I-Uniconazole, i-triazole esekelweisivimbeli sokukhula kwezitshalo, inomphumela oyinhloko webhayoloji wokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo ezikhula kancane kancane, ukufiphaza izitshalo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande okuvamile, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis, nokulawula ukuphefumula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inomphumela wokuvikela ulwelwesi lwamaseli kanye nolwelwesi lwe-organelle, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezitshalo.
Isicelo
a. Hlakulela izithombo eziqinile ukuze wandise ukumelana nokukhethwa
| Ilayisi | Ukucwilisa ilayisi ngesisombululo semithi esingu-50 ~ 100mg/L amahora angu-24 ~ 36 kungenza amaqabunga ezithombo abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kukhule izimpande, kwandise ukuhluma, kwandise izindlebe nokusanhlamvu, futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nesomiso nokubanda. (Qaphela: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zelayisi zinokuzwela okuhlukile ku-enobuzole, ilayisi elinoshukela > ilayisi le-japonica > ilayisi elixubile, lapho ukuzwela kuphakeme, kulapho ukuhlushwa kwehla khona.) |
| Ukolweni | Ukucwilisa imbewu kakolweni ngoketshezi oluyi-10-60mg/L amahora angama-24 noma ukugqoka imbewu okomile okune-10-20 mg/kg (imbewu) kungavimbela ukukhula kwezingxenye ezingaphezulu komhlabathi, kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezimpande, futhi kwandise i-panicle esebenzayo, isisindo sezinhlamvu eziyi-1000 kanye nenani le-panicle. Ngezinga elithile, imiphumela emibi yokwanda kobuningi kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen ezingxenyeni zesivuno kungancishiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kokwelashwa kokuhlushwa okuphansi (40 mg/L), umsebenzi we-enzyme wanda kancane, ubuqotho be-plasma membrane bathinteka, futhi izinga lokukhishwa kwe-electrolyte lathinteka ukwanda okuhlobene. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlushwa okuphansi kusiza kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezithombo ezinamandla futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana kukakolweni. |
| Ibhali | Imbewu yebhali efakwe ku-enobuzole engama-40 mg/L amahora angama-20 ingenza izithombo zibe zimfushane futhi ziqine, amaqabunga abe luhlaza okotshani, ikhwalithi yezithombo ithuthuke, kanye nokumelana nokucindezeleka kuthuthukiswe. |
| Ukudlwengula | Esigabeni samaqabunga angu-2-3 sezithombo ze-rape, ukwelashwa ngoketshezi okungu-50-100 mg/L kunganciphisa ukuphakama kwezithombo, kwandise iziqu ezincane, amaqabunga amancane namakhulu, ama-petioles amafushane namakhulu, kwandise inani lamaqabunga aluhlaza ngesitshalo ngasinye, okuqukethwe yi-chlorophyll kanye nesilinganiso sokuhluma kwezimpande, futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezithombo. Ngemva kokutshala ensimini, ukuphakama kwegatsha okusebenzayo kwehla, inani legatsha elisebenzayo kanye nenombolo ye-Angle ngesitshalo ngasinye kwanda, futhi isivuno sanda. |
