(Ngaphandle Kwemithi Yokubulala Izinambuzane, Julayi 8, 2024) Sicela nithumele imibono yenu ngoLwesithathu, Julayi 31, 2024. I-Acephalte iyisibulala-zinambuzane esomndeni we-organophosphate (OP) enobuthi kakhulu futhi inobuthi kangangokuthi i-Environmental Protection Agency isiphakamisile ukuthi isenqabele ngaphandle kokuthi ukuphathwa okuhlelekile ezihlahleni.Isikhathi sokuphawula sesivuliwe, futhi i-EPA izokwamukela ukuphawula kuze kube uLwesithathu, Julayi 31, ngemva kokunwetshwa komnqamulajuqu kaJulayi.Kulesi simo sokusetshenziswa esisele, i-EPA ihlala ingazi ukuthi i-systemic neonicotinoidizibulala-zinambuzanekungadala umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile ngokufaka ubuthi ezintweni eziphilayo.
>> Thumela imibono mayelana ne-acephate futhi utshele i-EPA ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane akufanele zisetshenziswe uma izitshalo zingakhiqizwa ngokwemvelo.
I-EPA ihlongoza ukuyekwa konke ukusetshenziswa kwe-acephalate, ngaphandle kwemijovo yesihlahla, ukuze kuqedwe zonke izingozi ezihlonziwe ezedlula izinga layo lokukhathazeka ngokudla/amanzi okuphuza, izingozi zendawo yokuhlala nezasemsebenzini, kanye nezingozi zebhayoloji ezingahlosiwe.izingozi.Ngaphandle Kwemithi Yezinambuzane kuphawulwe ukuthi nakuba indlela yokujova esihlahleni ingazibeki izingozi zezempilo ezeqile noma ezivamile, futhi ingazibeki ubungozi emsebenzini noma empilweni yomuntu ngemva kokusetshenziswa, i-ejensi iyaziba izingozi ezibalulekile zemvelo.I-ejensi ayihloli izingozi zemvelo zokusebenzisa imijovo yesihlahla, kodwa esikhundleni salokho ithatha ukuthi lokhu kusetshenziswa akubangeli ingozi enkulu ezintweni ezingahlosiwe.Ngokuphambene, ukusetshenziswa kwemijovo yesihlahla kubangela ubungozi obukhulu kubathungi bempova nakwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingakwazi ukuncishiswa ngakho-ke kufanele zifakwe ekukhishweni kwe-acephate.
Lapho ijova ezihlahleni, izibulala-zinambuzane zijovwa ngqo esiqwini, zimuncwe ngokushesha futhi zisakazwe kuwo wonke isimiso semithambo.Ngenxa yokuthi i-acephate kanye nomkhiqizo wayo wokuwohloka i-methamidophos kuyizibulala-zinambuzane ezincibilikayo ezincibilikayo, leli khemikhali lilethwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zesihlahla, okuhlanganisa impova, ubisi, inhlaka, amaqabunga nokunye.Izinyosi nezinye izinyoni ezinjengama-hummingbirds, ama-woodpeckers, ama-sapsuckers, imivini, ama-nuthatches, ama-chickadee, njll. zingase zivezwe emfucumfucwini yezihlahla ezijovwe nge-acephate.Izinyosi zivezwa hhayi kuphela lapho ziqoqa impova engcolile, kodwa nalapho ziqoqa ubisi nenhlaka esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-propolis ebalulekile yesidleke.Ngokunjalo, izinyoni zingase zichayeke ezinsaleni ze-acephate/metamidophos ezinobuthi lapho zidla ubisi lwesihlahla olungcolile, izinambuzane/izibungu ezibhoboza izinkuni, kanye nezinambuzane/izibungu ezidla amaqabunga.
