Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlanzekile ezweni lakithi ziye zakhula ngokushesha.Okokuqala, ngenxa yokwethulwa kwezinhlobo eziningi ezintsha nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obuvela phesheya, futhi okwesibili, imizamo yamayunithi asekhaya afanelekile yenze ukuba kukhiqizwe izinto ezingavuthiwe eziyinhloko kanye nezinhlobo zemithamo yezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlanzekile.futhi ibalule izinga eliphezulu nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa.Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokusetshenziswa zezibulala-zinambuzane, mayelana nezibulala-zinambuzane ezingahlanzekile, ama-pyrethroids kuseyiwona ayinhloko asetshenziswayo njengamanje.Ngoba izinambuzane ziye zahlakulela amazinga ahlukene okumelana nama-pyrethroids kwezinye izindawo, futhi kukhona ukumelana nokuwela, okuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwayo.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi inezinzuzo eziningi eziyingqayizivele ezifana nobuthi obuphansi nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kunzima ukushintshwa ngezinye izinhlobo phakathi nesikhathi esithile.Izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-tetramethrin, i-Es-bio-allethrin, i-d-allethrin, i-methothrin, i-pyrethrin, i-permethrin, i-cypermethrin, i-beta-cypermethrin, i-deltamethrin ne-dextramethrin ecebile Allethrin njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-D-trans allethrin ecebile ithuthukiswa ngokuzimela futhi ikhiqizwa ngokuzimela. izwe lami.Ingxenye ye-asidi ye-allethrin evamile ihlukaniswa nama-cis nama-trans isomer futhi ama-isomer angakwesokunxele nakwesokudla ayahlukaniswa ukuze kwandiswe isilinganiso somzimba wayo osebenzayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle koMkhiqizo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umzimba ongavumelekile uguqulwa ube umzimba ovumelekile, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa izindleko.Kubonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwama-pyrethroids ezweni lami kungene emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa okuzimele nokungena emkhakheni we-stereochemistry kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu bomsebenzi we-optical.I-Dichlorvos phakathi kwezibulala-zinambuzane ze-organophosphorus iwuhlobo olunomkhiqizo omkhulu kakhulu futhi lusetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yomphumela walo oqinile, amandla okubulala aqinile kanye nomsebenzi wokushibilika kwemvelo, kodwa i-DDVP ne-chlorpyrifos kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa.Ngo-1999, i-Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, ngokwezincomo ze-WHO, yakha isibulala-zinambuzane esine-spectrum, esisebenza ngokushesha kanye ne-acaricide pirimiphos-methyl, engasetshenziswa ukulawula omiyane, izimpukane, amaphela nezibungu.
Phakathi kwama-carbamates, i-propoxur ne-Zhongbucarb isetshenziswa ngamanani amakhulu.Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwedatha efanele, umkhiqizo wokubola we-sec-butacarb, i-methyl isocyanate, unezinkinga zobuthi.Lo mkhiqizo awuzange ufakwe ohlwini lwemikhiqizo ebulala izinambuzane yasendlini eyanyatheliswa yi-World Health Organization ngo-1997, futhi ngaphandle kwaseShayina, alikho elinye izwe emhlabeni elike lasebenzisa lo mkhiqizo emikhiqizweni yasendlini yesibulala-zinambuzane.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini futhi zihambisane nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, i-Pesticide Control Institute yoMnyango Wezolimo ihlanganiswe nezimo zezwe lami, ngoMashi 23, 2000, eZhongbuwei, imithethonqubo efanele yenguquko kancane kancane. ukuze kumiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa ezindlini zokukhucululwa kwendle.
Kukhona abacwaningi abaningi mayelana nezilawuli zokukhula kwezinambuzane, futhi kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, njenge: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, njll. Kwezinye izindawo, zisetshenziselwa ukulawula izibungu ezindaweni zokuzalanisa omiyane kanye nezindiza, futhi bathole imiphumela emihle.Ziyaziswa kancane kancane futhi zisetshenziswe.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amayunithi afana neFudan University acwaninge futhi ahlanganisa ama-pheromones ezimpukane zasendlini, kanti iNyuvesi yaseWuhan isungule ngokuzimela ama-cockroach parvoviruses.Le mikhiqizo inamathemba okusebenza abanzi.Imikhiqizo yezibulala-zinambuzane ezisakhula isathuthukiswa, njengalezi: I-Bacillus thuringiensis, i-Bacillus sphaericus, i-cockroach virus kanye ne-Metarhizium anisopliae ibhaliswe njengemikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka.Ama-synergists ayinhloko yi-piperonyl butoxide, i-octachlorodipropyl ether, ne-synergist amine.Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yenkinga yethemba lokufaka isicelo se-octachlorodipropyl ether, i-Nanjing Forestry Research Institute yakhipha i-AI-1 synergist ku-turpentine, kanye ne-Shanghai Entomology Research Institute kanye ne-Nanjing Agricultural University bathuthukise i-synergist ye-94o.umenzeli.Kukhona futhi ama-synergistic amines alandelayo, ama-synergists, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-S-855 ama-synergists asuselwa esitshalweni.
Njengamanje, kunezingqikithi ezingu-87 ezisebenzayo ze-pesticides esimweni esisebenzayo sokubhaliswa kwezinambuzane ezihlanzekile ezweni lethu , okuyizinto: 46 (52.87%) ye-pyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) ye-organophosphorus, 5 ye-carbamates 1 (5.75) %), 5 izinto ezingaphili (5.75%), 4 microorganisms (4.60%), 1 organochlorine (1.15%), kanye 18 nezinye izinhlobo (20.68%).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-20-2023