Izindlela Zokusebenzisa i-Ethephon Ezihlahleni Zezithelo Ezihlukahlukene

I-Ethephoninemiphumela eminingi yempilo ezitshalweni, njengokuvimbela ukukhula, ukugqugquzela ukwakheka kwamahlumela ezimbali nokuqhakaza, ukulawula ubulili bezimbali, ukuvusa ukuqunjelwa kwezitho zomzimba, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwezithelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi kubangela ukusabela okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali.

1. Ukukhuthaza Ukuqhakaza Izimbali

I-Ethephonkungandisa umsebenzi we-indole acetic acid oxidase ezitshalweni, kubambezele ukwenziwa kwe-IAA, kunciphise izinga le-IAA ezitshalweni, futhi kuvimbele imisebenzi ye-ama-gibberellinskanye nama-cytokinins. Lokhu kusiza ukufeza umgomo wokuvimbela ukukhula kweziqongo zamagatsha nokukhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamahlumela ezimbali. Ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwamahlumela ezimbali, uma ukukhula kwezitshalo kukhulu noma kungayeki, kuzothinta kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwamahlumela ezimbali. Ngokwelapha nge-Ethephon, kungavimbela ukukhula kwamagatsha amasha ezihlahla zezithelo noma kubangele amagatsha amasha ukuba abune futhi afe, okuqinisekisa inqubo evamile yokuhlukaniswa kwamahlumela ezimbali.

I-Ethephon isetshenziswa ezihlahleni zezithelo ezifana ne-lychee, i-longan, i-apula, i-mango, kanye ne-plum eluhlaza, futhi imiphumela ibaluleke kakhulu. I-Ethephon inomphumela omkhulu wokuvimbela noma wokubulala ekukhuleni kwamahlumela asebusika e-lychee kanye ne-longan. Uma isetshenziswa kanye ne-paclobutrazol kanye nama-amino acid, ingavimbela kakhulu ukukhula kwamahlumela asebusika futhi ikhuthaze ukwanda kobukhulu bamagatsha. Uma ihlanganiswa nezinye izilawuli zezitshalo noma izindlela zokulima, i-ethylenei inomphumela omuhle kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuqhakaza kwama-apula. Isibonelo, i-40% Ethephon ekugxilweni okuphindwe ka-400 + 85% B9 ekugxilweni okuphindwe ka-400 + ukwelashwa okubhongayo kuma-apula e-Red Fuji kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha, kuthuthukise ikhono lesitshalo lokuqhakaza, futhi kwandise kakhulu isisindo sezithelo esisodwa kanye nesivuno.

Ukwelashwa nge-ethephon ezihlahleni zezithelo ezifana nomango, iplamu eluhlaza, kanye ne-kiwi kunciphisa ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha. Ngemva kokwelashwa izinsuku ezingu-7-10, amahlumela amasha eplamu eluhlaza kanye ne-kiwi ayafa, akhuthaze ukuqhakaza, andise izinga lokubekwa kwezithelo, futhi andise isivuno. Ukwelashwa nge-ethephon ku-kiwi kuphumela esimweni sesithelo esithambile, ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lezithelo, kanti i-ethylenei, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswa yodwa noma ixutshwe ne-B9 noma i-PP333, inomphumela wokukhuthaza ukuchitheka kwezithelo ezincane, inciphise kakhulu ubulukhuni bezithelo futhi ibe nomphumela wokuvuthwa. Umphumela we-Ethephon kubhanana uhlukile kowezinye izihlahla zezithelo. Ingandisa inani lama-suckers amuncwa ubhanana, inciphise ukusabalala kwezithelo kanye ne-index yezithelo, okuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno.

