Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokukhula ngokushesha kwenani labantu kube yizinselelo ezibalulekile ekuvikelekeni kokudla emhlabeni wonke.Isixazululo esisodwa esithembisayo ukusetshenziswa kweizilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo(PGRs) ukuze kwandiswe isivuno futhi banqobe izimo zokukhula ezingezinhle njengezimo zezulu zasogwadule.Muva nje, i-carotenoid zaxinone kanye nezifaniso zayo ezimbili (i-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5) zibonise umsebenzi othembisayo okhuthaza ukukhula ezitshalweni zokusanhlamvu nemifino ngaphansi kwezimo ezibamba ukushisa nezinsimu.Lapha, siphinde saphenya imiphumela yokugxila okuhlukile kwe-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 (5 μM kanye no-10 μM ngo-2021; 2.5 μM kanye no-5 μM ngo-2022) ekukhuleni nasekuvuneni izitshalo ezimbili zenani eliphezulu zemifino e-Cambodia: amazambane kanye ne-Saudi Arabian. ijikijolo.Arabia.Ezivivinyweni zensimu ezizimele ezinhlanu kusukela ngo-2021 kuya ku-2022, ukusetshenziswa kwakho kokubili kwe-MiZax kuzithuthukise kakhulu izici ze-agronomic yezitshalo, izingxenye zesivuno kanye nesivuno sonke.Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-MiZax isetshenziswa ngemithamo ephansi kakhulu kune-humic acid (isakhi esisetshenziswa kakhulu sokuhweba esisetshenziswa lapha ukuze siqhathanise).Ngakho-ke, imiphumela yethu ibonisa ukuthi i-MiZax iyisilawuli esithembisayo sokukhula kwezitshalo esingasetshenziswa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kanye nesivuno sezitshalo zemifino ngisho nasezimweni zasogwadule nasezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu.
NgokweNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (i-FAO), izinhlelo zethu zokukhiqiza ukudla kufanele zicishe ziphindwe kathathu ngo-2050 ukuze kondle inani labantu elikhulayo emhlabeni wonke (i-FAO: Umhlaba uzodinga ukudla okwengeziwe ngo-70% ngo-20501).Eqinisweni, ukukhula okusheshayo kwenani labantu, ukungcola, ukunyakaza kwezinambuzane ikakhulukazi amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nesomiso esibangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu yizinselele ezibhekene nokuvikeleka kokudla emhlabeni jikelele2.Mayelana nalokhu, ukukhulisa isivuno esiphelele sezitshalo zezolimo ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle kungenye yezixazululo ezingenakuphikiswa zale nkinga ecindezelayo.Kodwa-ke, ukukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo kuncike kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwemisoco emhlabathini futhi kuvinjelwa kakhulu yizici zemvelo ezingezinhle, ezihlanganisa isomiso, usawoti noma ukucindezeleka kwe-biotic3,4,5.Lokhu kucindezeleka kungaba nomthelela omubi empilweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekunciphiseni kwesivuno sezitshalo6.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile alinganiselwe inomthelela omubi kakhulu ekuniselelweni kwezitshalo, kuyilapho ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele kunciphisa ngokungenakugwenywa indawo yomhlaba olimekayo kanye nezenzakalo ezinjengamagagasi okushisa anciphisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo7,8.Amazinga okushisa aphezulu avamile ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, kuhlanganise neSaudi Arabia.Ukusetshenziswa kwama-biostimulants noma izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo (PGRs) kunenzuzo ekunciphiseni umjikelezo wokukhula kanye nokwandisa isivuno.Kungathuthukisa ukuqina kwezitshalo futhi kwenze izitshalo zikwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezingezinhle zokukhula9.Mayelana nalokhu, ama-biostimulants kanye nezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zingasetshenziswa ekugxiliseni okuhle kakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokukhiqiza10,11.
