Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II ngawo-1950, ukuhlasela kwezimbungulu kwacishe kwaqedwa emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenzisaisibulala-zinambuzanei-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-DDT, ikhemikhali eye yavinjelwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Nokho, izinambuzane zasemadolobheni seziphinde zavela emhlabeni wonke, futhi sezikwazi ukumelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziselwa ukuzilawula.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Medical Entomology luchaza ukuthi ithimba labacwaningi abavela eVirginia Tech, eliholwa isazi sezinambuzane zasemadolobheni u-Warren Booth, lithole kanjani ukuguqulwa kofuzo okungaholela ekumelaneni nezibulala-zinambuzane.
Ukutholwa kwaba umphumela wocwaningo iBooth ehlelelwe umfundi oneziqu uCamilla Block ukuze athuthukise amakhono akhe ocwaningweni lwamangqamuzana.
UBooth, ogxile ezinambuzaneni zasemadolobheni, kwase kuyisikhathi eside ephawula ukuguqulwa kofuzo emangqamuzaneni emizwa yamaphela nezimpukane zaseJalimane okwakuwenza amelane nezibulala-zinambuzane. U-Booth uphakamise ukuthi u-Block athathe isampula yesiphazamisi sombhede esisodwa esixukwini ngasinye kwezingu-134 ezihlukene eziqoqwe izinkampani ezilawula izinambuzane zaseNyakatho Melika phakathi kuka-2008 no-2022 ukuze abone ukuthi zonke zinakho yini ukuguqulwa kweseli okufanayo. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izimbungulu ezimbili ezivela kubantu ababili abahlukene zazinokuguqulwa kweseli okufanayo.
“Lawa amasampula ami okugcina angama-24,” kusho uBullock, owenza izifundo ze-entomology futhi oyilungu le-Invasive Species Partnership. “Angikaze ngilwenze ucwaningo lwamangqamuzana ngaphambili, ngakho ukuba nawo wonke lawa makhono amangqamuzana kwakubalulekile kimi.”
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlasela kwezimbungulu kufana ngokofuzo ngenxa yokuzalanisa ngobuningi, isifanekiso esisodwa esivela kusampula ngayinye ngokuvamile esimelela abantu. Kodwa u-Booth wayefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi u-Bullock ukutholile ngempela ukuguqulwa, ngakho-ke bahlole wonke amasampula avela kubo bobabili abantu abahlonziwe.
"Ngesikhathi sibuyela emuva futhi sihlola abantu abambalwa kuzo zombili lezi zizwe, sithole ukuthi ngamunye wabo uphethe uguquko," kusho uBooth. "Ngakho-ke ukuguqulwa kwabo kushintshile, futhi kuyizinguquko ezifanayo esizithole ku-cockroach yaseJalimane."
Ngokutadisha amaphela aseJalimane, uBooth wafunda ukuthi ukumelana kwawo nezibulala-zinambuzane kwakubangelwa ukuguqulwa kofuzo kumaseli esimiso sezinzwa nokuthi lezi zindlela zazinqunywa imvelo.
“Kunesakhi sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Rdl. Lesi sakhi sofuzo sitholakale kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane futhi sihlotshaniswa nokumelana nesibulala-zinambuzane esibizwa ngokuthi i-dieldrin,” kusho uBooth, ophinde asebenze eFralin Institute of Life Sciences. “Lolu shintsho lukhona kuwo wonke amaphela aseJalimane. Kuyamangaza ukuthi asikaze sithole isibalo sabantu abangenalo lolu shintsho.”
I-Fipronil ne-dieldrin, izibulala-zinambuzane ezimbili ezikhonjiswe ukuthi zisebenza ngempumelelo ekulweni nezimbungulu elebhu, zisebenza ngendlela efanayo, ngakho uguquko ngokwethiyori lwenza izinambuzane zimelana nakho kokubili, kusho uBooth. I-Dieldrin iye yavinjelwa kusukela ngawo-1990, kodwa i-fipronil manje isisetshenziselwa kuphela ukulawula amazeze emakati nasezinjeni, hhayi izimbungulu.
U-Booth usola ukuthi abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo abaningi abasebenzisa imithi yokwelapha ye-fipronil ye-topical bavumela amakati nezinja zabo ukuthi zilale nazo, baveze imibhede yabo ezinsaleni ze-fipronil. Uma izimbungulu zazingeniswa endaweni enjalo, zingavezwa ngokungafanele ku-fipronil, bese ukuguqulwa kungakhethwa kubantu bezinambuzane.
"Asazi noma lolu shintsho lusha, noma lwavela ngemuva kwalokhu, noma lwavela ngalesi sikhathi, noma lwaluvele lukhona kubantu eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule," kusho uBooth.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukukhulisa ukusesha nokubheka lezi zinguquko ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eYurophu, futhi ngezikhathi ezahlukene phakathi kwezibonelo zasemnyuziyamu, njengoba izimbungulu sezineminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi zikhona.
NgoNovemba 2024, ilebhu kaBooth yalandelanisa ngempumelelo lonke uhlobo lwesiphazamisi sombhede ovamile okokuqala ngqa.
UBooth waphawula ukuthi inkinga nge-DNA yomnyuziyamu ukuthi iphuka ngokushesha ibe yizingcezu ezincane, kodwa njengoba abacwaningi sebenezifanekiso ezingeni le-chromosome, bangakwazi ukuthatha lezo zingcezu bazihlele kabusha zibe ama-chromosome, bakha kabusha izakhi zofuzo kanye ne-genome.
UBooth waphawula ukuthi amalebhu akhe abambisene nezinkampani ezilawula izinambuzane, ngakho umsebenzi wabo wokulandelanisa izakhi zofuzo ungabasiza baqonde kangcono ukuthi izimbungulu zitholakala kuphi emhlabeni wonke nokuthi zingasiza kanjani ukuziqeda.
Manje njengoba u-Bullock esethuthukise ikhono lakhe lamangqamuzana, ubheke ngabomvu ukuqhubeka nocwaningo lwakhe lokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwedolobha.
"Ngithanda ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuyathakazelisa ngempela," kusho uBlock. “Abantu bahlakulela ukuxhumana okujulile nalezi zilwane zasemadolobheni, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kulula ukwenza abantu babe nesithakazelo ezimbungwini ngoba bayakwazi ukuziqonda mathupha.”
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-13-2025