha umlilo ngemuva kokuqhuma kwebhayela.
I-India ingomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bezibulala-zinambuzane ezingenalungelo lobunikazi emhlabeni, phakathi kwayo amandla okukhiqiza ama-intermediates abalulekile emikhiqizo ye-pyrethroid, i-methyl betinate ne-ether aldehyde, iphakeme kakhulu.Ngo-2021, u-Bharat Rasayan uzothekelisa amathani angaphezu kuka-6,000 emithi yobuchwepheshe yezibulala-zinambuzane, amalungiselelo kanye neziphakathi, lapho ama-61% awo imithi yobuchwepheshe, amalungiselelo angu-13% kanye nama-intermediates angu-26% (ikakhulukazi ama-pyrethroid intermediates).Njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuhlanganisa izibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid, i-ether aldehyde inesidingo sasekhaya saminyaka yonke esingamathani angaba ngu-6,000, cishe ingxenye yawo edinga ukuthengwa eNdiya.
Njengoba imakethe yasekhaya ye-cyhalothrin isisondela ekupheleni, futhi inkampani yase-India akuyona ibhizinisi eliyinhloko elikhiqiza okuphakathi okuhlobene ne-alpha-cyhalothrin njenge-ether aldehydes, umthelela emakethe yasekhaya mncane uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhokha. ukunaka ukuthunyelwa kwakamuva.Izingcaphuno.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-08-2022