Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezibulala-zinambuzane ibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo njengoba ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni kudlondlobala futhi abantu beqaphela kakhulu impilo nenhlanzeko. Ukwanda kwezifo ezithwalwa yizilwane ezinjengomkhuhlane wodenga nomalaleveva kukhulise isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngokwesibonelo, i-World Health Organization yabika ukuthi emhlabeni wonke kwabikwa iziguli ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200 zikamalaleveva, zaqokomisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izinkinga zezinambuzane zanda, inani lemizi esebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane liye landa kakhulu, njengoba ngonyaka odlule kuphela kudayiswe amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5 emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kukhula kuphinde kugqugquzelwe ukukhula kwesigaba esiphakathi, okuyisona esishayela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yansuku zonke okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo.
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nezinto ezintsha zidlale indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane yasendlini. Ukwethulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezilungele imvelo nezingenabuthi obuncane kuye kwaheha abathengi abaqaphela imvelo. Isibonelo, izinto ezixosha izinambuzane ezitshalweni sezizuze ukuthandwa okukhulu, ngemikhiqizo emisha engaphezu kuka-50 egcwele imakethe futhi ingena ezitolo ezinkulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixazululo ezihlakaniphile zokubulala izinambuzane njengezicupho zomiyane ezizenzakalelayo zasendlini ziya ngokuya ziduma, njengoba ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kudlula amayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-10 ngonyaka odlule. Imboni ye-e-commerce nayo ibe nomthelela omkhulu ezimakethe, ngokuthengiswa kwe-inthanethi kwezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini ezikhula ngo-20%, okuyenza ibe yisiteshi esibalulekile sokusabalalisa.
Ngokombono wesifunda, i-Asia Pacific isaqhubeka nokuba yimakethe enkulu yezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini, eqhutshwa inani elikhulu labantu bakulesi sifunda kanye nokuqwashisa okukhulayo ngokuvikela izifo. Isifunda sithatha ngaphezu kwama-40% esamba semakethe, kanti i-India ne-China kungabathengi abakhulu. Khonamanjalo, iLatin America ivele njengemakethe ekhula ngokushesha, kanti iBrazil ibona ukukhula okukhulu kwesidingo njengoba iqhubeka nokulwa nezifo ezithwalwa omiyane. Imakethe iphinde yabona ukwanda kwabakhiqizi basekhaya, njengoba kunezinkampani ezintsha ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezingena kulo mkhakha eminyakeni emibili edlule. Ngokubambisana, lezi zici zikhomba indlela yokukhula eqinile yemakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane yasendlini, eqhutshwa ukuqanjwa okusha, umehluko wesifunda ngesidingo, kanye nokushintsha okuthandwa ngabathengi.
Amafutha Abalulekile: Ukusebenzisa Amandla Emvelo Ukuguqula Izibulala-zinambuzane Zasekhaya zibe Ikusasa Eliphephile, Eliluhlaza
Imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane yasendlini ibhekana noshintsho olukhulu oluya ezixazululweni zemvelo nezilungele imvelo, uwoyela obalulekile eba yizithako ezithandwayo. Lo mkhuba uqhutshwa ukuthi abathengi baya ngokuya beqaphela imithelela yezempilo nemvelo yamakhemikhali okwenziwa asetshenziswa ezibulala-zinambuzane ezivamile. Amafutha abalulekile afana ne-lemongrass, neem, ne-eucalyptus aziwa ngezici zawo eziphumelelayo zokuxosha, okuwenza abe enye indlela ekhangayo. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke kawoyela obalulekile wezibulala-zinambuzane kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-US$1.2 billion ngo-2023, okubonisa ukuthanda kwabantu okukhulayo kwemikhiqizo yemvelo. Isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumafutha abalulekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni sikhule kakhulu, njengoba ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke sekufinyelele ezigidini ezingu-150 zamayunithi, okubonisa ukushintsha kokuthandwa ngabathengi kuya ezixazululweni eziphephile nezizinzile. Ukwengeza, kutshalwe imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-US$500 ocwaningweni nasekuhlanganiseni uwoyela obalulekile, okukhombisa ukuzibophezela kwemboni ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha nokuphepha.
