I-Lambda-cyhalothrin, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cyhalothrin kanye ne-kungfu cyhalothrin, yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo yiqembu le-AR Jutsum ngo-1984. Indlela yayo yokusebenza iwukushintsha ukungeneka kolwelwesi lwezinzwa zesinambuzane, luvimbele ukuhamba kwe-axon yenzwa yesinambuzane, lucekele phansi umsebenzi we-neuron ngokusebenzisana nesiteshi se-sodium ion, ukwenza isinambuzane sidle ushevu futhi sife, sife ngokushesha. inkathazo. I-Lambda-cyhalothrin inezici ze-spectrum ebanzi ye-insecticidal, umsebenzi ophezulu kanye nesikhathi eside somphumela, futhi ifanele ukulawula izinambuzane ezitshalweni ezinjengokolweni, ummbila, izihlahla zezithelo, ukotini, imifino ye-cruciferous, njll.
1 Isimo esiyisisekelo
高效氯氟氰菊酯Igama lesiNgisi: Lambda-cyhalothrin; Ifomula yemolekyuli: C23H19ClF3NO3; Iphuzu lokubilisa: 187℃/190℃/0.2 mmHg; Inombolo ye-CAS: 91465-08-633.
Isakhiwo somkhiqizo siboniswa kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 1 Ifomula yesakhiwo ye-beta-cyhalothrin
2 Ubuthi nokulawula okuhlosiwe
I-Beta-cyhalothrin inokubulala okuthintwayo kanye nemiphumela yobuthi esiswini, futhi inomphumela othile wokugwema futhi awukho umphumela wesistimu. Inomphumela omuhle wokulawula ezinambuzaneni ezihlafunayo ezifana nezibungu ze-Lepidoptera nezinye izibhungane ze-Coleoptera, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane ezihlabayo ezihlabayo ezifana ne-pear psyllium. Izinto eziyinhloko ezilawulwa yi-beta-cyhalothrin amamidges, armyworms, corn borer, beet armyworms, heartworms, leaf roller, armyworms, swallowtail butterflies, fruit armyworms, cotton bollworms, red bollworms, iklabishi amacimbi, njll. Emathafeni otshani angakwazi ukulawula utshani notshani, njll. Sebenzisa izinkathi zonyaka ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba: eShayina, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-August; INingizimu/eNyakatho Melika, kusukela ngo-March kuya ku-May no-September kuya ku-December; INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuMeyi; EYurophu, kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi noSepthemba kuya kuDisemba inyanga.
3 Inqubo yokuhlanganisa kanye nezixhumanisi eziyinhloko
(1) Ukwenziwa kwe-trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid chloride
I-Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid (Kung fu acid) ihlangana ne-thionyl chloride, idilize futhi ilungise ukuze ithole i-trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid chloride.
(2) Ukwenziwa kowoyela ongahluziwe we-chlorofluorocyanide
I-Chlorofluroyl chloride, i-m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (i-ether aldehyde) ne-sodium cyanide kukhiqizwa ukuze kutholwe uwoyela ongahluziwe we-chlorofluorocyanide ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst.
(3) Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-beta-cyhalothrin
Ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-amine ephilayo, i-chlorofluorocyanide engahluziwe ithola i-epimerization ukuze ikhiqize i-beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Isimo semakethe yasekhaya
Ngokombuzo we-China Pesticide Information Network, kusukela ngoMeyi 20, 2022, isibalo sokubhaliswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwe-alpha-cyhalothrin sasingu-45, kanti okuqukethwe okubhalisiwe bekungama-81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, kanye nama-98%. Phakathi kwazo, ukubhaliswa okunokuqukethwe okungu-95%, 96%, no-98% kubalele ingxenye enkulu.
Ngokombuzo we-China Pesticide Information Network, kusukela ngomhla ka-May 20, 2022. Idatha yokubhaliswa kwasekhaya yamalungiselelo e-beta-cyhalothrin ibonisa ukuthi kukhona izingxube zomthamo owodwa, lapho i-621 ingumthamo owodwa futhi i-216 ihlanganisiwe. Umthamo owodwa: 621 obhalisiwe, amalungiselelo ayinhloko 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g/L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g/L, 2.5% emulsion amanzi, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g/L, 50 g/L 5% WP, 1%, EC. I-2.5%, i-10%, i-25 g / L yokumiswa kwe-microcapsule, njll. Izingxube ezihlanganisiwe: 216 ezibhalisiwe, ikakhulukazi nge-Acitretin, Acitrate, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Phoxim, Triazophos, Dextromethrin, Pymetrozine kanye neminye imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe. Amafomu omthamo omkhulu yilawa: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% emulsion enamanzi, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% i-ejenti yokumisa, 2% , 5%, 0% ulsion, 2%, 2%, 2% 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% powder omanzi, njll.
