Imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya yomhlaba wonke ibone ukukhula okukhulu njengoba ukusabalala kwasemadolobheni kushesha futhi abantu beqaphela kakhulu impilo kanye nokuhlanzeka. Ukwanda kwezifo ezithwalwa yizinambuzane ezifana nomkhuhlane we-dengue kanye ne-malaria kwandisa isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya eminyakeni yamuva nje. Isibonelo, i-World Health Organization ibike ukuthi amacala angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200 e-malaria abikwe emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka odlule, okugqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinyathelo zokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izinkinga zezinambuzane zanda, inani lemindeni esebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane likhuphuke kakhulu, njengoba kuthengiswe amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-1.5 emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka odlule kuphela. Lokhu kukhula kuqhutshwa futhi yisigaba esiphakathi esikhulayo, esiqhuba ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yansuku zonke ehlose ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kudlale indima ebalulekile ekwakheni imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya. Ukwethulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingasebenzisi imvelo futhi ezingenabo ubuthi kudonsele abathengi abaqaphela imvelo. Isibonelo, izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ezitshalweni zithole ukuthandwa okukhulu, ngemikhiqizo emisha engaphezu kuka-50 egcwala emakethe futhi ingena ezitolo ezinkulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixazululo ezihlakaniphile zokubulala izinambuzane ezifana nezithiyo zomiyane zangaphakathi ezizenzakalelayo ziya ngokuya zithandwa, kanti ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kudlula amayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-10 ngonyaka odlule. Imboni yezentengiselwano ze-e nayo ithonye kakhulu amandla emakethe, ngokuthengiswa kwe-inthanethi kwezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya kukhule ngo-20%, okwenza kube yindlela ebalulekile yokusabalalisa.
Ngokombono wesifunda, i-Asia Pacific iyaqhubeka nokuba yimakethe enkulu yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya, eqhutshwa inani elikhulu labantu besifunda kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngokuvimbela izifo. Lesi sifunda sithatha ngaphezu kwama-40% esabelo semakethe iyonke, kanti i-India ne-China zingabathengi abakhulu. Okwamanje, i-Latin America ivele njengemakethe ekhula ngokushesha, kanti iBrazil ibona ukukhula okukhulu kwesidingo njengoba iqhubeka nokulwa nezifo ezithwalwa omiyane. Imakethe iphinde yabona ukwanda kwabakhiqizi bendawo, nezinkampani ezintsha ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezingena embonini eminyakeni emibili edlule. Ngokubambisana, lezi zici zikhomba indlela yokukhula eqinile emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya, eqhutshwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha, umehluko wesidingo wesifunda, kanye nokushintsha kwezintandokazi zabathengi.
Amafutha Abalulekile: Ukusebenzisa Amandla Emvelo Ukuguqula Izibulala-zinambuzane Zasekhaya Zibe Yikusasa Eliphephile Neliluhlaza Kakhulu
Imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya ibhekene noshintsho olukhulu oluya ezixazululweni zemvelo nezinobungani nemvelo, kanti amafutha abalulekile aba izithako ezikhethwayo. Lo mkhuba uqhutshwa abathengi abaqaphela ngokwengeziwe imiphumela yezempilo nemvelo yamakhemikhali okwenziwa asetshenziswa ezibulala-zinambuzane ezivamile. Amafutha abalulekile njenge-lemongrass, i-neem, ne-eucalyptus aziwa ngezakhiwo zawo eziphumelelayo zokuxosha, okwenza kube yindlela ekhangayo. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamafutha abalulekile ezibulala-zinambuzane kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-US$1.2 billion ngo-2023, okubonisa ukuthanda kwabantu imikhiqizo yemvelo okukhulayo. Isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumafutha abalulekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni sikhuphuke kakhulu, kanti ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kufinyelela kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-150, okubonisa ushintsho ekuthandweni kwabathengi kuya ezixazululweni eziphephile nezisimeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-US$500 itshalwe ocwaningweni nasekubunjweni kwamafutha abalulekile, okubonisa ukuzibophezela kwemboni ekusunguleni nasekuphepheni.
