I-Fluoxapyr iyi-carboxamideisikhuntayathuthukiswa yi-BASF. Inemisebenzi emihle yokuvimbela nokwelapha. Isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo zesikhunta ezibanzi, okungenani izinhlobo ezingu-26 zezifo zesikhunta. Ingasetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezingaba yi-100, njengezitshalo zokusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi, izitshalo zikawoyela, amakinati, izihlahla zezithelo ze-pome nezetshe, imifino yezimpande ne-tuber, imifino yezithelo kanye nokwelashwa ngokotini, amaqabunga noma imbewu. I-Fluoxafenamide iyisithibi se-succinate dehydrogenase kanye ne-fungicide enhle kakhulu eyathuthukiswa eminyakeni yamuva.
Izakhiwo ze-physicochemical ze-fluconazole
Igama Lekhemikhali le-Fluconazole: 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; Inombolo ye-CAS: 907204-31-3, Ifomula ye-molecular: C18H12F5N3O. Isisindo se-molecular: 381.31 g/mol.I-Fluoxapyr (ubumsulwa obungu-99.3%) iqinile kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani, ayinaphunga, iphuzu lokuncibilika lingu-156.8℃, ubuningi obuhlobene (20℃) 1.42 g/mL, ibola cishe ku-230℃, ingcindezi yomhwamuko (elinganisiwe): 2.7×10-9 Pa (20°C), 8.1×10-9 Pa (25°C); i-Henry's constant: 3.028×10-7 Pa·m3/mol. Ukuncibilika (20℃): amanzi 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00); i-organic solvent (ubumsulwa bobuchwepheshe 99.2) %) (g/L, 20℃): i-acetone>250, i-acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, i-dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, i-ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, i-methanol 53.4±0.0, i-toluene 20.0±0.0, i-n-octanol 4.69±0.1 , i-n-heptane 0.106±0.001. i-n-octanol-water partition coefficient (20°C): i-deionized water log Kow 3.08, i-log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), i-log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), i-log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), i-average log Kow (3.10±0.02). Izinzile engxubeni yamanzi ku-pH 4, 5, 7, 9 ngaphansi kwezimo ezimnyama nezihlanzekile. Ukukhanya kuzinzile.
Ubuthi be-Fluoxafen
Ubuthi obukhulu bomlomo emagundwini (abesifazane) bomuthi wokuqala we-fluconazole: LD50≥2,000 mg/kg, ubuthi obukhulu besikhumba emagundwini (abesilisa nabesifazane): LD50>2,000 mg/kg, ubuthi obukhulu bokuphefumula emagundwini (abesilisa nabesifazane): LC50＞5.1 mg/L; ukucasuka okuncane emehlweni onogwaja nasesikhumbeni sonogwaja; akukho ukuzwela esikhumbeni sengulube ye-Guinea. Akukho umdlavuza, akukho teratogenicity, akukho miphumela emibi ekuzaleni, akukho toxicity genotoxicity, neurotoxicity kanye immunotoxicity.
Ubuthi obuyingozi ezinyonini LD50＞2,000 mg/kg, ubuthi obuyingozi kuDaphnia 6.78 mg/L (amahora angu-48), ubuthi obuyingozi ezinhlanzini (amahora angu-96) LC50 0.546 mg/L, ubuthi obuyingozi ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini (amahora angu-48) EC50 6.78 mg/L, ubuthi obuyingozi ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini (amahora angu-72) EC50 0.70 mg/L, ubuthi obuyingozi ezinyosini (amahora angu-48) LD50>100 μg/inyosi, ubuthi obuyingozi emlonyeni ezinyosini (amahora angu-48) LD50>110.9 μg/inyosi, ubuthi obuyingozi ezinambuzaneni zomhlaba yi-LC50>1,000 mg/kg (izinsuku ezingu-14). Kusukela kudatha engenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi i-Fluoxafen inobuthi ezilwaneni zasemanzini futhi inobuthi obuphansi kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ezizuzisayo.