Ama-carotenoid angama-tetraterpenoid aphinde asebenze njengezandulela ze-phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) kanye ne-strigolactone (SL)12,13,14, kanye nezilawuli zokukhula ezisanda kutholwa i-zaxinone, i-anorene ne-cyclocitral15,16,17,18,19.Kodwa-ke, ama-metabolites amaningi angempela, okuhlanganisa okuphuma ku-carotenoid, anemithombo yemvelo elinganiselwe kanye/noma ayizinzile, okwenza ukusebenza kwawo okuqondile kulo mkhakha kube nzima.Ngakho, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ama-analogue/ama-mimetics amaningi e-ABA kanye ne-SL athuthukisiwe futhi ahlolelwa izicelo zezolimo20,21,22,23,24,25.Ngokufanayo, sisanda kuthuthukisa i-mimetics ye-zaxinone (MiZax), i-metabolite ekhuthaza ukukhula engase ibe nemiphumela yayo ngokuthuthukisa i-sugar metabolism nokulawula i-SL homeostasis ezimpandeni zelayisi19,26.I-mimetics ye-zaxinone 3 (MiZax3) kanye ne-MiZax5 (izakhiwo zamakhemikhali eziboniswe kuMfanekiso 1A) zibonise umsebenzi webhayoloji ofana ne-zaxinone ezitshalweni zerayisi zohlobo lwasendle ezitshalwe nge-hydroponically nasenhlabathini26.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kukatamatisi, isundu, upelepele oluhlaza kanye nethanga nge-zaxinone, i-MiZax3 ne-MiZx5 kuthuthukise ukukhula nokukhiqiza kwezitshalo, okungukuthi, isivuno sikapelepele kanye nekhwalithi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezibamba ukushisa nezivulekile, okubonisa indima yabo njengama-biostimulants kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-PGR27..Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-MiZax3 kanye ne-MiZax5 iphinde yathuthukisa ukubekezelelwa kukasawoti ka-pepper oluhlaza otshalwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezinosawoti ophakeme, futhi i-MiZax3 yandisa okuqukethwe kwe-zinc kwezithelo lapho imbozwe ngohlaka lwensimbi oluqukethe i-zinc7,28.
(A) Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5.(B) Umthelela wokufafaza ngamahlamvu we-MZ3 kanye ne-MZ5 ekugxiliseni okungu-5 µM no-10 µM ezitshalweni zamazambane ngaphansi kwezimo zensimu evulekile.Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenzeka ngo-2021. Idatha yethulwa njengesho ukuthi ± SD.n≥15.Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwendlela eyodwa yokuhluka (ANOVA) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Tukey's post hoc.Izinkanyezi zibonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulingiswa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekile).I-HA - i-humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;I-HA - i-humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Kulo msebenzi, sihlole i-MiZax (i-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5) ekugxiliseni kwamaqabunga amathathu (5 µM no-10 µM ngo-2021 kanye no-2.5 µM no-5 µM ngo-2022) futhi saqhathanisa nezambane (Solanum tuberosum L).Isilawuli sokukhula kwezentengiselwano i-humic acid (HA) yaqhathaniswa nama-strawberries (i-Fragaria ananassa) ovivinyweni lwe-strawberry greenhouse ngo-2021 nango-2022 nasezivivinyweni ezine zenkambu eMbusweni waseSaudi Arabia, indawo evamile ewugwadule.Nakuba i-HA iyi-biostimulant esetshenziswa kakhulu enemiphumela eminingi enenzuzo, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kokutholakala kwezakhi emhlabathini kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokulawula i-homeostasis yamahomoni, imiphumela yethu ibonisa ukuthi i-MiZax iphakeme kune-HA.
Izigaxa zamazambane zohlobo lweDayimane zathengwa kwaJabbar Nasser Al Bishi Trading Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Izithombo zezinhlobo ezimbili zamasitrobheli “Sweet Charlie” kanye “neFestival” kanye ne-humic acid zathengwa kwaModern Agritech Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Zonke izinto zezitshalo ezisetshenziswe kulo msebenzi zithobela Isitatimende Senqubomgomo ye-IUCN Yocwaningo Olubandakanya Izilwane Ezisengozini kanye Nesivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngezinhlobo Ezisengozini Yokushabalala Zezilwane Nezitshalo Zasendle.
Indawo yokuhlola itholakala e-Hada Al-Sham, Saudi Arabia (21°48′3″N, 39°43′25″E).Umhlabathi uloam oyisihlabathi, pH 7.8, EC 1.79 dcm-130.Izakhiwo zenhlabathi zikhonjiswe kuThebula Lesengezo S1.
Izithombo ezintathu zama-strawberry (i-Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival) esigabeni samaqabunga eqiniso zihlukaniswe zaba amaqembu amathathu ukuze kuhlolwe umphumela wokufafaza kwamaqabunga ngo-10 μM MiZax3 kanye ne-MiZax5 ezicini zokukhula kanye nesikhathi sokuqhakaza ngaphansi kwezimo ezibamba ukushisa.Ukufafaza amaqabunga ngamanzi (aqukethe i-acetone engu-0.1%) kwasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa okuyimodeli.Izifutho ze-MiZax foliar zasetshenziswa izikhathi ezingu-7 ngezikhathi zeviki elilodwa.Ukuhlolwa okubili okuzimele kwenziwe ngoSepthemba 15 no-28, 2021, ngokulandelana.Umthamo wokuqala wenhlanganisela ngayinye ngu-50 ml bese ukhuphuka kancane kancane ube ngu-250 ml.Emasontweni amabili alandelanayo, inani lezitshalo eziqhakazayo lalirekhodwa nsuku zonke futhi izinga lokuqhakaza libalwa ekuqaleni kwesonto lesine.Ukunquma izici zokukhula, inombolo yamaqabunga, isitshalo esisha nesisindo somile, indawo yamaqabunga ephelele, kanye nenani lama-stolon ngesitshalo ngasinye kukalwa ekupheleni kwesigaba sokukhula nasekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuzala.Indawo yeqabunga ikalwa kusetshenziswa imitha yendawo yeqabunga futhi amasampula amasha omiswa kuhhavini ngo-100°C amahora angu-48.