Ukukhanga kwamafutha abalulekile emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini kuyathuthukiswa futhi njengoba enikeza izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa iphunga elimnandi nezakhiwo ezingenabo ubuthi, ezihambisana nempilo ephelele yabathengi banamuhla. Ngo-2023, imindeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-70 eNyakatho Melika iyodwa izoshintshela kwizibulala-zinambuzane ezibalulekile ezisekelwe kuwoyela. Umthengisi omkhulu ubike ukwanda okungama-20% kwesikhala seshalofu sale mikhiqizo, okugqamisa isabelo sayo semakethe esikhulayo. Ukwengeza, amandla okukhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane asekelwe ku-oyela abalulekile esifundeni sase-Asia Pacific anyuke ngo-30%, eqhutshwa ukwanda kwesidingo sabathengi kanye nokusekelwa okuhle kokulawula. Izinkundla eziku-inthanethi nazo zadlala indima ebalulekile, ngezibulala-zinambuzane ezintsha ezisekelwe kuwoyela ezingaphezu kuka-500,000 ezethulwe ngonyaka odlule. Njengoba imakethe iqhubeka nokuvela, uwoyela obalulekile usulungele ukubusa ingxenye yesibulala-zinambuzane sasendlini ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokuhambisana nokuguquguquka komhlaba okubheke ezisombululweni zokuphila eziluhlaza.
Izibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa zibalelwa ku-56% wemakethe: okuhola phambili ekulawuleni izinambuzane emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokwethenjwa kwabathengi.
Imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane yasendlini ibhekene nokukhula okungakaze kubonwe kwesidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa, eziqhutshwa ukusebenza kwazo okuphezulu nokusebenza kwezinto ezihlukahlukene. Lesi sidingo siqhutshwa yizici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ikhono lazo lokubulala ngokushesha izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane futhi zinikeze isivikelo esihlala isikhathi eside ezinye izindlela zemvelo ngokuvamile ezingenakukwazi. Ngokuphawulekayo, izibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa ezifana nama-pyrethroids, ama-organophosphates, nama-carbamates seziphenduke izinto eziyisisekelo zasendlini, njengoba kuthengiswe amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka odlule kuphela. Le mikhiqizo idume kakhulu ngenxa yesenzo sayo esisheshayo nokusebenza kahle ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane kuvame kakhulu. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokuthandwa ngabathengi, imboni iye yandisa amandla ayo okukhiqiza, ngezitshalo zokukhiqiza ezingaphezu kuka-400 emhlabeni wonke ezisebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni izibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa, eziqinisekisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa oluzinzile nokulethwa kubathengi.
Emhlabeni jikelele, impendulo emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane yasendlini yokwenziwa ngokuvamile ibe yinhle, njengoba amazwe anjenge-US ne-China ehamba phambili ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni, ngamavolumu akhiqizwa minyaka yonke angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50. Ukwengeza, imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini zokwenziwa ibone ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kwe-R&D eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphezulu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukwakheka okuphephile nokunobungani kwemvelo. Intuthuko esemqoka ihlanganisa ukwethulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa ezingaboli, ezinciphisa umthelela wendawo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kahle. Ukwengeza, ukushintshela kwemboni kuzixazululo zokupakisha ezihlakaniphile, njengeziqukathi ezingazweli izingane nezilungele imvelo, kubonisa ukuzibophezela ekuphepheni nasekusimameni kwabathengi. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zenze ukukhula kwemakethe okuqinile, kanti imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize enye imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 zamaRandi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Njengoba le mikhiqizo iqhubeka nokubusa imakethe, ukuhlanganiswa kwayo namaqhinga ahlanganisiwe okulawula izinambuzane kugqamisa indima yayo ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kwesimanje kwasekhaya, iqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala iyinketho yokuqala kubathengi emhlabeni wonke.
Isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane ezibulala omiyane emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini siyakhula ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesidingo esiphuthumayo sokulwa nezifo ezithwalwa omiyane, ezibeka engcupheni enkulu impilo yomhlaba. Omiyane basakaza ezinye zezifo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni ezihlanganisa umalaleveva, udenga, iZika virus, i-yellow fever kanye ne-chikungunya. Ngokwe-World Health Organization (WHO), umalaleveva uwodwa uhlasela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200 futhi ubangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-400 000 unyaka ngamunye, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuneziguli ezingaba yizigidi eziyikhulu zomkhuhlane wodenga unyaka ngamunye, kanti amacala akhuphuka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo. Nakuba kungajwayelekile kangako, igciwane leZika lihlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka okungathi sína kokuzalwa, okubangela imikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi esabalele. Lokhu kudlondlobala okushaqisayo kwezifo ezithwalwa omiyane kuyisikhuthazo esikhulu semikhaya ukuba itshale imali eningi ebulalayo izinambuzane: izidakamizwa ezixosha omiyane ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili emhlabeni wonke zithengiswa emhlabeni wonke.
