Omiyane nezifo ezithwalwa omiyane kuyinkinga ekhulayo yomhlaba wonke. Okukhishwe kwezitshalo kanye/noma uwoyela kungasetshenziswa njengenye indlela yezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa. Kulolu cwaningo, amafutha angu-32 (ku-1000 ppm) ahlolelwe umsebenzi wawo wokubulala izibungu ngokumelene nezibungu ze-Culex pipiens ze-instar yesine futhi amafutha angcono kakhulu ahlolwe umsebenzi wawo wokudala futhi ahlaziywa nge-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) kanye ne-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Omiyane bayi-inkathazo yasendulo,kanye nezifo ezithwalwa omiyane ziwusongo olukhulayo empilweni yembulunga yonke, zisongela ngaphezu kuka-40% wabantu bomhlaba. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2050, cishe ingxenye yabantu emhlabeni izobe isisengozini yokungenwa amagciwane athwalwa omiyane. 1 I-Culex pipiens (i-Diptera: Culicidae) umiyane osabalele osakaza izifo eziyingozi ezidala ukugula okukhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukufa kubantu nasezilwaneni.
Ukulawulwa kwezilwane kuyindlela eyinhloko yokunciphisa ukukhathazeka komphakathi ngezifo ezithwalwa omiyane. Ukulawula kokubili omiyane abadala kanye nezibungu ngezibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-zinambuzane kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa ukulunywa omiyane. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa kungaholela ekumelaneni nezibulala-zinambuzane, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kanye nezingozi zezempilo kubantu nasezintweni ezingahlosiwe.
Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthola ezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa eco-friendly kunezithako ezisekelwe ezitshalweni ezifana namafutha abalulekile (EOs). Amafutha abalulekile ayizingxenye ezishintshashintshayo ezitholakala emindenini eminingi yezitshalo njenge-Asteraceae, i-Rutaceae, i-Myrtaceae, i-Lauraceae, i-Lamiaceae, i-Apiaceae, i-Piperaceae, i-Poaceae, i-Zingiberaceae, ne-Cupressaceae14. Amafutha abalulekile aqukethe inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yezinhlanganisela ezifana ne-phenols, sesquiterpenes, ne-monoterpenes15.
Amafutha abalulekile ane-antibacterial, antiviral kanye ne-antifungal properties. Futhi zinezindawo zokubulala izinambuzane futhi zingabangela imiphumela ye-neurotoxic ngokuphazamisana nokusebenza komzimba, umzimba, ukuziphatha kanye ne-biochemical yezinambuzane lapho amafutha abalulekile ehogelwa, emuncwa noma emuncwa esikhumbeni16. Amafutha abalulekile angasetshenziswa njengama-insecticide, ama-larvicides, ama-repellents kanye nezinambuzane. Azinabuthi obuncane, zibola futhi zinganqoba ukumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane.
Amafutha abalulekile aya ngokuya ethandwa phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezinto eziphilayo kanye nabathengi abaqaphela imvelo futhi afanele izindawo zasemadolobheni, amakhaya kanye nezinye izindawo ezizwela imvelo.
Indima yamafutha abalulekile ekulawuleni omiyane kuxoxwe ngayo15,19. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuhlola nokuhlola amanani abulalayo e-larvicidal amafutha abalulekile angama-32 kanye nokuhlaziya umsebenzi we-adenocidal kanye namakhemikhali e-phytochemicals kawoyela abalulekile asebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene nama-Culex pipiens.
Kulolu cwaningo, u-An. ama-graveolens kanye namafutha e-V. odorata atholakale esebenza kakhulu kubantu abadala, alandelwa yi-T. vulgaris kanye ne-N. sativa. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-Anopheles vulgare iyisibulala-zinambuzane esinamandla. Ngokufanayo, amafutha ayo angakwazi ukulawula i-Anopheles atroparvus, Culex quinquefasciatus ne-Aedes aegypti. Nakuba i-Anopheles vulgaris ikhombise ukusebenza kahle kwesibulala-zinambuzane kulolu cwaningo, ibisebenza kancane kubantu abadala. Ngokuphambene, inezakhiwo ze-adenocidal ngokumelene ne-Cx. i-quinquefasciatus.