Ukukhanga kwamafutha abalulekile emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya kuyathuthuka njengoba enikeza izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzayo, kufaka phakathi iphunga elimnandi kanye nezakhiwo ezingezona ezinobuthi, ezifanelana nendlela yokuphila ephelele yabathengi banamuhla. Ngo-2023, imindeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-70 eNyakatho Melika kuphela izoshintshela ezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumafutha abalulekile. Umthengisi omkhulu ubike ukwanda okungu-20% kwendawo yamashelufu yale mikhiqizo, okugqamisa isabelo sayo semakethe esikhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okukhiqizwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumafutha abalulekile esifundeni sase-Asia Pacific akhuphuke ngo-30%, okubangelwa ukwanda kwesidingo sabathengi kanye nokusekelwa okuhle kokulawula. Amapulatifomu aku-inthanethi nawo adlale indima ebalulekile, njengoba izibulala-zinambuzane ezintsha ezisekelwe kumafutha abalulekile ezingaphezu kuka-500,000 ziqalwe ngonyaka odlule. Njengoba imakethe iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, amafutha abalulekile alungele ukubusa ingxenye yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokuhambisana noshintsho lomhlaba wonke oluya ezixazululweni zokuphila okuluhlaza.
Izibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa zingu-56% wemakethe: zihola phambili ekulawulweni kwezinambuzane emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokwethenjwa kwabathengi
Imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya ibhekene nokukhula okungakaze kubonwe kwesidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa, okuqhutshwa ukusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka kwazo. Lesi sidingo siqhutshwa yizici eziningana ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ikhono lazo lokubulala ngokushesha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinambuzane futhi zinikeze isivikelo esihlala isikhathi eside esingavami ukuhlinzekwa ezinye izindlela zemvelo. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa ezifana ne-pyrethroids, i-organophosphates, kanye ne-carbamates sezibe yizinto eziyinhloko zasekhaya, njengoba kuthengiswe amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezintathu emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka odlule kuphela. Le mikhiqizo ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yesenzo sayo esisheshayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane kuvame khona. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezintandokazi zabathengi, imboni yandise amandla ayo okukhiqiza, ngezitshalo zokukhiqiza ezingaphezu kuka-400 emhlabeni jikelele ezigxile ekukhiqizweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa, ukuqinisekisa uchungechunge lokunikezwa oluzinzile kanye nokulethwa kubathengi.
Emhlabeni jikelele, impendulo emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya ezenziwe ngokwenziwa ibe mihle ngokuvamile, amazwe afana ne-US ne-China ahola kokubili ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni, ngamanani okukhiqiza aminyaka yonke angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya ezenziwe ngokwenziwa ibone ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwe-R&D eminyakeni yamuva nje, okungaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa amafomula aphephile futhi anobungani nemvelo. Intuthuko ebalulekile ifaka phakathi ukwethulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezenziwe ngokwenziwa ezibolayo, ezinciphisa umthelela emvelweni ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukusebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintshela kwemboni ezixazululweni zokupakisha ezihlakaniphile, njengezitsha ezingamelani nezingane nezinobungani nemvelo, kubonisa ukuzibophezela ekuphepheni kwabathengi kanye nokusimama. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kukhuthaze ukukhula kwemakethe okuqinile, kanti imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane ezenziwe ngokwenziwa kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize imali engenayo eyengeziwe engamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Njengoba le mikhiqizo iqhubeka nokubusa imakethe, ukuhlanganiswa kwayo emasu okuphatha izinambuzane ahlanganisiwe kugqamisa indima yayo ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya kwesimanje, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala iyisinqumo sokuqala sabathengi emhlabeni jikelele.
Isidingo semithi yokubulala izinambuzane exosha omiyane emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya sikhula ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesidingo esiphuthumayo sokulwa nezifo ezithwalwa omiyane, ezisongela kakhulu impilo yomhlaba wonke. Omiyane badlulisela ezinye zezifo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa umalaleveva, umkhuhlane we-dengue, igciwane le-Zika, umkhuhlane ophuzi kanye ne-chikungunya. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO), umalaleveva wodwa uthinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200 futhi ubangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-400,000 minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. Okwamanje, kunezimo ezingaba yizigidi eziyi-100 zomkhuhlane we-dengue minyaka yonke, kanti amacala anda kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo. Nakuba zingavamile, igciwane le-Zika lihlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa, okubangela imikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi ebanzi. Lokhu kusabalala kwezifo ezithwalwa omiyane kuyisizathu esikhulu sokuba imindeni itshale imali eningi emithini yokubulala izinambuzane: kuthengiswa imithi yokubulala izinambuzane engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezimbili emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke.
