Isithombe: Izindlela zendabuko zokuvuselela izitshalo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezifana nama-hormone, angaba uhlobo oluthile futhi adinga umsebenzi omningi. Esifundweni esisha, ososayensi bathuthukise uhlelo olusha lokuvuselela izitshalo ngokulawula umsebenzi kanye nokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekuhlukaniseni (ukwanda kwamaseli) kanye nokuhlukanisa kabusha (i-organogenesis) kwamaseli ezitshalo. Buka okwengeziwe
Izindlela zendabuko zokuvuselela izitshalo zidinga ukusetshenziswaabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalonjengei-hormones, okungaba uhlobo oluthile futhi kudinga umsebenzi omningi. Esifundweni esisha, ososayensi bathuthukise uhlelo olusha lokuvuselelwa kwezitshalo ngokulawula umsebenzi kanye nokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekuhlukaniseni (ukwanda kwamaseli) kanye nokuhlukanisa kabusha (i-organogenesis) kwamaseli ezitshalo.
Izitshalo bezilokhu ziwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwezilwane nabantu iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zitshalo zisetshenziselwa ukukhipha amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene emithi kanye nokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwazo kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla kugcizelela isidingo sezindlela ezintsha zokuzalanisa izitshalo. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bezitshalo ingaxazulula ukushoda kokudla esikhathini esizayo ngokukhiqiza izitshalo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo (GM) ezikhiqiza kakhulu futhi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ngokwemvelo, izitshalo zingavuselela izitshalo ezintsha ngokuphelele kusuka kuseli elilodwa "le-totipotent" (iseli elingadala izinhlobo eziningi zamaseli) ngokuhlukanisa nokuhlukanisa kabusha zibe amaseli anezakhiwo nemisebenzi ehlukene. Ukulungiswa kokwenziwa kwamaseli anjalo e-totipotent ngokusebenzisa isiko lezicubu zezitshalo kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekuvikeleni izitshalo, ukuzalanisa, ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-transgenic kanye nezinjongo zocwaningo lwesayensi. Ngokwesiko, isiko lezicubu zokuvuselela izitshalo kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo (ama-GGR), njenge-auxins nama-cytokinins, ukulawula ukwahlukana kwamaseli. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezinhle kakhulu zamahomoni zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinhlobo zezitshalo, izimo zesiko kanye nohlobo lwezicubu. Ngakho-ke, ukudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlola kungaba umsebenzi othatha isikhathi futhi odinga umsebenzi omningi.
Ukuze kunqotshwe le nkinga, uSolwazi Ohlangene uTomoko Ikawa, kanye noSolwazi Ohlangene uMai F. Minamikawa waseChiba University, uSolwazi uHitoshi Sakakibara waseNagoya University Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences kanye noMikiko Kojima, uchwepheshe ochwepheshe waseRIKEN CSRS, bathuthukise indlela ejwayelekile yokulawula izitshalo ngokulawula. Ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo “ezilawulwa ngokuthuthukayo” (DR) zokuhlukanisa amaseli ukuze kufezwe ukuvuselelwa kwezitshalo. Kushicilelwe kuVolumu 15 we-Frontiers in Plant Science ngo-Ephreli 3, 2024, uDkt. Ikawa unikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe ngomsebenzi wabo wocwaningo, ethi: “Uhlelo lwethu alusebenzisi ama-PGR angaphandle, kodwa kunalokho lusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo ze-transcription factor ukulawula ukwahlukana kwamaseli. Okufana namaseli e-pluripotent abangelwa ezincelisayo.”
Abacwaningi baveze izakhi zofuzo ezimbili ze-DR ngendlela engaphandle, i-BABY BOOM (BBM) kanye ne-WUSCHEL (WUS), ezivela ku-Arabidopsis thaliana (esetshenziswa njengesitshalo esiyisibonelo) futhi bahlola umphumela wazo ekuhlukaniseni ukukhuliswa kwezicubu zikagwayi, ilethisi kanye ne-petunia. I-BBM ifaka ikhodi ye-transcription factor elawula intuthuko yombungu, kanti i-WUS ifaka ikhodi ye-transcription factor egcina ukuhlonza kwe-stem cell esifundeni se-apical meristem yehlumela.