Idatha yethu ibonisa ukuthi i-Anopheles sinensis iphumelela kakhulu njengombulali wezibungu kodwa ayisebenzi kahle njengombulali wabantu abadala. Ngokuphambene, izingcaphuno zamakhemikhali ze-Anopheles sinensis zazixosha kokubili izibungu kanye nabantu abadala be-Culex pipiens, nokuvikelwa okuphezulu kakhulu (100%) ekulunyweni komiyane besifazane abangaphakelwa kwatholakala ngethamo elingu-6 mg/cm2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqabunga layo liphinde labonisa umsebenzi wokuqeda izibungu ngokumelene ne-Anopheles arabiensis kanye ne-Anopheles gambiae (ss).
Kulolu cwaningo, i-thyme (An. graveolens) ibonise umsebenzi onamandla we-larvicidal kanye ne-adulticidal. Ngokufanayo, i-thyme ibonise umsebenzi we-larvicidal ngokumelene ne-Cx. quinquefasciatus28 kanye ne-Aedes aegypti29. I-Thyme ibonise umsebenzi we-larvicidal ku-Culex pipiens izibungu ekugxiliseni okungu-200 ppm ngokufa okungu-100% kuyilapho amanani e-LC25 kanye ne-LC50 engabonisi mphumela kumsebenzi we-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) kanye nokwenza kusebenze kwesistimu yokukhipha ubuthi, anda umsebenzi we-GST futhi ehla okuqukethwe kwe-GSH ngo-30%.
Amanye amafutha abalulekile asetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo abonise umsebenzi ofanayo we-larvicidal ngokumelene nezibungu ze-Culex pipiens njenge-N. sativa32,33 kanye ne-S. officinalis34. Amanye amafutha abalulekile afana ne-T. vulgaris, S. officinalis, C. sempervirens kanye ne-A. graveolens abonise umsebenzi wokubulala izibungu ngokumelene nezibungu zomiyane ezinamavelu e-LC90 angaphansi kuka-200–300 ppm. Lo mphumela ungase ube ngenxa yezizathu eziningana ezihlanganisa ukuthi iphesenti lezingxenye zalo eziyinhloko liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imvelaphi yamafutha yemifino, ikhwalithi yamafutha, ukuzwela kohlobo olusetshenzisiwe, izimo zokugcina amafutha kanye nezimo zobuchwepheshe.
Kulolu cwaningo, i-turmeric yayingasebenzi kahle, kodwa izingxenye zayo ze-27 ezifana ne-curcumin ne-monocarbonyl derivatives ye-curcumin ibonise umsebenzi we-larvicidal ngokumelene ne-Culex pipiens ne-Aedes albopictus43, kanye ne-hexane ekhishwe i-turmeric ekuhlanganiseni kwe-1000 ppm ngamahora angu-24 404 umsebenzi we-Culex ne-Aedes albopictus43 usabonisa i-Culex pipiens. albopictus.
Imiphumela efanayo ye-larvicidal yabikwa ngezingcaphuno ze-hexane ze-rosemary (80 kanye ne-160 ppm), enciphise ukufa ngo-100% esigabeni sesi-3 nesesine sezibungu ze-Culex pipiens futhi zandisa ubuthi ngo-50% ku-pupae nakubantu abadala.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Phytochemical kulolu cwaningo kwembule izinhlanganisela eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo zamafutha ahlaziywe. Amafutha etiye aluhlaza iyi-larvicide ephumelela kakhulu futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-polyphenol anomsebenzi we-antioxidant, njengoba kutholakala kulolu cwaningo. Kutholwe imiphumela efanayo59. Idatha yethu iphakamisa ukuthi uwoyela wetiye elihlaza nawo uqukethe i-polyphenols njenge-gallic acid, i-catechin, i-methyl gallate, i-caffeic acid, i-coumaric acid, i-naringenin, ne- kaempferol, engase ibe nomthelela emphumela wayo wokubulala izinambuzane.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo kubonise ukuthi i-Rhodiola rosea uwoyela obalulekile uthinta izinqolobane zamandla, ikakhulukazi amaprotheni nama-lipids30. Umehluko phakathi kwemiphumela yethu kanye naleyo yezinye izifundo kungase kube ngenxa yomsebenzi webhayoloji kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali amafutha abalulekile, angase ahluke kuye ngeminyaka yesitshalo, ukwakheka kwezicubu, imvelaphi yendawo, izingxenye ezisetshenziswa enqubweni ye-distillation, uhlobo lwe-distillation, kanye ne-cultivar. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo nokuqukethwe kwezithako ezisebenzayo kuwoyela ngamunye obalulekile kungabangela umehluko emandleni abo okulwa nokulimala16.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-13-2025