Isibulala-zinambuzaneAmanethi omiyane aphathwe ngendlela engabizi kakhulu okulawula i-malaria vector futhi kufanele aphathwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane futhi alahlwe njalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanethi omiyane aphathwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane ayindlela ephumelela kakhulu ezindaweni ezivame kakhulu umalaleveva. Ngokusho kombiko we-World Health Organisation ka-2020, cishe ingxenye yabantu emhlabeni isengozini yokuba nomalaleveva, kanti iningi lamacala nokufa kwenzeka e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, okuhlanganisa ne-Ethiopia. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu lamacala nokufa liye labikwa nasezifundeni ze-WHO ezifana neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-Eastern Mediterranean, iWestern Pacific kanye neMelika.
Umalaleveva yisifo esithathelwanayo esisongela ukuphila esibangelwa yi-parasite edluliselwa kubantu ngokulunywa omiyane besifazane abathelelekile i-Anopheles. Lolu songo oluqhubekayo lugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo semizamo eqhubekayo yezempilo yomphakathi yokulwa nalesi sifo.
Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-ITN kunganciphisa kakhulu izinga lokutheleleka yi-malaria, kanti izilinganiso zisukela ku-45% kuya ku-50%.
Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kokuluma ngaphandle kudala izinselele ezingase ziphazamise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-ITN. Ukubhekana nokuluma ngaphandle kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukudluliswa komalaleveva nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yezempilo yomphakathi iyonke. Lolu shintsho lokuziphatha lungaba impendulo ekucindezelweni okukhethwayo okwenziwa yi-ITN, ezihlose kakhulu izindawo zangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kokuluma komiyane ngaphandle kugqamisa amathuba okudluliswa komalaleveva ngaphandle, kugqamisa isidingo sokungenelela okuqondisiwe kokulawula izinambuzane zangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, amazwe amaningi agcwele umalaleveva anezinqubomgomo ezisekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-ITN emhlabeni wonke ukulawula ukulunywa yizinambuzane zangaphandle, kodwa ingxenye yabantu abalala ngaphansi kwenethi yomiyane e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingu-55% ngo-2015. 5,24
Senze ucwaningo olusekelwe emphakathini ukuze sithole ukusetshenziswa kwamanethi omiyane aphathwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezici ezihlobene nawo ngo-Agasti-Septhemba 2021.
Ucwaningo lwenziwe e-Pawi woreda, esinye sezifunda eziyisikhombisa ze-Metekel County e-Benishangul-Gumuz State. Isifunda sasePawi sitholakala eBenishangul-Gumuz State, amakhilomitha angama-550 eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Addis Ababa kanye namakhilomitha angama-420 enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Assosa.
Isampula salolu cwaningo sasihlanganisa inhloko yomndeni noma noma yiliphi ilungu lomndeni elineminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu elihlale kulo muzi okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Abaphenduli ababegula kakhulu noma begula kakhulu futhi bengakwazi ukuxhumana ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwedatha bakhishwe kusampula.
Amathuluzi: Idatha yaqoqwa kusetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo oluqondiswa ngumxoxi kanye nohlu lokuhlola lokubuka oluthuthukiswe ngokusekelwe ezifundweni ezishicilelwe ezifanele kanye nokuguqulwa okuthile31. Uhlu lwemibuzo lokuhlola lwalunezigaba ezinhlanu: izici zomphakathi, ukusetshenziswa kanye nolwazi lwe-ICH, isakhiwo somndeni kanye nosayizi, kanye nezici zobuntu/zokuziphatha, ezenzelwe ukuqoqa ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nabahlanganyeli. Uhlu lokuhlola lunendlela yokuzungeza okubonwe okwenziwe. Lwalunamathiselwe kuhlu lwemibuzo lomndeni ngamunye ukuze abasebenzi basensimini bakwazi ukuhlola okubonwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingxoxo. Njengesitatimende sokuziphatha, sithe izifundo zethu zazihilela abahlanganyeli babantu kanye nezifundo ezihilela abahlanganyeli babantu kufanele zihambisane neSimemezelo saseHelsinki. Ngakho-ke, iBhodi Lokubuyekeza Lezikhungo leKholeji Yezokwelapha Nezempilo, iBahir Dar University livumile zonke izinqubo kufaka phakathi noma yimiphi imininingwane efanele eyenziwe ngokuhambisana neziqondiso nemithethonqubo efanele futhi kwatholakala imvume enolwazi kubo bonke abahlanganyeli.
Ukuze siqinisekise ikhwalithi yedatha ocwaningweni lwethu, sisebenzise amasu amaningana abalulekile. Okokuqala, abaqoqi bedatha baqeqeshwe kahle ukuqonda izinhloso zocwaningo kanye nokuqukethwe kohlu lwemibuzo ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngokugcwele, sihlole uhlu lwemibuzo ukuze sibone futhi sixazulule noma yiziphi izinkinga. Izinqubo zokuqoqa idatha ezijwayelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana, futhi sasungula izindlela zokuqapha ezijwayelekile zokuqapha abasebenzi basensimini nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo ziyalandelwa. Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa kufakiwe kuhlu lwemibuzo ukuze kugcinwe ukulandelana okunengqondo kwezimpendulo. Ukufakwa kwedatha kabili kwasetshenziselwa idatha yobuningi ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha okufaka, futhi idatha eqoqwe yayibuyekezwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuphelela nokunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sasungula izindlela zokuphendula zabaqoqi bedatha ukuze bathuthukise izinqubo futhi baqinisekise imikhuba yokuziphatha, esiza ukwandisa ukwethenjwa kwabahlanganyeli kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphendula.