Ukukhula kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezibulala omiyane emakethe yomhlaba wonke yezibulala-zinambuzane kugqugquzelwa futhi ukwanda kokuqwashisa kanye nezinyathelo zezempilo zomphakathi ezisebenzayo. Ohulumeni nezinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi batshala imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-3 zamaRandi ngonyaka ezinhlelweni zokulawula omiyane, okuhlanganisa nokusatshalaliswa kwamanethi afakwe izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezinhlelo zenkungu endlini. Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezintsha, ezisebenza kangcono kakhulu kuye kwaholela ekwethulweni kwemikhiqizo emisha engaphezu kuka-500 eminyakeni emibili edlule ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zabathengi. Imakethe iphinde yabona ukukhula okubalulekile ekuthengisweni kwe-inthanethi, ngenkundla ye-e-commerce ebika ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezidakamizwa ezixosha omiyane kukhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-300% ngesizini ephezulu. Njengoba izindawo zasemadolobheni zanda nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kushintsha izindawo ezihlala omiyane, isidingo sezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokulawula omiyane kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke sikhula, kanti imakethe kulindeleke ukuthi iphindeke kabili ngobukhulu eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Lo mkhuba ugcizelela ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezibulala omiyane njengengxenye ebalulekile yamasu omhlaba wonke ezempilo yomphakathi.
Isidingo esikhulu: Isabelo semali emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini e-Asia Pacific sifinyelela ku-47%, sibambe isikhundla esiphambili ngokuqinile.
Njengezwe elikhulu labathengi emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini, isifunda sase-Asia Pacific sidlala indima ebalulekile ngenxa yesimo saso esiyingqayizivele sezemvelo nezenhlalo-mnotho. Amadolobha akulesi sifunda anabantu abaningi njenge-Mumbai, Tokyo kanye ne-Jakarta ngokwemvelo adinga amasu asebenzayo okulawula izinambuzane ukuze kugcinwe izimo zokuphila ezithinta izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Amazwe anjengeThailand, iPhilippines neVietnam anezimo zezulu ezishisayo ezinokwanda okuphezulu kwezifo ezithwalwa yizilwane ezifana ne-dengue fever nomalaleveva, futhi izibulala-zinambuzane zisetshenziswa emakhaya angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-500 unyaka ngamunye. I-World Health Organization ihlukanise lesi sifunda “njengendawo eshisayo” yalezi zifo, njengoba kubikwa amacala angaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu minyaka yonke kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sezixazululo eziphumelelayo zokulawula izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigaba esiphakathi, okulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.7 ngo-2025, siya ngokuya sitshala izimali ezibulala izinambuzane zesimanje nezinhlobonhlobo, okubonisa ukushintsha kwesabelomali somndeni ekubekeni kuqala impilo nokuhlanzeka.
Okubalulekile kwamasiko kanye nokuqanjwa okusha nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini. E-Japan, umgomo we-mottainai, noma ukuncishiswa kwemfucuza, uqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezihlala isikhathi eside, nezinkampani ezifake izicelo zamalungelo obunikazi ahlobene angaphezu kuka-300 ngonyaka odlule kuphela. Ukuthambekela kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumvelo ezinobungani kuyaphawuleka, njengoba izinga lokutholwa likhuphuka kakhulu e-Indonesia naseMalaysia njengoba abathengi beqaphela kakhulu imvelo. Imakethe yase-Asia Pacific ilinganiselwa ukuthi izobiza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisi-7 ngo-2023, kanti i-China ne-India baba nesabelo esikhulu ngenxa yobuningi babantu kanye nokuqwashisa ngezempilo okukhulayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni ngokushesha kuyaqhubeka nokudlondlobala, kanti isifunda kulindeleke ukuthi sengeze izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni eziyi-1 bhiliyoni ngo-2050, okuphinde kuqinise isikhundla saso njengemakethe eyinhloko yezibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini. Njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kubekela inselele izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane ezivamile, ukuzibophezela kwesifunda sase-Asia-Pacific ekusunguleni nasekuzivumelaniseni nezimo kuzoqhuba isidingo somhlaba wonke sezixazululo ezisimeme nezisebenzayo zezibulala-zinambuzane.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-02-2024