Isithombe: Izindlela zendabuko zokuvuselela izitshalo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezifana namahomoni, okungaba uhlobo oluthile lwezinhlobo ezithile kanye nomsebenzi onzima. Ocwaningweni olusha, ososayensi baye bahlakulela uhlelo olusha lokuvuselela izitshalo ngokulawula umsebenzi nokuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekuhlukaniseni (ukwanda kwamaseli) kanye nokuhlukaniswa kabusha (i-organogenesis) yamaseli ezitshalo. Buka okwengeziwe
Izindlela zendabuko zokuvuselela izitshalo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kweizilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalonjengei-hormones, okungaba okuthize kwezinhlobo ezithile futhi kusebenze kanzima. Ocwaningweni olusha, ososayensi baye bahlakulela uhlelo olusha lokuvuselela izitshalo ngokulawula umsebenzi nokuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekuhlukaniseni (ukwanda kwamaseli) kanye nokuhlukaniswa kabusha (i-organogenesis) yamaseli ezitshalo.
Izitshalo seziwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwezilwane nabantu iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zisetshenziselwa ukukhipha ama-compounds ahlukahlukene emithi kanye nokwelapha. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kabi nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla siqokomisa isidingo sezindlela ezintsha zokuzalanisa izitshalo. Intuthuko ye-biotechnology yezitshalo ingaxazulula ukushoda kokudla esikhathini esizayo ngokukhiqiza izitshalo eziguqulwe ngofuzo (GM) ezikhiqiza kakhulu futhi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ngokwemvelo, izitshalo zingakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha izitshalo ezintsha ngokuphelele kusuka kuseli elilodwa "le-totipotent" (iseli elingase linikeze izinhlobo eziningi zamaseli) ngokuhlukanisa nokuhlukanisa kabusha amaseli anezakhiwo nemisebenzi ehlukene. Ukulungiswa kokwenziwa kwamaseli anjalo e-totipotent ngokusebenzisa isiko lezicubu zezitshalo kusetshenziswa kabanzi ukuvikela izitshalo, ukuzalanisa, ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-transgenic kanye nezinjongo zocwaningo lwesayensi. Ngokwesiko, isiko lezicubu zokuvuselelwa kwezitshalo kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo (GGRs), njengama-auxins nama-cytokinins, ukulawula ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezifanele zama-hormone zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinhlobo zezitshalo, izimo zesiko kanye nohlobo lwezicubu. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza izimo zokuhlola ezifanele kungaba umsebenzi odla isikhathi futhi odinga abasebenzi.
Ukuze kunqotshwe le nkinga, UProfessor Ohlanganisela u-Tomoko Ikawa, kanye NoSolwazi Ohlangene uMai F. Minamikawa waseNyuvesi yaseChiba, uSolwazi Hitoshi Sakakibara waseNagoya University Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences kanye noMikiko Kojima, uchwepheshe onguchwepheshe wase-RIKEN CSRS, bakha indlela yendawo yonke yokulawulwa kwezitshalo ngomthetho. Ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo zokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli “ezilawulwa ngokuthuthuka” (DR) ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvuselelwa kwezitshalo. Ishicilelwe kuVolumu 15 ye-Frontiers ku-Plant Science ngo-Ephreli 3, 2024, uDkt. Ikawa unikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nomsebenzi wabo wocwaningo, ethi: "Isistimu yethu ayisebenzisi ama-PGR angaphandle, kodwa kunalokho isebenzisa izakhi zofuzo ze-transcription factor ukulawula ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli. okufana namaseli a-pluripotent angeniswa ezilwaneni ezincelisayo."
Abacwaningi baveze ngokusobala izakhi zofuzo ezimbili ze-DR, i-BABY BOOM (BBM) ne-WUSCHEL (WUS), evela ku-Arabidopsis thaliana (esetshenziswa njengesitshalo esiyimodeli) futhi bahlola umthelela wabo ekuhlukaniseni isiko lezicubu zikagwayi, ulethisi kanye ne-petunia. I-BBM ibhala ngekhodi isici sokuloba esilawula ukuthuthuka kwe-embryonic, kuyilapho i-WUS ibhala ngekhodi isici sokuloba esigcina ubunikazi beseli ye-stem esifundeni se-shoot apical meristem.