Indlela yokusebenza kwe-fluoxafen
I-Fluoxafenamide iyisivimbeli se-succinate dehydrogenase, esisebenza ku-succinate dehydrogenase ku-mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II ukuvimbela umsebenzi wayo, ngaleyo ndlela sivimbele ukuhluma kwe-fungus pathogen spores, ukukhula kwama-germ tubes kanye ne-mycelium.
Izinto zokulawula i-Fluconazole
I-Fluoxamid isebenza kahle kakhulu, inobubanzi, ihlala isikhathi eside, iyakhetha, inomoya omuhle kakhulu wokuhambisa amanzi emzimbeni, futhi imelana nokuguguleka kwemvula. Ingalawula ngempumelelo okusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi, ummbila, imbewu yerapeseed, izihlahla zezithelo, imifino, kanye ne-sugar beet ngokwelashwa kwamaqabunga kanye nembewu. , amakinati, ukotini, utshani kanye nezitshalo ezikhethekile, njll., njengokusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi, izihlahla zezithelo nemifino ebangelwa yiConcha, iBotrytis cinerea, iPowdery mildew, iCercospora, iPuccinia, iRhizoctonia, iSclerotium Izifo ezibangelwa yi-cavity fungi, i-botrytis cinerea, ukugqwala, i-powdery mildew yemidumba, i-cotton blight, i-sunflower kanye nezifo ze-rapeseed ezibangelwa yi-Alternaria, njll. Ibhaliswe ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezingaphezu kuka-70 ngo-2015, i-BASF ihlose ukubhalisela ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezingaphezu kuka-100.
I-Fluoxafen iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kakhulu, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe. I-Adexar (i-fluconazole + epoxiconazole) isetshenziswa kukolweni, ibhali, i-triticale, i-rye kanye ne-oats ukulawula isikhunta esimpushana, ukubola kwamaqabunga, ukubola kwe-glume, ukugqwala kwemigqa kanye nokugqwala kwamaqabunga. I-Priaxor (i-flufenapyr + i-pyraclostrobin) ibhaliswe e-United States yezitshalo zesoya, utamatisi, amazambane kanye nezinye izitshalo zasensimini, futhi inemiphumela ekhethekile ekulawuleni amabala ansundu e-soya (i-Septoria glycines); I-Orkestra SC (i-flufenapyr + i-Pyraclostrobin) ibhaliswe eBrazil yezitshalo zesoya, i-citrus, amazambane, u-anyanisi, izaqathi, ama-apula, umango, amakhabe, ukhukhamba, upelepele, utamatisi, i-canola, amakinati, ubhontshisi wezinso, ubhekilanga, amabele, ummbila, ukolweni nezimbali (i-Chrysanthemum kanye ne-rose), njll., ingalawula ukugqwala kwezitshalo zesoya zase-Asia, ithuthukise i-photosynthesis yezitshalo, futhi isetshenziselwe ukulawula ukumelana nezifo. I-Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) ibhaliswe e-United States ukuze kuvinjelwe futhi kulawulwe amabala ampunga e-soybean amelana nemithi yokubulala isikhunta ye-methoxyacrylate. I-ejenti yokwelapha imbewu i-Obvius (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) ibhaliswe e-United States futhi ingalawula izifo ezahlukahlukene zezithombo ezingalawuleki zezitshalo eziningi.
Ama-fungicides avimbela i-dehydrogenase akhule ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi i-fluoxamid ingumkhiqizo ohamba phambili walolu hlobo lwama-fungicides, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle, ububanzi bayo, umsebenzi wayo wesistimu, ofanele izitshalo ezahlukahlukene nezinye izici. Ikakhulukazi, intuthuko eqhubekayo yemikhiqizo yayo ehlanganisiwe yandise ububanzi bokulawula kanye nobubanzi bezitshalo ezisetshenzisiwe, futhi isibe yiparele elikhanyayo emakethe yama-fungicides.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-18-2022