Ngemva kokugqashuka kweMpi YaseRussia ne-Ukraine, ukwenyuka kwamanani okudla emhlabeni kwaletha umthelela ekuphepheni kokudla emhlabeni, okwenza umhlaba waqaphela ngokugcwele ukuthi ingqikithi yokuvikeleka kokudla iyinkinga yokuthula nentuthuko yomhlaba.
Ngo-2023/24, ngenxa yamanani aphezulu emikhiqizo yezolimo emhlabeni wonke, umkhiqizo womhlaba wonke wokusanhlamvu kanye nobhontshisi wasoya waphinde wafinyelela phezulu kakhulu, okwenza amanani ezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla emazweni agxile emakethe ngemuva kokufakwa ohlwini kokusanhlamvu okusha ehle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwamandla emali okubangelwe ukukhishwa kwemali ephezulu yi-US Federal Reserve e-Asia, intengo yelayisi emakethe yomhlaba wonke yakhuphuka kakhulu yaze yafinyelela phezulu kakhulu ukuze kulawulwe ukwehla kwamandla emali kwasekhaya futhi kulawulwe ukuthunyelwa kwelayisi eNdiya.
Ukulawulwa kwemakethe eShayina, eNdiya, naseRussia kuthinte ukukhula kokukhiqizwa kokudla ngo-2024, kodwa jikelele, ukukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke ngo-2024 kusezingeni eliphezulu.
Njengoba kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu, intengo yegolide yomhlaba wonke iyaqhubeka nokufinyelela phezulu kakhulu, ukwehla kwenani lezimali zomhlaba okusheshayo, amanani okudla emhlabeni wonke lapho ekhuphuka, uma sekukhona igebe lokukhiqiza kanye nesidingo sonyaka, amanani okudla ayinhloko angase afinyelele phezulu kakhulu futhi, ngakho-ke isidingo samanje sokunaka kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kokudla, ukuvimbela ukushaqeka.
Ukutshalwa kwezinhlamvu emhlabeni jikelele
Ngo-2023/24, indawo yokusanhlamvu yomhlaba izoba ngamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-75.6, okuwukwenyuka ngo-0.38% kunonyaka odlule. Umkhiqizo ophelele ufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.234, kanti isivuno ngehektha ngalinye sasingu-4,277 kg/ha, okwenyuka ngo-2.86% no-3.26% kunonyaka odlule, ngokulandelana. (Umkhiqizo ophelele ngerayisi wawungamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.989, okwenyuka ngo-3.63% kunonyaka odlule.)
Ngo-2023/24, izimo zezulu zezolimo e-Asia, eYurophu nase-United States ngokuvamile zinhle, futhi amanani aphezulu okudla asekela ukuthuthuka kwentshiseko yokutshala yabalimi, okuletha ukwanda kwesivuno seyunithi kanye nendawo yezitshalo zokudla zomhlaba.
Phakathi kwazo, indawo ehlwanyelwe ukolweni, ummbila kanye nelayisi ngo-2023/24 yayingamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-601.5, yehle ngo-0.56% kusukela ngonyaka odlule; Inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo lifinyelele kumathani ayizigidigidi ezingu-2.79, ukwanda ngo-1.71%; Isivuno ngeyunithi ngayinye sasingu-4638 kg/ha, ukwanda ngo-2.28% kunonyaka odlule.
Ukukhiqizwa eYurophu naseNingizimu Melika kwalulama ngemva kwesomiso ngo-2022; Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwelayisi eNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kube nomthelela omubi ocacile emazweni asathuthuka.
Amanani okudla emhlabeni jikelele
NgoFebhuwari 2024, inkomba yentengo yokudla okuhlanganisiwe emhlabeni wonke * yayiyi-US $353 / ithani, yehle ngo-2.70% inyanga nenyanga kanye no-13.55% unyaka nonyaka; NgoJanuwari-Febhuwari 2024, isilinganiso sentengo yokudla okuhlanganisiwe emhlabeni wonke sasiyi-$357 / ithani, yehle ngo-12.39% unyaka nonyaka.