Ukuhlolwa kwabo kubonise ukuthi ukuvezwa kwe-Arabidopsis BBM noma i-WUS kuphela akwanele ukuvusa ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ezicutshini zamaqabunga kagwayi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuvezwa kwe-BBM ethuthukisiwe ngokusebenza kanye ne-WUS eguquliwe ngokusebenza kubangela i-phenotype yokuhlukanisa okuzimele okusheshayo. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-PCR, amaseli amaqabunga e-transgenic ahlukaniswe abe yi-callus (isisindo samaseli esingahlelekile), izakhiwo ezifana nezitho eziluhlaza kanye namahlumela angena ngaphakathi. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), indlela esetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukubhalwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kubonise ukuthi ukuvezwa kwe-Arabidopsis BBM kanye ne-WUS kuhlobene nokwakheka kwe-transgenic calli kanye namahlumela.
Uma sibheka indima ebalulekile yama-phytohormones ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhlukaniseni amaseli, abacwaningi balinganise amazinga ama-phytohormones ayisithupha, okuyi-auxin, i-cytokinin, i-abscisic acid (ABA), i-gibberellin (GA), i-jasmonic acid (JA), i-salicylic acid (SA) kanye nama-metabolites ayo ezitshalweni zezitshalo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo. Imiphumela yabo ibonise ukuthi amazinga e-active auxin, i-cytokinin, i-ABA, kanye ne-inactive GA ayanda njengoba amaseli ehlukana abe yizitho zomzimba, okugqamisa izindima zawo ekuhlukaniseni amaseli ezitshalo kanye ne-organogenesis.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi basebenzise ama-transcriptomes e-RNA sequencing, indlela yokuhlaziya okunekhwalithi kanye nobuningi bokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo, ukuhlola amaphethini okubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo kumaseli e-transgenic abonisa ukwahlukana okusebenzayo. Imiphumela yabo ibonise ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nokwanda kwamaseli kanye ne-auxin zicebile kuma-gene alawulwa ngokuhlukile. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kusetshenziswa i-qPCR kwembule ukuthi amaseli e-transgenic ayekhuphukile noma enciphile ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezine, okuhlanganisa izakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukwahlukana kwamaseli ezitshalo, i-metabolism, i-organogenesis, kanye nempendulo ye-auxin.
Sekukonke, le miphumela yembula indlela entsha neguquguqukayo yokuvuselela izitshalo engadingi ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwe-PCR. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo olusetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo lungathuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu izinqubo eziyisisekelo zokwehlukaniswa kwamaseli ezitshalo futhi luthuthukise ukukhethwa kwe-biotechnological kwezinhlobo zezitshalo eziwusizo.
Eqokomisa ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka komsebenzi wakhe, uDkt. Ikawa uthe, “Uhlelo olubikiwe lungathuthukisa ukuzala kwezitshalo ngokunikeza ithuluzi lokukhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ezitshalo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo ngaphandle kwesidingo se-PCR. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo zamukelwe njengemikhiqizo, umphakathi uzosheshisa ukuzala kwezitshalo futhi unciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza ezihambisana nazo.”
Mayelana noSolwazi Ohlangene uTomoko Igawa UDkt. Tomoko Ikawa unguprofesa osizayo eSikoleni Esiphezulu Sokulima Izitshalo, iSikhungo Sesayensi Yezitshalo Zamamolekyuli, kanye neSikhungo Sezolimo Nezolimo Zesikhala, iYunivesithi yaseChiba, eJapane. Izintshisekelo zakhe zocwaningo zifaka phakathi ukuzala nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ngokocansi kanye ne-biotechnology yezitshalo. Umsebenzi wakhe ugxile ekuqondeni izindlela zamamolekyuli zokuzala nokuhlukanisa amaseli ezitshalo kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ze-transgenic. Unezincwadi eziningana kulezi zindawo futhi uyilungu le-Japan Society of Plant Biotechnology, i-Botanical Society of Japan, i-Japanese Plant Breeding Society, i-Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists, kanye ne-International Society for the Study of Plant Sexual Reproduction.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuzenzakalelayo kwamaseli e-transgenic ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwama-hormone: ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezingokwemvelo kanye nokuziphatha kwama-phytohormones
Abalobi bathi ucwaningo lwenziwe ngaphandle kobudlelwano bezentengiselwano noma bezezimali obungabhekwa njengokungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo okungenzeka.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-22-2024