Ukukhula kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane exosha omiyane emakethe yomhlaba wonke yemithi yokubulala izinambuzane yasekhaya kukhuthazwa kakhulu ukuqwashisa okwandayo kanye nezinyathelo zempilo yomphakathi ezisebenzayo. Ohulumeni nezinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi batshala imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezintathu zamaRandi ngonyaka ezinhlelweni zokulawula omiyane, okuhlanganisa nokusatshalaliswa kwamanethi ombhede aphathwe ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye nezinhlelo zokufaka inkungu endlini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane emisha nephumelelayo kuholele ekuqalisweni kwemikhiqizo emisha engaphezu kuka-500 eminyakeni emibili edlule ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zabathengi. Imakethe iphinde yabona ukukhula okukhulu ekuthengisweni kwe-inthanethi, ngeplatifomu yezentengiselwano ye-e-commerce ebika ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kukhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-300% ngesikhathi sesizini esiphezulu. Njengoba izindawo zasemadolobheni zanda futhi ushintsho lwesimo sezulu lushintsha izindawo zokuhlala zomiyane, isidingo sezixazululo zokulawula omiyane ezisebenzayo kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke sikhula, kanti imakethe kulindeleke ukuthi iphindwe kabili ngobukhulu eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Lo mkhuba ugcizelela ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane exosha omiyane njengengxenye ebalulekile yamasu ezempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele.
Isidingo Esiphezulu: Isabelo semali engenayo yemakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya e-Asia Pacific sifinyelela ku-47%, sithatha isikhundla esiphambili ngokuqinile.
Njengezwe eliyinhloko labathengi emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya, isifunda sase-Asia Pacific sidlala indima ebalulekile ngenxa yendawo yaso ehlukile yemvelo kanye nezenhlalo-zomnotho. Amadolobha anabantu abaningi esifundeni njengeMumbai, iTokyo kanye neJakarta ngokwemvelo adinga amasu okulawula izinambuzane asebenzayo ukuze alondoloze izimo zokuphila ezithinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili abahlala emadolobheni. Amazwe afana neThailand, iPhilippines kanye neVietnam anezimo zezulu ezishisayo ezinokusabalala okuphezulu kwezifo ezithwalwa yizinambuzane ezifana nomkhuhlane we-dengue kanye nomalaleveva, kanti izibulala-zinambuzane zisetshenziswa emakhaya angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-500 minyaka yonke. I-World Health Organization ibeke lesi sifunda “njengendawo eshisayo” yalezi zifo, njengoba amacala angaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu abikwe minyaka yonke kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sezixazululo zokulawula izinambuzane eziphumelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigaba esiphakathi, okulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele kubantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.7 ngo-2025, sitshala imali kakhulu ezibulala-zinambuzane zesimanje nezihlukahlukene, okubonisa ushintsho kwisabelomali semindeni ekubekeni phambili impilo kanye nokuhlanzeka.
Izinto eziza kuqala emasikweni kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya. EJapane, umgomo we-mottainai, noma ukunciphisa imfucuza, uye waqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezihlala isikhathi eside, izinkampani ezifaka izicelo zamalungelo obunikazi angaphezu kuka-300 ngonyaka odlule kuphela. Ukuthambekela kokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobungani nemvelo, ezisekelwe ku-bio kuyaphawuleka, njengoba amazinga okwamukelwa enyuka kakhulu e-Indonesia naseMalaysia njengoba abathengi beqaphela kakhulu imvelo. Imakethe yase-Asia Pacific kulinganiselwa ukuthi ibiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ngo-2023, kanti iShayina neNdiya zibala isabelo esikhulu ngenxa yabantu abaningi kanye nokukhula kokuqwashisa ngezempilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusabalala kwedolobha okusheshayo kuyaqhubeka nokuchuma, kanti isifunda kulindeleke ukuthi sengeze abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1 abahlala emadolobheni ngo-2050, okuqhubeka nokuqinisa isikhundla saso njengemakethe ebalulekile yezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya. Njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuphazamisa izindlela zendabuko zokuphathwa kwezinambuzane, ukuzibophezela kwesifunda sase-Asia-Pacific ekusunguleni nasekuzivumelaniseni kuzoqhuba isidingo somhlaba wonke sezixazululo zezibulala-zinambuzane eziqhubekayo nezisebenzayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-02-2024