Kusukela onyakeni omusha wesivuno (oqala ngoMeyi), amanani okudla aphelele emhlabeni wonke ehlile, kanti intengo ejwayelekile yesivuno kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuFebhuwari yayingu-370 amadola aseMelika/ithani, yehle ngo-11.97% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, intengo ejwayelekile yesivuno sikakolweni, ummbila kanye nelayisi ngoFebhuwari yayingu-353 amadola aseMelika/ithani, yehle ngo-2.19% inyanga nenyanga kanye no-12.0% unyaka nonyaka; Inani elijwayelekile ngoJanuwari-Febhuwari 2024 lalingu-$357/ithani, yehle ngo-12.15% unyaka nonyaka; Isilinganiso sonyaka omusha wesivuno kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuFebhuwari sasingu-$365/ithani, yehle ngo-$365/ithani unyaka nonyaka.
Inkomba yentengo yokusanhlamvu iyonke kanye nenkomba yentengo yokusanhlamvu okuthathu okuyinhloko kwehle kakhulu ngonyaka omusha wesivuno, okubonisa ukuthi isimo sokuphakelwa sisonke onyakeni omusha wesivuno sesithuthukile. Amanani amanje ngokuvamile ehle afinyelela emazingeni abonwe okokugcina ngoJulayi nango-Agasti 2020, futhi ukuqhubeka kokwehla komkhuba kungathinta kabi ukukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke ngoNyaka Omusha.
Ibhalansi yokuphakelwa kokusanhlamvu emhlabeni jikelele kanye nesidingo
Ngo-2023/24, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo welayisi ngemva kwelayisi lalingamathani ayizigidigidi ezingu-2.989, ukwanda ngo-3.63% kunonyaka odlule, kanti ukwanda komkhiqizo kwenza intengo yehle kakhulu.
Inani labantu emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi libe yizigidigidi ezingu-8.026, okuwukwenyuka ngo-1.04% kunonyaka odlule, kanti ukukhula kokukhiqizwa kokudla kanye nokutholakala kokudla kudlula ukukhula kwabantu emhlabeni. Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okusanhlamvu emhlabeni wonke kwakungamathani ayizigidigidi ezingu-2.981, kanti amasheya okuphela konyaka ayengamathani ayizigidi ezingu-752, kanye nesici sokuphepha esingu-25.7%.
Umkhiqizo womuntu ngamunye wawungu-372.4 kg, okuphakeme ngo-1.15% kunonyaka odlule. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa kwesabelo kungu-157.8 kg, ukusetshenziswa kokudla kungu-136.8 kg, ukusetshenziswa okunye kungu-76.9 kg, kanti ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kungu-371.5 kg. Amakhilogremu. Ukwehla kwamanani kuzoletha ukwanda kokunye ukusetshenziswa, okuzovimbela intengo ukuthi iqhubeke nokwehla esikhathini esizayo.
Umbono Wokukhiqizwa Kokusanhlamvu Komhlaba Wonke
Ngokwezibalo zamanje zomhlaba wonke, indawo yokutshala okusanhlamvu emhlabeni wonke ngo-2024 ingamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-760, isivuno ngehektha ngalinye singama-4,393 kg/ha, kanti inani lomkhiqizo emhlabeni wonke lingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-3,337. Umkhiqizo ngerayisi wawungamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.09, ukwanda ngo-3.40% kunonyaka odlule.
Ngokwesimo sentuthuko sendawo kanye nesivuno ngeyunithi yendawo yamazwe amakhulu emhlabeni, ngo-2030, indawo yokutshala okusanhlamvu emhlabeni wonke izoba cishe amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-760, isivuno ngeyunithi yendawo sizoba ngu-4,748 kg/hekthare, kanti inani lomkhiqizo womhlaba wonke lizoba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.664, ngaphansi kwesikhathi esidlule. Ukukhula kancane eShayina, eNdiya naseYurophu kuholele ekulinganisweni okuphansi kokukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu emhlabeni jikelele ngendawo.
Ngo-2030, i-India, iBrazil, i-United States kanye ne-China bazoba ngabakhiqizi bokudla abakhulu emhlabeni. Ngo-2035, indawo yokutshala okusanhlamvu emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele kumahektha ayizigidi ezingu-789, ngesivuno esingu-5,318 kg/ha, kanye nokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke okungu-4.194 billion tons.
Ngokwesimo samanje, akukho ukushoda komhlaba otshaliwe emhlabeni, kodwa ukukhula kwesivuno ngeyunithi ngayinye kuhamba kancane, okudinga ukunakwa okukhulu. Ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemvelo, ukwakha uhlelo lokuphatha olufanele, kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje kwezolimo kunquma ukuvikeleka kokudla emhlabeni esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-08-2024