Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, ukuphepha kwemvelo kanye nokuphepha kwezimpilo zabantu, uMnyango Wezolimo unqume ngokwemibandela efanele "yoMthetho Wokuphepha Kokudla weRiphabhulikhi Yabantu baseShayina" kanye "neMithethonqubo Yokuphathwa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane", ebuyekezwe yiKomidi Lokubuyekeza Ukubhaliswa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane Likazwelonke, futhi ngokusekelwe emazwana omphakathi. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuphatha zithathwa ezibulala-zinambuzane ezingu-8 okuhlanganisa i-2,4-D-butyl ester, i-paraquat, i-dicofol, i-fenflurane, i-carbofuran, i-phorate, i-isofenphos methyl, kanye ne-aluminium phosphide. Phakathi kwazo, ukuphathwa kwe-aluminium phosphide kungokulandelayo.
Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMfumfu 2018, akuvunyelwe ukuthengisa nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-aluminium phosphide kwamanye amaphakheji. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-phosphorus chloride kuyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni, ngoba i-aluminium phosphide inobuthi ngokukhiqizwa kwe-phosphine emanzini noma e-asidi. Ukuphefumula igesi ye-phosphine kungabangela isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukuqina kwesifuba kanye nobuhlungu besisu esingaphezulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kunezimpawu zengqondo ezinobuthi, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu, ukulimala kwesibindi, izinso kanye ne-myocardial, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo. Ukuphathwa ngomlomo kuveza ubuthi be-phosphine, izimpawu zesisu, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, isiyezi, injabulo, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kukhona ukuphelelwa umoya, i-oliguria, ukuquleka, ukushaqeka, kanye ne-coma.
NgoMashi 2, 2015, i-WHO yakhipha uhlu olusha lwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezindlela ezinconyelwe ukufuthwa endlini ukuze kuvinjelwe futhi kulawulwe izinambuzane ezithwala umalaleveva, okuhlanganisa i-pyrimiphos-methyl. Nge-pyrimiphos-methyl, i-Actellic (iBaoan Valley) ibilokhu isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezifaka phakathi ezolimo, indawo yokugcina izinto, impilo yomphakathi, kanye namahlathi kusukela ngo-1970. IKhomishini ye-FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius iphakamise ukuthi izinsalela ze-pyrimidinhos-methyl ngeke zibangele izingozi zesikhathi eside kubantu; i-International Maritime Organisation incoma ukuthi i-pyrimidinhos-methyl ingasetshenziswa emikhunjini; i-British Brewing Association ivumile i-pyrimiphos-methyl Esetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane ekugcineni ibhali elisetshenziselwa ukwenza ubhiya; inhlangano yokudla kwezilwane iqinisekisile ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yizinhlamvu eziphathwe nge-pyrimidinhos ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuvuna, zingondliwa ngqo ezilwaneni; umthamo onconyelwe we-pyrimidinhos usetshenziselwa ukwelapha imikhiqizo yezolimo. Isetshenziswe ngokugcwele futhi yamukelwa ekuhwebeni kwamazwe amaningi. I-Baoan Valley isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ukugcina nokuvikela imikhiqizo yezolimo emazweni angaphezu kuka-70 emhlabeni jikelele. Okusanhlamvu okugciniwe, i-tofu eyomisiwe, imikhiqizo yobisi, izinhlanzi ezomisiwe, izithelo ezomisiwe, njll. kudinga ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezibungu isikhathi esifushane noma eside. I-Baoangu ibhekwa njengesibulala-zinambuzane esibulala izinambuzane emhlabeni wonke futhi esivelele.
Imiyalelo:
(1) Ukucubungula ukucubungula okungenazinhlayiya enqolobaneni. Ukuxutshwa okungu-1:50 kanye nokufutha okumile ngokulinganayo, fafaza isixazululo esixubile esingu-50 mL ngemitha yesikwele.
(2) Ukucubungula okusanhlamvu nezinto zokwelapha - ukuxuba yonke indawo yokugcina impahla. Kala kuqala, hlanganisa ngenkathi ufafaza, bese ekugcineni ufakwa endaweni yokugcina. I-Baoan Valley ixutshwe nge-1:100 bese ifuthwa ngethani elilodwa lokusanhlamvu.
(3) Ukucubungula okusanhlamvu nezinto zokwelapha - ukuxuba ubuso. Ingqimba engaphezulu ingu-30-100 cm, ixutshwe, ifuthwe, futhi ixutshwe.
(4) Ukuphathwa kokusanhlamvu nezinto zokwelapha - ukucubungula izikhwama zokupakisha. Hlukanisa u-1:50, bese uphatha isaka eli-1 ku-50 mL (amasaka abalwa njengo-0.5m×1m).
Kusukela kulo mbono, ukufaka esikhundleni se-pyrimidinhos methyl esikhundleni se-Aluminium phosphide kuyinto ephephile kakhulu futhi ethembekile, futhi umphumela wokusebenzisa i-pyrimidinhos methyl muhle kakhulu, okuye kwanconywa ngazwi linye.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-08-2021