| Utamatisi | Ukucwilisa imbewu katamatisi nge-20 mg/L yokuhlushwa kwe-endosinazole amahora ama-5 kungalawula ngempumelelo ukukhula kwezithombo, kwenze isiqu sibe sikhulu, sibe nombala oluhlaza okotshani, ukuma kwesitshalo kuthanda indima yezithombo eziqinile, kungathuthukisa kakhulu isilinganiso sobubanzi besiqu sezithombo/ukuphakama kwesitshalo, futhi kwandise ukuqina kwezithombo. |
| Ikhukhamba | Ukucwilisa imbewu yekhukhamba nge-5~20 mg/L ye-enlobuzole amahora angu-6~12 kungalawula ngempumelelo ukukhula kwezithombo zekhukhamba, kwenze amaqabunga abe luhlaza okotshani, iziqu zibe zinkulu, amaqabunga abe mancane, futhi kukhuthaze ukwanda kwenani lamakhabe ngesitshalo ngasinye, kuthuthukise kakhulu isivuno sekhukhamba. |
| Upelepele omnandi | Emaqabungeni amabili kanye nesigaba senhliziyo esisodwa, izithombo zafuthwa ngomuthi owuketshezi ongu-20 kuya ku-60mg/L, okwakungavimbela kakhulu ukuphakama kwesitshalo, kwandise ububanzi besiqu, kunciphise indawo yamaqabunga, kwandise isilinganiso sezimpande/ihlumela, kwandise imisebenzi ye-SOD kanye ne-POD, futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yezithombo zepelepele elimnandi. |
| Ikhabe | Ukucwilisa imbewu yekhabe nge-endosinazole engu-25 mg/L amahora ama-2 kungalawula ngempumelelo ukukhula kwezithombo, kwandise ukujiya kwesiqu kanye nokuqongelela kwezinto ezomile, futhi kuthuthukise ukukhula kwezithombo zekhabe. Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithombo. |
b. Lawula ukukhula kwezitshalo ukuze kwandiswe isivuno
| Ilayisi | Esigabeni sokugcina sokuhlukahluka (izinsuku eziyi-7 ngaphambi kokuhlangana), ilayisi lafuthwa nge-100 ~ 150mg/L ye-enlobuzole ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuhluma, ukukhula kancane kanye nokwandisa isivuno. |
| Ukolweni | Esigabeni sokuqala sokuhlangana, isitshalo sonke sikakolweni safuthwa nge-enlobuzole engu-50-60 mg/L, engalawula ukunwebeka kwe-internode, yandise ikhono lokulwa nokulala, yandise i-spike esebenzayo, isisindo sezinhlamvu eziyinkulungwane kanye nenombolo yezinhlamvu nge-spike ngayinye, futhi ikhuthaze ukwanda kwesivuno. |
| Ubisi olumnandi | Lapho ukuphakama kwesitshalo sama-sweet sorghum kwakungu-120cm, kwasetshenziswa i-enlobuzole engu-800mg/L kuso sonke isitshalo, ububanzi besiqu sama-sweet sorghum banda kakhulu, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kwehle kakhulu, ukumelana nokufakwa kwezitshalo kwanda, futhi isivuno sasizinzile. |
| I-Millet | Esigabeni sokuqala, ukusebenzisa umuthi owuketshezi ongu-30mg/L kuso sonke isitshalo kungakhuthaza ukuqina kwenduku, kuvimbele ukuminyana, futhi kwandise ubuningi bembewu ngenani elifanele kungakhuthaza kakhulu ukwanda kwesivuno. |
| Ukudlwengula | Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kuze kufike ku-20cm, sonke isitshalo se-rape singafuthwa ngo-90 ~ 125 mg/L womuthi owuketshezi, ongenza amaqabunga abe luhlaza okotshani, amaqabunga abe makhulu, izitshalo zibe mfushane kakhulu, impande ibe nkulu, iziqu zibe zinkulu, amagatsha asebenzayo akhule, inani lama-pod eliphumelelayo lande, futhi likhuthaze ukwanda kwesivuno. |
| I-Peanut | Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-peanut sekwephuzile, ukufafaza ngomuthi owuketshezi ongu-60 ~ 120 mg/L ebusweni beqabunga kungalawula ngempumelelo ukukhula kwezitshalo zamakinati futhi kwandise ukukhiqizwa kwezimbali. |