5 Isimo semakethe yaphesheya
5.1 Ukubhaliswa kwamalungiselelo aphesheya kwezilwandle
Imithamo eyodwa eyinhloko ebhalisiwe ngu-25 g/L, 50 g/L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Izingxube eziyinhloko yilezi: i-beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, i-beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + high-efficiency chlorofluorocarbon Cypendingtamicent6d% 2% + Beta-cyhalothrin 1.5% EC.
5.2 Imikhiqizo yaseShayina
Kusukela ngowezi-2015 kuya kowezi-2019, ingqikithi yezinkampani ezingama-582 zithumele imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ye-cyhalothrin yobuchwepheshe neyokulungiselela, kanti ivolumu yokuthekelisa yezinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu zibalele kuma-45% yenani eliphelele lokuthumela ngaphandle (iqoqo leminyaka emihlanu). Izinkampani eziyishumi ezihamba phambili zibalwe kuThebula lesi-2.
Isilinganiso somthamo wokuthekelisa wezinto zobuchwepheshe singamathani ayi-2,400/ngonyaka, kanti inani eliphakeme lokuthekelisa lingamathani ayi-3,000 ngonyaka. Ivolumu yokuthekelisa iye yanda unyaka nonyaka kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2019. Isilinganiso somthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wamalungiselelo aphathekayo singamathani ayi-14,800/ngonyaka, futhi inani eliphakeme lokuthekelisa lingamathani ayi-17,000 (2017), bese ivolumu yokuthekelisa izinzile; isilinganiso somthamo wamalungiselelo wokuthekelisa singamathani angama-460/ngonyaka, futhi esiphezulu singamathani angama-515/ngonyaka.
Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2019, imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe neyokulungiselela ye-cyhalothrin yathunyelwa ezimakethe ezingama-77. Izimakethe ezinhlanu eziphambili kwakuyi-United States, Belgium, India, Argentina, nePakistan. Izimakethe ezinhlanu eziphezulu zenza ama-57% ezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseChina. (iminyaka emi-5 ihlangene).
6 Izitayela zemakethe zakamuva
Ngokusho kwemithombo yabezindaba, ngoMeyi 7, 2022, ngesikhathi sendawo, ifektri yenkampani ye-agrochemical yaseNdiya i-Bharat Rasayan, ekhiqiza ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo ye-pyrethroid kanye nabaxhumanisi abahlobene nayo, yavutha umlilo ngemuva kokuqhuma kwebhayela.
I-India ingomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bezibulala-zinambuzane ezingenalungelo lobunikazi emhlabeni, phakathi kwayo amandla okukhiqiza ama-intermediates abalulekile emikhiqizo ye-pyrethroid, i-methyl betinate ne-ether aldehyde, iphakeme kakhulu. Ngo-2021, u-Bharat Rasayan uzothekelisa amathani angaphezu kuka-6,000 emithi yobuchwepheshe yezibulala-zinambuzane, amalungiselelo kanye neziphakathi, lapho ama-61% awo imithi yobuchwepheshe, amalungiselelo angu-13% kanye nama-intermediates angu-26% (ikakhulukazi ama-pyrethroid intermediates). Njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuhlanganisa izibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid, i-ether aldehyde inesidingo sasekhaya saminyaka yonke esingamathani angaba ngu-6,000, cishe ingxenye yawo edinga ukuthengwa eNdiya.
Njengoba imakethe yasekhaya ye-cyhalothrin isisondela ekupheleni, futhi inkampani yaseNdiya akuyona ibhizinisi eliyinhloko elikhiqiza okuphakathi okuhlobene ne-alpha-cyhalothrin njenge-ether aldehydes, umthelela emakethe yasekhaya mncane uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ukuthunyelwa kwamuva nje. Izingcaphuno.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-08-2022