Ngesikhathi ukulahlekelwa izindawo zokuhlala, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanyeizibulala-zinambuzanekonke kucashunwe njengezimbangela ezingaba khona zokuncipha kwezinambuzane emhlabeni jikelele, lolu cwaningo luwukuhlolwa kokuqala okuphelele nokwesikhathi eside kwemiphumela yazo ehlobene. Besebenzisa idatha yokusetshenziswa komhlaba, isimo sezulu, izibulala-zinambuzane eziningi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezimvemvane yeminyaka engu-17 evela ezifundeni ezingu-81 ezifundazweni ezinhlanu, bathole ukuthi ukushintsha kusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuya ezinhlanyelweni eziphathwe nge-neonicotinoid kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezimvemvane e-US Midwest.
Okutholakele kufaka phakathi ukwehla kwenani lezimvemvane ze-monarch ezifudukayo, okuyinkinga enkulu. Ngokukhethekile, ucwaningo lukhomba izibulala-zinambuzane, hhayi imithi yokubulala ukhula, njengesici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuncipheni kwezimvemvane ze-monarch.
Lolu cwaningo lunemiphumela ebanzi kakhulu ngoba izimvemvane zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthweni kwempova futhi ziyizimpawu ezibalulekile zempilo yemvelo. Ukuqonda izici eziyisisekelo ezibangela ukwehla kwenani lezimvemvane kuzosiza abacwaningi ukuvikela lezi zinhlobo ukuze kuzuze imvelo yethu kanye nokusimama kwezinhlelo zethu zokudla.
"Njengeqembu lezinambuzane elaziwa kakhulu, izimvemvane ziyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuncipha okukhulu kwezinambuzane, futhi imiphumela yethu yokulondolozwa kwazo izoba nemiphumela ezweni lonke lezinambuzane," kusho uHaddad.
Leli phepha liphawula ukuthi lezi zici ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima ukuzihlukanisa nokuzilinganisa ensimini. Ucwaningo ludinga idatha etholakala emphakathini, ethembekile, ephelele nehambisanayo ngokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ekwelashweni kwembewu ye-neonicotinoid, ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele izimbangela zokuncipha kwama-butterfly.
I-AFRE ibhekana nezinkinga zenqubomgomo yomphakathi kanye nezinkinga ezisebenzayo zabakhiqizi, abathengi, kanye nemvelo. Izinhlelo zethu ze-undergraduate kanye ne-postgraduate zenzelwe ukulungiselela isizukulwane esilandelayo sezomnotho kanye nabaphathi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudla, ezolimo, kanye nezinhlelo zemithombo yemvelo eMichigan nasemhlabeni jikelele. Enye yeminyango ehamba phambili yesizwe, i-AFRE inabafundisi abangaphezu kuka-50, abafundi abaphothule abangu-60, kanye nabafundi abaphothule abangu-400. Ungafunda kabanzi nge-AFRE lapha.
I-KBS iyindawo ekhethwayo yocwaningo lwensimu oluhlolwayo emvelweni yasemanzini nasemhlabeni kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemvelo eziphethwe nezingaphathwanga. Izindawo zokuhlala ze-KBS ziyahlukahluka futhi zifaka amahlathi, amasimu, imifudlana, izindawo ezinamanzi, amachibi, kanye nezindawo zezolimo. Ungafunda kabanzi nge-KBS lapha.
I-MSU iyisenzo sokuqinisekisa, umqashi onamathuba alinganayo ozinikele ekwenzeni kahle ngabasebenzi abahlukahlukene kanye nesiko elibandakanya bonke abantu elikhuthaza bonke abantu ukuthi bafeze amakhono abo aphelele.
Izinhlelo nezinto zokwandisa ze-MSU zivulekele wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokubheka uhlanga, umbala, imvelaphi yobuzwe, ubulili, ubunikazi bobulili, inkolo, ubudala, ukuphakama, isisindo, ukukhubazeka, izinkolelo zezepolitiki, ukuthambekela kobulili, isimo somshado, isimo somndeni, noma isimo sokuba yisosha elidala. Kushicilelwe ngokubambisana noMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States ngokweMithetho kaMeyi 8 noJuni 30, 1914, ukusekela umsebenzi we-Michigan State University Extension. UQuentin Taylor, uMqondisi we-Extension, i-Michigan State University, e-East Lansing, MI 48824. Lolu lwazi lungolwezinjongo zemfundo kuphela. Ukukhulunywa ngemikhiqizo yezentengiselwano noma amagama okuhweba akusho ukuthi iMichigan State University iyayisekela noma yikuphi ukukhetha emikhiqizweni engashiwongo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-09-2024