Ekugcineni, i-multivariate logistic regression yasetshenziswa ukuhlonza izibikezeli zezinguquko zemiphumela nokulungisa ama-covariates. Ubuhle bokulingana kwemodeli ye-binary logistic regression yahlolwa kusetshenziswa isivivinyo se-Hosmer ne-Lemeshow. Kuzo zonke izivivinyo zezibalo, inani le-P < 0.05 labhekwa njengephuzu lokuphela kokubaluleka kwezibalo. I-Multicollinearity yezinguquko ezizimele yahlolwa kusetshenziswa i-tolerance and variance inflation factor (VIF). I-COR, i-AOR, kanye ne-95% confidence interval yasetshenziswa ukunquma amandla okuhlangana phakathi kwezinguquko ezizimele zesigaba kanye nezixhomeke ku-binary.
Ukuqwashisa ngokusetshenziswa kwamanethi omiyane afakwe izibulali zinambuzane e-Parweredas, esifundeni sase-Benishangul-Gumuz, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Ethiopia.
Amanethi omiyane aphathwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane abe yithuluzi elibalulekile lokuvimbela umalaleveva ezindaweni ezivame kakhulu njengeSifunda sasePawi. Naphezu kwemizamo emikhulu yoMnyango Wezempilo Kahulumeni wase-Ethiopia yokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanethi omiyane aphathwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane, kusenezithiyo zokusetshenziswa kwawo kabanzi.
Kwezinye izifunda, kungase kube nokungaqondi kahle noma ukumelana nokusetshenziswa kwamanethi aphathwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane, okuholela emazingeni aphansi okwamukelwa kwawo. Ezinye izindawo zingase zibhekane nezinselele ezithile ezifana nezingxabano, ukufuduka noma ubumpofu obukhulu obunganciphisa kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kwamanethi aphathwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane, njengendawo yaseBenishangul-Gumuz-Metekel.
Lokhu kungafani kungase kubangelwe yizici eziningana, okuhlanganisa isikhathi esiphakathi kwezifundo (ngokwesilinganiso, iminyaka eyisithupha), umehluko ekuqwashiseni nasekufundiseni mayelana nokuvimbela umalaleveva, kanye nomehluko wesifunda emisebenzini yokukhangisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-ITN ngokuvamile kuphakeme ezindaweni ezinemfundo ephumelelayo kanye nengqalasizinda yezempilo engcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasiko nezinkolelo zamasiko endawo zingathonya ukwamukelwa kokusetshenziswa kwamanethi ombhede. Njengoba lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ezindaweni ezivame ukuba khona umalaleveva ezinengqalasizinda yezempilo engcono kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-ITN, ukufinyeleleka kanye nokutholakala kwamanethi ombhede kungaba phezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezinokusetshenziswa okuncane.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kobudala nokusetshenziswa kwe-ITN bungase bubangelwe yizici eziningana: intsha ivame ukusebenzisa i-ITN kaningi ngoba izizwa inesibopho sempilo yezingane zayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhankaso yezempilo yakamuva ihlose ngempumelelo izizukulwane ezisencane, iphakamisa ukuqwashisa mayelana nokuvimbela umalaleveva. Amathonya omphakathi, okuhlanganisa ontanga kanye nemikhuba yomphakathi, nawo angadlala indima, njengoba intsha ivame ukwamukela izeluleko ezintsha zezempilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bavame ukufinyelela kangcono ezinsizeni futhi bavame ukuzimisela kakhulu ukwamukela imikhuba emisha kanye nobuchwepheshe, okwenza kube lula ukuthi basebenzise ama-IPO njalo.
Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba imfundo ihlotshaniswa nezici eziningana ezihlobene. Abantu abanamazinga aphezulu emfundo bavame ukufinyelela ulwazi kangcono kanye nokuqonda okukhulu ngokubaluleka kwama-ITN ekuvimbeleni umalaleveva. Bavame ukuba namazinga aphezulu olwazi lwezempilo, okubavumela ukuthi bahumushe kahle ulwazi lwezempilo futhi basebenzisane nabahlinzeki bezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundo ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesimo esithuthukisiwe sezomnotho, esihlinzeka abantu ngezinsiza zokuthola nokugcina ama-ITN. Abantu abafundile banamathuba amaningi okuphonsela inselelo izinkolelo zamasiko, bamukele ubuchwepheshe obusha bezempilo, futhi bahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuhle kwezempilo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthonye ukusetshenziswa kwama-ITN ngontanga yabo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-12-2025