Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, izimbungulu zabhubhisa umhlaba, kodwa ngawo-1950 zacishe zaqedwa ngokuphelele ngesibulala-zinambuzane i-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Leli khemikhali lavinjelwa kamuva. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sinambuzane sasemadolobheni sibuye emhlabeni wonke futhi siye samelana nezibulala-zinambuzane eziningi ezisetshenziswa ukuzilawula.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kuyi-Journal of Medical Entomology luchaza indlela ithimba labacwaningi elivela eVirginia Tech, eliholwa yisazi sezinambuzane zasemadolobheni uWarren Booth, elithole ngayo ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okungaholela ekumelaneni nezibulala-zinambuzane.
Lokhu okutholakele kwakuwumphumela we-Booth yocwaningo eyenzelwe umfundi ophothule uCamille Block ukuthuthukisa amakhono akhe ocwaningo lwama-molecule.
“Kwakuwuhambo lokudoba nje kuphela,” kusho uBooth, uprofesa ohlangene wesayensi yezinambuzane zasemadolobheni eJoseph R. kanye noMary W. Wilson College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
UBooth, uchwepheshe wezinambuzane zasemadolobheni, wayesevele azi ngokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa zamaphela aseJalimane nezimpukane ezimhlophe ezazinikeza ukumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane. UBooth uphakamise ukuthi uBrooke ahlaziye isampula eyodwa yezimbungulu zombhede ezivela kubantu abangu-134 abahlukene abaqoqwe yinkampani yokulawula izinambuzane yaseNyakatho Melika phakathi kuka-2008 no-2022 ukuze anqume ukuthi zinokuguqulwa okufanayo kweseli. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi izimbungulu ezimbili zombhede ezivela kubantu ababili abahlukene zazinokuguqulwa.
"Lokhu (ukutholwa) empeleni kwenziwe ngokusekelwe ezibonelweni zami zokugcina ezingu-24," kusho uBlock, ofunda isayensi yezinambuzane futhi oyilungu le-Invasive Species Collaboration. "Angikaze ngenze i-molecular biology ngaphambili, ngakho ukufunda la makhono kubalulekile kimi."
Ngenxa yokuthi inani lezimbungulu zombhede lifana kakhulu ngokwezakhi zofuzo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuzalelana, isampula elilodwa kubantu ngabanye livame ukwanele ukumela iqembu lonke. Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uBrock wayethole ngempela uguquko, uBooth wahlola wonke amasampula kubantu ababili abahlonziwe.
“Lapho siphinde sahlola abantu abaningana kuzo zombili lezi zinhlobo, sathola ukuthi bonke babenalolu guquko,” kusho uBooth. “Ngakho-ke baba ngabathwali balolu guquko, futhi lolu guquko lufana nolwabathola kuma-cockroaches aseJalimane.”
Ngocwaningo lwakhe ngama-cockroaches aseJalimane, uBooth wafunda ukuthi ukumelana kwawo nezibulala-zinambuzane kwakubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo emaseli esimiso sabo sezinzwa, nokuthi lezi zindlela zazincike endaweni ezungezile.
"Kukhona i-gene ebizwa ngokuthi i-Rdl gene. Itholakale kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane futhi ihlotshaniswa nokumelana ne-dieldrin yezinambuzane," kusho uBooth, umcwaningi eFralin Institute of Life Sciences. "Lolu guquko lukhona kuzo zonke izimpungushe zaseJalimane. Ngokumangazayo, asikatholanga neyodwa inqwaba yabantu engenalo lolu guquko."
Ngokusho kukaBooth, i-fipronil kanye ne-dieldrin—zombili izibulala-zinambuzane ezifakazelwe ukuthi ziyasebenza ekulweni nezimbungulu ezifundweni zelebhu—zinendlela efanayo yokusebenza, ngakho-ke ngokombono, lokhu kuguquka kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokumelana nemithi yomibili. I-Dieldrin ivinjelwe kusukela ngawo-1990, kodwa i-fipronil isasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izimbungulu ezinja nasemakatini, hhayi ekulawuleni izimbungulu.
UBooth usola ukuthi abanikazi bezilwane eziningi ezifuywayo abasebenzisa amaconsi e-fipronil ukwelapha izilwane ezifuywayo zabo bavumela amakati nezinja zabo ukuba zilale nazo, okuveza imibhede yazo ezinsaleleni ze-fipronil. Uma izimbungulu zingena endaweni enjalo, zingase zihlangane ne-fipronil ngokungahlosile futhi zibe sengozini yokwanda kwalolu hlobo kubantu.
“Asazi ukuthi lolu guquko lusha yini, ukuthi luvele kamuva, phakathi naleso sikhathi, noma ukuthi lwase lukhona kakade kubantu eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule,” kusho uBooth.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukwandisa usesho lokuthola lezi zinguquko emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi eYurophu, kanye nasembukisweni wemyuziyamu wezikhathi ezahlukene, njengoba izimbungulu zombhede sezikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi.
NgoNovemba 2024, iBooth Labs yaba yilabhorethri yokuqala ukulandelanisa ngempumelelo yonke i-genome ye-common bed bug.
“Lesi isikhathi sokuqala ukuthi i-genome yalesi sinambuzane ihlelwe ngokulandelana,” kusho uBooth. “Manje njengoba sesinochungechunge lwe-genome, singakwazi ukufunda lezi zibonelo zemyuziyamu.”
UBooth uphawula ukuthi inkinga nge-DNA yemyuziyamu ukuthi ihlukana ibe yizingcezu ezincane ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa abacwaningi manje banezifanekiso zezinga lama-chromosome ezibavumela ukuthi bakhiphe lezi zingcezu futhi bazivumelanise nalezi zi-chromosome ukuze bakhe kabusha izakhi zofuzo nama-genome.
UBooth uphawula ukuthi ilebhu yakhe ibambisana nezinkampani zokulawula izinambuzane, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wabo wokulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo ungabasiza baqonde kangcono ukusabalala kwezimbungulu emhlabeni jikelele kanye nezindlela zokuziqeda.
Manje njengoba uBrock esethuthukise amakhono akhe kwi-biology yama-molecular, ujabule kakhulu ukuqhubeka nocwaningo lwakhe ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo emadolobheni.
"Ngiyakuthanda ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngikuthola kuthakazelisa kakhulu," kusho uBlock. "Abantu bazizwa benokuxhumana okuhle nalezi zinhlobo zasemadolobheni, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kulula ukwenza abantu babe nesithakazelo ezimbungwini zombhede ngoba mhlawumbe bahlangane nazo mathupha."
ULindsay Myers ungumuntu ocwaninga ngemuva kokuthola iziqu zocwaningo eMnyangweni Wezinambuzane futhi uyilungu leqembu locwaningo likaBooth eVirginia Tech.
I-Virginia Tech, njengeyunivesithi yomhlaba wonke, exhaswa ngumphakathi, ikhombisa umthelela wayo ngokuthuthukisa intuthuko esimeme emiphakathini yethu, eVirginia, nasemhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 12-2025