Nakuba idatha inomkhawulo, i-US Environmental Protection Agency inqume ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-acephalte kungase kube yingozi ezinyosini.Kodwa-ke, isethi ephelele yezifundo ze-pollinator ku-acephalate noma i-methamidophos ayizange ibikwe, ngakho-ke ayikho idatha yomlomo obuhlungu, omdala ongapheli, noma ubuthi be-larval ezinyosini zoju;Lezi zikhala zedatha ziveza ukungaqiniseki okukhulu ekuhloleni imiphumela ye-acephate kuma-pollinator, njengoba ukuthambekela kungase kuhluke ngesigaba sempilo kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka (abantu abadala ngokumelene nezibungu kanye ne-acute ngokumelene ne-chronic, ngokulandelanayo).Izehlakalo ezimbi ezinembangela nomphumela okungenzeka noma okungenzeka, okuhlanganisa ukufa kwezinyosi, zihlotshaniswe nokuchayeka kwezinyosi ku-acephate kanye/noma i-methamidophos.Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ukujova i-acephate ezihlahleni akwehlisi ubungozi bezinyosi uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa kwamaqabunga, kodwa kungase kwandise ukuchayeka uma kubhekwa imithamo ephezulu ejovwe esihlahleni, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ingozi yobuthi.I-ejensi inikeze isitatimende sengozi ye-pollinator yemijovo yesihlahla esasithi, “Lo mkhiqizo unobuthi obuyingozi ezinyosini.Lesi sitatimende selebula asinele nhlobo ukuvikela izinyosi nezinye izinto eziphilayo noma ukuveza ubulukhuni bengozi.”
Izingozi zokusebenzisa izindlela ze-acetate nezindlela zokujova izihlahla azikahlolisiswa ngokugcwele ngezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala.Ngaphambi kokuphothula ukubuyekezwa kokubhaliswa kwe-acephalate, i-EPA kufanele iqedele ukuhlolwa kwezinhlobo ezisohlwini kanye nanoma yikuphi ukubonisana okudingekayo ne-US Fish and Wildlife Service kanye ne-National Marine Fisheries Service, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zezinyoni nezinambuzane ezisohlwini kanye nalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni nezinambuzane. .sebenzisa izihlahla ezijovwe ngokufuna ukudla, ukudla kanye nokuzalela.
Ngo-2015, i-ejensi yaqeda ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwe-endocrine disruptor acephates futhi yaphetha ngokuthi akukho datha eyengeziwe edingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe imiphumela engase ibe khona ku-estrogen, i-androgen, noma i-thyroid pathways kubantu noma izilwane zasendle.Kodwa-ke, ulwazi lwakamuva lusikisela ukuthi amandla e-endocrine aphazamisa i-acephate kanye nokuwohloka kwayo kwe-methamidophos ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezingenayo i-receptor-mediated kungase kube ukukhathazeka, ngakho-ke i-EPA kufanele ibuyekeze ukuhlolwa kwayo kwengozi ye-endocrine ephazamisa i-acephate.
Ukwengeza, ekuhloleni kwayo ukusebenza kahle, i-Environmental Protection Agency yaphetha ngokuthi inzuzo yemijovo ye-acetate ekulawuleni izinambuzane zezihlahla ngokuvamile incane ngoba zimbalwa ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo ezikhona ezinambuzaneni eziningi.Ngakho-ke, ingozi enkulu yezinyosi nezinyoni ezihlotshaniswa nokuphatha izihlahla nge-acephate ayilungile ekubukeni kwenzuzo yengozi.
> Thumela umbono wakho nge-acephate futhi utshele i-EPA ukuthi uma izitshalo zingatshalwa ngemvelo, izibulala-zinambuzane akufanele zisetshenziswe.