| Ubhontshisi wesoya | Esigabeni sokuqala sokutshala amagatsha esoya, ukufafaza ngomuthi owuketshezi ongu-25 ~ 60 mg/L ebusweni bamaqabunga kungalawula ukukhula kwesitshalo, kukhuthaze ukwanda kobubanzi besiqu, kukhuthaze ukwakheka kwama-pod futhi kwandise isivuno. |
| Ubhontshisi we-Mung | Ukufutha ngomuthi owuketshezi ongu-30 mg/L ebusweni beqabunga le-mung bean esigabeni sokuyinki kungalawula ukukhula kwesitshalo, kukhuthaze ukusebenza kahle kwamaqabunga, kwandise isisindo sama-grain ayi-100, isisindo sama-grain ngesitshalo ngasinye kanye nesivuno sama-grain. |
| Ukotini | Esigabeni sokuqala sokuqhakaza kwekotini, ukufafaza amaqabunga ngomuthi owuketshezi ongu-20-50 mg/L kungalawula kahle ubude besitshalo sikakotini, kunciphise ukuphakama kwesitshalo sikakotini, kukhuthaze ukwanda kwenani le-boll kanye nesisindo se-boll sesitshalo sikakotini, kwandise kakhulu isivuno sesitshalo sikakotini, futhi kwandise isivuno ngo-22%. |
| Ikhukhamba | Esigabeni sokuqala sokuqhakaza kwekhukhamba, sonke isitshalo safuthwa ngo-20mg/L womuthi owuketshezi, okunganciphisa inani lezingxenye ngesitshalo ngasinye, kwandise izinga lokwakheka kwekhabe, kwandise ngempumelelo ingxenye yokuqala yekhabe kanye nezinga lokukhubazeka, futhi kwandise kakhulu isivuno ngesitshalo ngasinye. |
| Ubhatata, ubhatata | Ukusebenzisa umuthi owuketshezi ongu-30~50 mg/L kubhatata namazambane kungalawula ukukhula kwezitshalo, kukhuthaze ukwanda kwamazambane angaphansi komhlaba futhi kwandise isivuno. |
| I-yam yesiShayina | Esigabeni sokuqhakaza nokuhluma, ukufafaza i-yam ngoketshezi olungama-40mg/L kanye ebusweni beqabunga kungavimbela kakhulu ukunwebeka kwansuku zonke kweziqu ezingaphezu komhlabathi, umphumela wesikhathi ungama-20d, futhi kungakhuthaza ukwanda kwesivuno. Uma ukuhluzeka kuphezulu kakhulu noma inani lezikhathi lilikhulu kakhulu, isivuno sengxenye engaphansi komhlaba ye-yam sizovinjelwa ngenkathi ukunwebeka kweziqu ngaphezu komhlabathi kuvinjelwa. |
| Isithombo | Lapho amaqabunga amathathu eqiniso e-radish efuthwa ngoketshezi olungama-600 mg/L, isilinganiso sekhabhoni ne-nitrogen emaqabunga e-radish sehlisiwe ngo-80.2%, kanti izinga lokuhluma kanye nezinga lokubola kwezitshalo kwehliswa ngempumelelo (kwehliswe ngo-67.3% kanye no-59.8%, ngokulandelana). Ukusetshenziswa kwe-radish ekukhiqizweni kwentwasahlobo okuhambisana nesizini kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukubola kwe-bolting, kwandise isikhathi sokukhula kwezimpande ezinenyama, futhi kuthuthukise inani lezomnotho. |
c. Lawula ukukhula kwamagatsha futhi ukhuthaze ukuhlukahluka kwamahlumela ezimbali
Ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwezithelo ze-citrus ehlobo, isixazululo se-enlobuzole esingu-100 ~ 120 mg/L sasetshenziswa esitshalweni sonke, okwakungavimbela ubude bokuhluma kwezihlahla ezincane ze-citrus futhi kukhuthaze ukuvela kwezithelo.
Lapho inqwaba yokuqala yezimbali zesilisa ze-litchi flower spike ivuleka ngenani elincane, ukufafaza nge-60 mg/L ye-enlobuzole kungabambezela ukuqhakaza kwezimbali, kwandise isikhathi sokuqhakaza, kwandise kakhulu inani lezimbali zesilisa, kusize ekwandiseni inani lokuqala lezithelo, kwandise kakhulu isivuno, kubangele ukukhishwa kwembewu yezithelo futhi kwandise izinga lokusha.
