Yikuphiama-phytohormoneidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwesomiso? Ama-phytohormone azivumelanisa kanjani nezinguquko zemvelo? Iphepha elishicilelwe kumagazini i-Trends in Plant Science lichaza kabusha futhi lihlukanise imisebenzi yezigaba eziyi-10 zama-phytohormones atholakale kuze kube manje embusweni wezitshalo. Lawa ma-molecule adlala indima ebalulekile ezitshalweni futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo njengemithi yokubulala ukhula, ama-biostimulants, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezithelo nemifino.
Ucwaningo luphinde lwembule ukuthi yikuphiama-phytohormonezibalulekile ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo zemvelo ezishintshayo (ukuntuleka kwamanzi, izikhukhula, njll.) kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusinda kwezitshalo ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu. Umbhali walolu cwaningo nguSergi Munne-Bosch, uprofesa e-Faculty of Biology kanye ne-Institute of Biodiversity (IRBio) eNyuvesi yaseBarcelona kanye nenhloko ye-Integrated Research Group on Antioxidants in Agricultural Biotechnology.
"Selokhu uFritz W. Went athola i-auxin njengento ehlukanisa amaseli ngo-1927, intuthuko yesayensi kuma-phytohormones ishintshe kakhulu i-biology yezitshalo kanye nobuchwepheshe bezolimo," kusho uMunne-Bosch, uprofesa we-biology yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-ecology, kanye nesayensi yezemvelo.
Naphezu kwendima ebalulekile yohlelo lwe-phytohormone, ucwaningo lokuhlola kule ndawo alukathuthuki kakhulu. Ama-Auxins, ama-cytokinins, nama-gibberellins adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo futhi, ngokusho kohlelo lwe-hormone oluphakanyisiwe lwababhali, abhekwa njengabalawuli abayinhloko.
Ezingeni lesibili,i-abscisic acid (ABA), i-ethylene, ama-salicylates, kanye ne-jasmonic acid kusiza ukulawula izimpendulo zezitshalo ezifanele ezimweni zemvelo ezishintshayo futhi ziyizici ezibalulekile ezinquma izimpendulo zokucindezeleka. “I-ethylene kanye ne-abscisic acid zibaluleke kakhulu ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kwamanzi. I-Abscisic acid inesibopho sokuvala i-stomata (izimbobo ezincane emaqabunga ezilawula ukushintshana kwegesi) kanye nezinye izimpendulo zokucindezeleka kwamanzi kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Ezinye izitshalo ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa amanzi kahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendima yokulawula ye-abscisic acid,” kusho uMunne-Bosch. Ama-Brassinosteroids, ama-peptide hormone, kanye nama-strigolactones akha izinga lesithathu lama-hormone, anikeza izitshalo ukuguquguquka okukhulu ukuze ziphendule kahle ezimweni ezahlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-molecule afanelekayo ama-phytohormones awakahlangabezani ngokugcwele nazo zonke izidingo futhi asalinde ukuhlonza kokugcina. “I-Melatonin kanye ne-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yizibonelo ezimbili ezinhle. I-Melatonin ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo, kodwa ukuhlonza i-receptor yayo kusesezigabeni zokuqala (okwamanje, i-PMTR1 receptor itholakale kuphela ku-Arabidopsis thaliana). Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, umphakathi wesayensi ungase ufinyelele esivumelwaneni futhi uqinisekise ukuthi iyi-phytohormone.”
"Ngokuphathelene ne-GABA, azikho izitho zokwamukela ezitshalweni. I-GABA ilawula iziteshi ze-ion, kodwa kuyamangaza ukuthi akuyona i-neurotransmitter noma i-hormone yezilwane eyaziwayo ezitshalweni," kusho uchwepheshe.
Esikhathini esizayo, njengoba amaqembu e-phytohormones engekho nje kuphela ebalulekile kakhulu kwezesayensi ku-biology eyisisekelo kodwa futhi anenani elikhulu emkhakheni wezolimo kanye ne-biotechnology yezitshalo, kubalulekile ukwandisa ulwazi lwethu ngamaqembu e-phytohormones.
"Kubalulekile ukutadisha ama-phytohormones angakaqondakali kahle, njenge-strigolactones, i-brassinosteroids, nama-peptide hormones. Sidinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe mayelana nokusebenzisana kwama-hormone, okuyindawo engakaqondakali kahle, kanye nama-molecule angakahlukaniswa njengama-phytohormones, njenge-melatonin kanye ne-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)," kuphetha uSergi Munne-Bosch. Umthombo: Munne-Bosch, S. Phytohormones:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-13-2025