Naphezu kokubeka kuqala ukubuyekezwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ze-organophosphate, i-EPA yehlulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuvikela labo abasengozini enkulu emiphumeleni yabo ye-neurotoxic—abalimi nabantwana.Ngo-2021, i-Earthjustice nezinye izinhlangano zacela i-Environmental Protection Agency ukuthi isule ukubhalisa lezi zibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi obunamandla.Kule ntwasahlobo, i-Consumer Reports (CR) yenza ucwaningo olunzulu kakhulu okwamanje lwezibulala-zinambuzane emkhiqizweni, bathola ukuthi ukuchayeka emaqenjini amabili amakhulu amakhemikhali-i-organophosphates ne-carbamates-kuyingozi kakhulu, futhi kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza, isifo sikashukela kanye nesifo sikashukela. Isifo senhliziyo.isifo.Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okutholwe, i-CR yacela i-Environmental Protection Agency ukuthi “ivimbele ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zibulala-zinambuzane ezithelweni nemifino.”
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinkinga ezingenhla, i-EPA ayizange ibhekane nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine.I-EPA futhi ayibacabangeli abantu abasengozini, ukuchayeka kuzingxube, nokusebenzisana okuhambisanayo lapho kusethwa amazinga amukelekayo ensalela yokudla.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibulala-zinambuzane zingcolisa amanzi nomoya wethu, zilimaza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, zilimaza izisebenzi zasemapulazini, futhi zibulale izinyosi, izinyoni, izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasendle.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukudla okuphilayo okuqinisekisiwe kwe-USDA akusebenzisi izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi ekukhiqizeni kwakho.Izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezitholakala emikhiqizweni ephilayo, ngaphandle kokumbalwa, ziwumphumela wokunukubezeka kwezolimo okungahlosiwe okungahlosiwe ngenxa yokukhukhuleka kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, noma izinsalela zomhlabathi ezingemuva.Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuphilayo kungcono empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo kunokukhiqizwa okunamandla amakhemikhali, isayensi yakamuva iphinde yembula lokho abasekeli bezinto eziphilayo kudala bethi: ukudla okuphilayo kungcono, ngaphezu kokuthi akuqukethe izinsalela ezinobuthi ezivela ekudleni okuvamile. imikhiqizo.Inomsoco futhi ayifaki ushevu kubantu noma ingcolise imiphakathi lapho kutshalwa khona ukudla.“
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe yi-Organic Center lubonisa ukuthi ukudla okuphilayo kuphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile ezibalulekile, njengomthamo ophelele we-antioxidant, ama-polyphenols aphelele, nama-flavonoid amabili ayinhloko, i-quercetin ne- kaempferol, konke okunezinzuzo zokudla okunomsoco.I-Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry ihlolisise ngokukhethekileyo inani le-phenolic eliphelele lama-blueberries, ama-strawberry, nommbila futhi yathola ukuthi ukudla okutshalwe nge-organically kuqukethe inani eliphakeme le-phenolic.Izinhlanganisela ze-phenolic zibalulekile empilweni yezitshalo (ukuzivikela ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni) nempilo yabantu ngoba “zinomsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zemithi, okuhlanganisa umsebenzi ovimbela umdlavuza, i-antioxidant, kanye ne-platelet aggregation inhibitory.
Uma kubhekwa izinzuzo zokukhiqizwa kwemvelo, i-EPA kufanele isebenzise ukukhiqizwa kwe-organic njengendlela yokunquma lapho ikala ubungozi nezinzuzo zezibulala-zinambuzane.Uma izitshalo zingatshalwa ngokwemvelo, izibulala-zinambuzane akufanele zisetshenziswe.“
>> Thumela ukuphawula kwakho nge-acephate bese utshela i-EPA ukuthi uma isilimo singatshalwa ngendlela ephilayo, izibulala-zinambuzane akufanele zisetshenziswe.
Lokhu kufakwa kufakwe ngoMsombuluko, Julayi 8, 2024 ngo-12:01 pm futhi kufakwe ngaphansi kwe-Acephate, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Take Action, Uncategorized.Ungalandela izimpendulo kulokhu okufakile nge-RSS 2.0 feed.Ungeqela ekugcineni bese ushiya impendulo.I-Ping ayivunyelwe ngalesi sikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-15-2024