II. Ukuvimbela "Ukukhula Okukhulu"

Kokubili i-lychee ne-longan kuyizimbali ezixubile. Uma ziqala ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo futhi zihlangana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, isimo "sokukhula ngokweqile" sivame ukwenzeka. Ikakhulukazi ku-longan, uma "kukhula ngokweqile" kwenzeka, kuzothinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yezimbali kanye nokukhiqiza. Ngokwelapha i-lychee ne-longan nge-Ethephon, ukukhula kwamaqabunga amancane eziqongweni zezimbali kungavinjelwa, futhi kungakhiqizwa iziqongo zezimbali ezimsulwa. Ngocwaningo lokuhlola ngokufafaza i-Ethephon ku-lychee enamaqabunga amnyama, kwatholakala ukuthi ubumsulwa beziqongo zezimbali kanye nenani elimaphakathi lezithelo ngesiqongo ngasinye kukhuphukile. Ukuhlushwa okufanele kwe-ethylene kungu-200-250 mg/L. Lapho kufafaza i-250-300 mg/L i-Ethephon ku-longan lapho ihlumela likhula ngo-5-8 cm, kuyasiza ekuhlukaniseni isimo sezimbali futhi kungavimbela "ukukhula ngokweqile", okuholela eziqongweni zezimbali ezivamile.

Uma usebenzisa i-Ethephon ukwelapha amaqabunga amancane eziqongweni zezimbali, uma ukuhlushwa kungafanele, kuvame ukubangela ukuwa kwezimbali. Ekuhlolweni, kwatholakala ukuthi izinguquko ekushiseni nasekuswakeni ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwe-lychee ne-longan zingathinta umphumela we-Ethephon. Entwasahlobo enezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nomswakama ophezulu, ukuhlushwa kwe-Ethephon kokuvimbela "ukukhula ngokweqile" kungu-250 mg/L; kodwa entwasahlobo enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nesomiso, ukuhlushwa kwe-Ethephon kokuvimbela "ukukhula ngokweqile" kungu-150 mg/L, okusabangela ukuwa kwezimbali, futhi umphumela uyafana ku-lychee ne-longan.

III. Ukukhuthazwa Kokuvuthwa

I-hormone ye-Ethephon ingasheshisa ukubola kwe-chlorophyll, ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwama-anthocyanins, futhi ibangele isikhumba sesithelo ukuba sibe nombala, ngaleyo ndlela isheshise inqubo yokuvuthwa. Ukufutha i-hormone ye-Ethephon engu-200mg/L ezinsukwini ezingama-50 ngemuva kokuqhakaza okuphelele kwesithelo se-“Fisher's Smile” kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lokwenziwa kwama-anthocyanins, kwenze isithelo sibe nombala kusenesikhathi, endaweni yokufaka umbala engu-61%. I-hormone ye-Ethephon inomthelela othile ekuthuthukiseni umbala nokuvuthwa kwama-cherry amakhulu, kodwa umphumela wayo uphansi kancane uma uqhathaniswa nokwelashwa kwe-borax + gibberellin. Ukwelapha ama-cherry amnandi aseYurophu nge-hormone ye-Ethephon engu-30mg/L kungenza isithelo sivuthwe ezinsukwini eziyi-1-2 kusenesikhathi. Ukufutha i-hormone ye-Ethephon engu-500-1000mg/L emavikini ama-2 ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwemvelo kwama-persimmon kungakhuthaza inqubo yokuvuthwa, kwenze isithelo sivuthwe kusenesikhathi ngaphandle kokunciphisa ikhwalithi yesithelo. Ngemva kokwelashwa nge-ethylene hormone, akukho mphumela obalulekile ezintweni eziqinile ezincibilikayo, i-vitamin C, kanye nosayizi wezithelo, kodwa kukhona ukuthambekela kokunciphisa okuqukethwe yi-titratable acid.

IV. Ukugcinwa Nokulondolozwa

Ngesikhathi sokuthengiswa kwezithelo ezintsha, ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokuphila kwazo eshalofini, i-Ethephon ivame ukusetshenziswa ukukhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwezithelo. Ngemva kokuba izithelo ziphathwe nge-Ethephon, umbala wazo kanye nokunambitheka kwazo kungcono, kodwa ukuhlushwa kokusetshenziswa kufanele kuqashelwe. Uma ama-mango egcinwa egumbini elibandayo ku-25-28℃ ngemuva kokuphathwa nge-200 noma i-400mg/L Ethephon, izici zokuvuthwa zama-mango zinhle. Kodwa-ke, uma ephathwa nge-600mg/L Ethephon, ingxenye enkulu yenyama yezithelo i-Ethephon iyavuza, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezicubu zenyama yezithelo.