Ngemva kokuvuna i-core yesibili, i-100 mg/L ye-endosinazole ehlanganiswe ne-500 mg/L ye-Yiyedan yafuthwa kabili izinsuku ezingu-14, okungavimbela ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha, kunciphise ubude bamakhanda e-jujube namagatsha esibili, kwandise uhlobo lwesitshalo oluqinile noluncane, kuthuthukise umthwalo wezithelo zamagatsha esibili futhi kuthuthukise ikhono lezihlahla ze-jujube lokumelana nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
d. Khuthaza ukufaka imibala
Ama-apula afuthwa ngoketshezi olungama-50 ~ 200 mg/L kumaminithi angama-60 kanye nama-30 ngaphambi kokuvuna, okwabonisa umphumela obalulekile wokufaka umbala, okuqukethwe ushukela oncibilikayo okwandisiwe, okuqukethwe yi-organic acid okwehlile, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid okwandisiwe kanye namaprotheni. Kunomphumela omuhle wokufaka umbala futhi kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yama-apula.
Esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwepheya le-Nanguo, ukwelashwa nge-100mg/L endobuzole +0.3% calcium chloride +0.1% potassium sulfate kungakhuphula kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-anthocyanin, izinga lezithelo ezibomvu, okuqukethwe ushukela oncibilikayo kwekhasi lezithelo, kanye nesisindo sezithelo esisodwa.
Ngosuku lweshumi nambili kanye nolweshumi nambili ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwezithelo, kwasetshenziswa u-50 ~ 100 mg/L we-endosinazole ukufutha indlebe yezinhlobo ezimbili zamagilebhisi, i-“Jingya” kanye ne-“Xiyanghong”, okungakhuthaza kakhulu ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-anthocyanin, ukwanda kokuqukethwe koshukela oncibilikayo, ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwe-organic acid, ukwanda kwesilinganiso soshukela-acid kanye nokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-vitamin C. Kunomphumela wokukhuthaza umbala wezithelo zamagilebhisi kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithelo.
e. Lungisa uhlobo lwesitshalo ukuze uthuthukise ukuhlobisa
Ukufutha okungu-40~50 mg/L kwe-endosinazole izikhathi ezi-3~4 noma okungu-350~450 mg/L kwe-endosinazole kanye ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-ryegrass, i-fescue ende, i-bluegrass kanye nezinye izinhlobo zotshani kungabambezela izinga lokukhula kwezitshalo, kunciphise ukuvama kokusika utshani, futhi kunciphise izindleko zokusika nokuphatha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungandisa ikhono lezitshalo lokumelana nesomiso, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuniseleni utshani okonga amanzi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-Shandandan, amabhola embewu ayecwiliswa ku-20 mg/L uketshezi imizuzu engama-40, kwathi lapho ihlumela seliphakeme ngamasentimitha angu-5 ~ 6, iziqu namaqabunga kwakufuthwa ngoketshezi olufanayo, kwaphathwa kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-6 kuze kube yilapho amahlumela esebomvu, okwakunganciphisa kakhulu uhlobo lwesitshalo, kwandise ububanzi, kufinyeze ubude beqabunga, kufakwe i-amaranth emaqabunga futhi kujulise umbala weqabunga, futhi kuthuthukiswe inani lokukhula.
Lapho ukuphakama kwesitshalo se-tulip kungu-5cm, i-tulip yafuthwa nge-enlobuzole engu-175 mg/L izikhathi ezine, isikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-7, okwakungalawula ngempumelelo ukufiphala kwama-tulip ngesikhathi sokutshala kwesizini kanye nesikhathi esingaphandle kwesizini.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-rose, i-enlobuzole engu-20 mg/L yafuthwa kuso sonke isitshalo izikhathi ezi-5, isikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-7, okwakungenza izitshalo zibe zincane, zikhule kahle, futhi amaqabunga abe mnyama futhi acwebezela.
Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kwezitshalo ze-lily, ukufafaza i-40 mg/L ye-endosinazole ebusweni beqabunga kunganciphisa ukuphakama kwesitshalo nokulawula uhlobo lwesitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungandisa nokuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll, kujulise umbala weqabunga, futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlobisa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-08-2024