Ukuhlola kwabo kubonise ukuthi ukuvezwa kwe-Arabidopsis BBM noma i-WUS iyodwa akwanele ukunxenxa ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli esicubuni samaqabunga kagwayi. Ngokuphambene, i-coexpression ye-BBM ethuthukisiwe esebenzayo kanye ne-WUS eguquliwe ingenisa i-phenotype esheshisiwe yokuhlukanisa okuzimele. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwe-PCR, amangqamuzana amaqabunga e-transgenic ahlukaniswa abe yi-callus (isisindo samangqamuzana angahlelekile), izakhiwo eziluhlaza ezifana nesitho kanye nama-adventitious buds. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), indlela esetshenziselwa ukulinganisa imibhalo yofuzo, kubonise ukuthi i-Arabidopsis BBM nesisho se-WUS sihlobene nokwakheka kwe-transgenic calli namahlumela.
Uma kubhekwa indima ebalulekile yama-phytohormones ekuhlukaniseni amaseli nokuhlukaniswa, abacwaningi balinganise amazinga e-phytohormones ayisithupha, okuyi-auxin, i-cytokinin, i-abscisic acid (ABA), i-gibberellin (GA), i-jasmonic acid (JA), i-salicylic acid (SA) kanye nama-metabolites ayo ezitshalweni zezitshalo ze-transgenic. Imiphumela yabo ibonise ukuthi amazinga e-auxin esebenzayo, i-cytokinin, i-ABA, ne-GA engasebenzi akhuphuka njengoba amaseli ehlukana abe izitho, egqamisa izindima zawo ekuhlukaniseni amaseli ezitshalo kanye ne-organogenesis.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi basebenzise i-RNA yokulandelanisa i-transcriptomes, indlela yokuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi nenani lokukhuluma kwezakhi zofuzo, ukuhlola amaphethini we-gene expression kumaseli e-transgenic abonisa ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo. Imiphumela yabo ibonise ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nokwanda kwamangqamuzana kanye ne-auxin zacetshiswa ezakhini zofuzo ezilawulwa ngokuhlukile. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kusetshenziswa i-qPCR kwembula ukuthi amaseli e-transgenic anyukile noma ehla ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezine, okuhlanganisa nezakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ezitshalo, i-metabolism, i-organogenesis, kanye nokuphendula kwe-auxin.
Sekukonke, le miphumela iveza indlela entsha neguquguqukayo yokuvuselela izitshalo engadingi ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwe-PCR. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu esetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo ingase ithuthukise ukuqonda kwethu izinqubo ezibalulekile zokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ezitshalo futhi ithuthukise ukukhethwa kwe-biotechnological yezinhlobo zezitshalo eziwusizo.
Eqokomisa ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka komsebenzi wakhe, uDkt. Ikawa uthe, "Uhlelo olubikiwe lungathuthukisa ukuzalaniswa kwezitshalo ngokunikeza ithuluzi lokudambisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamangqamuzana ezitshalo ze-transgenic ngaphandle kwesidingo se-PCR. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo ze-transgenic zamukelwe njengemikhiqizo, umphakathi uzosheshisa ukuzalaniswa kwezitshalo futhi unciphise izindleko ezihambisanayo zokukhiqiza."
Mayelana Nosolwazi Obambisene no-Tomoko Igawa uDkt. Tomoko Ikawa ungumsizi kaprofesa eSikoleni Seziqu Zokulima, Isikhungo Sesayensi Yezitshalo Zemolekyuli, kanye Nesikhungo Sokucwaninga Kwendawo Kwezolimo Nokulima, eNyuvesi yaseChiba, eJapane. Izintshisekelo zakhe zocwaningo zihlanganisa ukuzala kabusha kwezitshalo ngokocansi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye ne-biotechnology yezitshalo. Umsebenzi wakhe ugxile ekuqondeni izindlela zamangqamuzana zokukhiqiza ucansi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ezitshalo kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ze-transgenic. Unezincwadi ezimbalwa kule mikhakha futhi uyilungu le-Japan Society of Plant Biotechnology, i-Botanical Society of Japan, i-Japanese Plant Breeding Society, i-Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists, kanye ne-International Society for the Study of Plant Reproduction Sexual.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuzenzakalelayo kwamaseli e-transgenic ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwamahomoni: ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezingapheli kanye nokuziphatha kwe-phytohormones.
Ababhali bamemezela ukuthi ucwaningo lwenziwe ngaphandle kobudlelwane bezentengiselwano noma bezezimali obungahunyushwa njengokushayisana kwezintshisekelo okungenzeka.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-22-2024