Eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlanzekile zezwe lami zithuthuke ngokushesha. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokwethulwa kwezinhlobo eziningi ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obuvela kwamanye amazwe, kanti okwesibili, imizamo yamayunithi afanele asekhaya ivumele ukuthi iningi lezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko kanye nezinhlobo zomthamo wezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlanzekile zikhiqizwe. futhi sikhulume ngekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nentuthuko yezinhlobo ezintsha zokuthuthukiswa kwemithi. Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezibulala-zinambuzane, maqondana nezibulala-zinambuzane ezihlanzekile, ama-pyrethroids aseyiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje. Ngenxa yokuthi izinambuzane ziye zathuthukisa amazinga ahlukene okumelana nama-pyrethroids kwezinye izindawo, futhi kukhona ukumelana okuphambene, okuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Kodwa-ke, ngoba inezinzuzo eziningi ezihlukile njengobuthi obuphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kunzima ukushintshwa ngezinye izinhlobo phakathi nesikhathi esithile. Izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-tetramethrin, i-Es-bio-allethrin, i-d-allethrin, i-methothrin, i-pyrethrin, i-permethrin, i-cypermethrin, i-beta-cypermethrin, i-deltamethrin kanye ne-dextramethrin ecebile i-Allethrin njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-D-trans allethrin ecebile ithuthukiswe futhi ikhiqizwe ngokuzimela ezweni lakithi. Ingxenye ye-asidi ye-common allethrin ihlukaniswe kuma-cis nama-trans isomers kanti ama-isomers angakwesobunxele nakwesokudla ahlukaniswe ukuze kwandiswe isilinganiso somzimba wawo osebenzayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umzimba ongasebenzi uguqulwa ube umzimba osebenzayo, okunciphisa izindleko kakhulu. Kuphawula ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwama-pyrethroids ezweni lakithi kungene emkhakheni wentuthuko ezimele kanye nokungena emkhakheni we-stereochemistry kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-optical. Ama-Dichlorvos phakathi kwezibulala-zinambuzane ze-organophosphorus yiwona uhlobo olunesivuno esikhulu kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi ngenxa yomphumela walo oqinile wokuwa, ikhono lokubulala elinamandla kanye nomsebenzi wemvelo wokuwohloka, kodwa i-DDVP kanye ne-chlorpyrifos kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa. Ngo-1999, i-Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, ngokwesincomo se-WHO, yasungula isibulala-zinambuzane esibanzi, esisebenza ngokushesha kanye ne-acaricide pirimiphos-methyl, esingasetshenziswa ukulawula omiyane, izimpukane, amaphela kanye nezibungu.
Phakathi kwama-carbamates, i-propoxur ne-Zhongbucarb zisetshenziswa ngobuningi. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwedatha efanele, umkhiqizo wokubola we-sec-butacarb, i-methyl isocyanate, unezinkinga zobuthi. Lo mkhiqizo awuzange ufakwe ohlwini lwemikhiqizo yezinambuzane zokuhlanzeka kwasekhaya eyanyatheliswa yi-World Health Organisation ngo-1997, futhi ngaphandle kweShayina, alikho elinye izwe emhlabeni elisebenzise lo mkhiqizo emikhiqizweni yezinambuzane zokuhlanzeka kwasekhaya. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezinambuzane zokuhlanzeka kwasekhaya futhi kuhambisane nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, i-Pesticide Control Institute yoMnyango Wezolimo ihlanganiswe nezimo zezwe lakithi, ngoMashi 23, 2000, yeZhongbuwei, kwenziwe imithethonqubo efanele yokushintsha kancane kancane ekuyekeni ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane zokuhlanzeka kwasekhaya.
Kunabacwaningi abaningi abalawula ukukhula kwezinambuzane, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi, njenge: i-diflubenzuron, i-diflubenzuron, i-hexaflumuron, njll. Kwezinye izindawo, zisetshenziselwa ukulawula izibungu ezindaweni zokuzalela omiyane nezimpukane, futhi zithole imiphumela emihle. Ziyathandwa futhi zisetshenziswa kancane kancane.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amayunithi afana neFudan University acwaninge futhi akhiqiza ama-pheromone ezimpukane zasendlini, kanti iWuhan University ithuthukise ngokuzimela ama-parvovirus e-cockroach. Le mikhiqizo inamathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa. Imikhiqizo yezibulala-zinambuzane ezincane isathuthukiswa, njenge: iBacillus thuringiensis, iBacillus sphaericus, i-cockroach virus kanye neMetarhizium anisopliae ibhalisiwe njengemikhiqizo yezempilo. Ama-synergists amakhulu yi-piperonyl butoxide, i-octachlorodipropyl ether, kanye ne-synergist amine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yenkinga yokusetshenziswa kwe-octachlorodipropyl ether, iNanjing Forestry Research Institute ikhiphe i-AI-1 synergist ku-turpentine, kanye neShanghai Entomology Research Institute kanye neNanjing Agricultural University bathuthukise i-94o synergist. agent. Kukhona nama-amine alandelayo, ama-synergist, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-synergist atholakala ezitshalweni ze-S-855.
Njengamanje, kunezithako ezisebenzayo ezingu-87 zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ezisesimweni esisebenzayo sokubhaliswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ehlanzekile ezweni lethu, okukhona kuzo: 46 (52.87%) yama-pyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) yama-organophosphorus, 5 ama-carbamate, 1 (5.75%), 5 izinto ezingaphili (5.75%), 4 ama-microorganisms (4.60%), 1 i-organochlorine (1.15%), kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezingu-18 (20.68%).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-20-2023