Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II ngawo-1950, ukutheleleka kwezimbungulu kwacishe kwaqedwa emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenzisa i-isibulala-zinambuzanei-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-DDT, ikhemikhali eselivinjelwe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, izinambuzane zasemadolobheni seziphinde zavela emhlabeni wonke, futhi ziye zathola ukumelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinambuzane ezisetshenziswa ukuzilawula.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kuyi-Journal of Medical Entomology luchaza indlela ithimba labacwaningi elivela eVirginia Tech, eliholwa yisazi sezinambuzane zasemadolobheni uWarren Booth, elithole ngayo izinguquko zofuzo ezingaholela ekumelaneni nezibulala-zinambuzane.
Lokhu kwatholakala kwaba umphumela wocwaningo uBooth ayeluhlelele umfundi ophothule uCamilla Block ukuze athuthukise amakhono akhe ocwaningo lwama-molecule.
UBooth, ogxile ezilokazaneni zasemadolobheni, wayesenesikhathi eside eqaphela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa zamaphela aseJalimane kanye nezimpukane ezimhlophe ezenza ukuthi zimelane nezibulala-zinambuzane. UBooth uphakamise ukuthi uBlock athathe isampula yezinambuzane zombhede owodwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu zombhede eziyi-134 eziqoqwe yizinkampani zokulawula izinambuzane zaseNyakatho Melika phakathi kuka-2008 no-2022 ukuze abone ukuthi zonke zinezinguquko ezifanayo zamaseli. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi izimbungulu ezimbili zombhede ezivela ezilokeni ezimbili ezihlukene zinezinguquko ezifanayo zamaseli.
“Empeleni lawa amasampula ami okugcina angu-24,” kusho uBullock, ofunda ngezinambuzane futhi oyilungu le-Invasive Species Partnership. “Angikaze ngenze ucwaningo lwama-molecule ngaphambili, ngakho ukuba nawo wonke la makhono ama-molecule kwakubaluleke kakhulu kimi.”
Ngenxa yokuthi ukutheleleka kwezimbungulu zemibhede kuyafana ngokwezakhi zofuzo ngenxa yokuzalana ngobuningi, isampula eyodwa kuphela evela kusampula ngayinye ivame ukumelela inani labantu. Kodwa uBooth wayefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uBullock wayethole ngempela ushintsho, ngakho bahlola wonke amasampula avela kuzo zombili izinhlobo ezitholakele.
“Lapho sibuyela emuva siyohlola abantu abambalwa kuzo zombili lezi zizwe, sathola ukuthi ngamunye wabo wayenokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo,” kusho uBooth. “Ngakho ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo zabo kuzinzile, futhi kuyizinguquko ezifanayo esizitholile emphethweni waseJalimane.”
Ngokutadisha amaphela aseJalimane, uBooth wafunda ukuthi ukumelana kwawo nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kwakubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo emangqamuzaneni esimiso sezinzwa nokuthi lezi zindlela zazinqunywa indawo.
“Kukhona i-gene ebizwa ngokuthi i-Rdl gene. Le gene itholakale kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane futhi ihlotshaniswa nokumelana nesibulala-zinambuzane esibizwa ngokuthi i-dieldrin,” kusho uBooth, osebenza eFralin Institute of Life Sciences. “Lolu guquko lukhona kuzo zonke izimpungushe zaseJalimane. Kuyamangaza ukuthi asikatholi inani elingenalo lolu guquko.”
I-Fipronil ne-dieldrin, izibulala-zinambuzane ezimbili eziye zabonakala zisebenza kahle ngokumelene nezimbungulu zombhede elabhorethri, zisebenza ngendlela efanayo yokusebenza, ngakho-ke ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwenze ukuthi izinambuzane zingamelani nazo zombili, kusho uBooth. I-Dieldrin ibilokhu ivinjelwe kusukela ngawo-1990, kodwa i-fipronil manje isetshenziswa kuphela ekulawuleni izimbungulu ezingaphandle kwamakati nezinja, hhayi izimbungulu zombhede.
UBooth usola ukuthi abanikazi bezilwane eziningi ezifuywayo abasebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-fipronil okufakwe endaweni ethile bavumela amakati nezinja zabo ukuba zilale nazo, okuveza imibhede yazo ezinsaleleni ze-fipronil. Uma izimbungulu zombhede zingeniswa endaweni enjalo, zingase zivezwe ngengozi ku-fipronil, bese kuthi ukuguqulwa kungakhethwa kubantu bezimbungulu zombhede.
“Asazi ukuthi lolu guquko lusha yini, ukuthi luvele ngemva kwalokhu, ukuthi luvele phakathi nalesi sikhathi, noma ukuthi lwaluvele lukhona yini kubantu eminyakeni eyi-100 eyedlule,” kusho uBooth.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukwandisa usesho nokubheka lezi zinguquko ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eYurophu, nangezikhathi ezahlukene phakathi kwezibonelo zemyuziyamu, njengoba izimbungulu zombhede sezikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi.
NgoNovemba 2024, ilebhu kaBooth yahlola ngempumelelo lonke uhlobo lwegciwane lezinambuzane ezivamile okokuqala ngqa.
UBooth waphawula ukuthi inkinga nge-DNA yemyuziyamu ukuthi ihlukana ibe yizingcezu ezincane ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa manje njengoba abacwaningi sebenezifanekiso ezingeni le-chromosome, bangathatha lezo zingcezu bazihlele kabusha zibe ama-chromosome, bakhe kabusha izakhi zofuzo kanye ne-genome.
UBooth waphawula ukuthi ilabhorethri yakhe ibambisana nezinkampani zokulawula izinambuzane, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wabo wokulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo ungabasiza baqonde kangcono ukuthi izimbungulu zombhede zitholakala kuphi emhlabeni jikelele nokuthi bangasiza kanjani ekuziqedeni.
Manje njengoba uBullock esethuthukise amakhono akhe okufunda ama-molecule, ubheke phambili ekuqhubekeni nocwaningo lwakhe ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo emadolobheni.
"Ngiyakuthanda ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuyathakazelisa ngempela," kusho uBlock. "Abantu bakha ukuxhumana okujulile nalezi zinhlobo zasemadolobheni, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kulula ukwenza abantu babe nesithakazelo ezimbungwini zombhede ngoba bayakwazi ukuziqonda mathupha."
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-13-2025