Kwenziwa izilingo ezimbili zasensimini: ukulima kusenesikhathi nakwephuzile.Izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane zohlobo lwe "Diamant" zitshalwa ngoNovemba noFebhuwari, ngezikhathi zokuvuthwa zakuqala nezakamuva, ngokulandelana.Ama-Biostimulants (MiZax-3 kanye -5) asetshenziswa ekugxiliseni okungu-5.0 no-10.0 µM (2021) no-2.5 no-5.0 µM (2022).Fafaza i-humic acid (HA) 1 g/l izikhathi eziyisi-8 ngeviki.Amanzi noma i-acetone yayisetshenziswa njengokulawula okungalungile.Idizayini yokuhlola inkambu ikhonjiswe kokuthi (Umfanekiso Owengeziwe S1).Idizayini yebhulokhi engahleliwe engahleliwe (RCBD) enendawo yesakhiwo engu-2.5 m × 3.0 m yasetshenziswa ukwenza izivivinyo zenkambu.Ukwelashwa ngakunye kwaphindwa kathathu njengokuphindaphinda okuzimele.Ibanga phakathi kwesakhiwo ngasinye lingu-1.0 m, futhi ibanga phakathi kwebhulokhi ngalinye li-2.0 m.Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ngu-0.6 m, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa liyi-1 m.Izitshalo zamazambane zaziniselwa nsuku zonke nge-drip ngesilinganiso esingu-3.4 l ngethonsi ngalinye.Uhlelo lusebenza kabili ngosuku imizuzu eyi-10 isikhathi ngasinye ukunikeza izitshalo amanzi.Zonke izindlela ezinconyiwe ze-agrotechnical zokutshala amazambane ngaphansi kwezimo zesomiso zasetshenziswa31.Ezinyangeni ezine emva kokutshala, ubude besitshalo (cm), inani lamagatsha ngesitshalo ngasinye, ukwakheka kwamazambane kanye nesivuno, kanye nekhwalithi ye-tuber kukalwa kusetshenziswa amasu ajwayelekile.
Izithombo zezinhlobo ezimbili zama-strawberry (Sweet Charlie kanye noMkhosi) zahlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo zasensimini.Ama-Biostimulants (MiZax-3 kanye -5) asetshenziswe njengezifutho zamaqabunga ekugxilweni kuka-5.0 no-10.0 µM (2021) no-2.5 kanye no-5.0 µM (2022) izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili ngeviki.Sebenzisa i-1 g ye-HA ilitha ngayinye njengesifutho se-foliar ngokuhambisana ne-MiZax-3 kanye ne--5, ngengxube yokulawula i-H2O noma i-acetone njengesilawuli esingalungile.Izithombo zama-strawberry zatshalwa endaweni engu-2.5 x 3 m ekuqaleni kukaNovemba ngokuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo okungu-0.6 m kanye nezikhala zemigqa zibe yi-1 m.Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa e-RCBD futhi kwaphindwa kathathu.Izitshalo zaziniselwa imizuzu eyi-10 usuku ngalunye ngo-7:00 kanye no-17:00 kusetshenziswa isistimu yokunisela nge-drip equkethe ama-drippers ahlukaniswe ngamamitha angu-0.6 futhi anamandla angu-3.4 L. izingxenye ze-Agrotechnical kanye nemingcele yesivuno ikalwa ngesikhathi sokukhula.Izinga lezithelo ezihlanganisa i-TSS (%), i-vitamin C32, i-acidity kanye nengqikithi ye-phenolic compounds33 yahlolwa eLabhorethri ye-Postharvest Physiology and Technology yase-King Abdulaziz University.
Idatha ichazwa njengezindlela futhi ukuhluka kuvezwa njengokuchezuka okujwayelekile.Ukubaluleka kwezibalo kwanqunywa kusetshenziswa i-ANOVA yendlela eyodwa (i-ANOVA yendlela eyodwa) noma i-ANOVA yezindlela ezimbili kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa okuningi kwe-Tukey kusetshenziswa izinga lamathuba okuthi p <0.05 noma ukuhlolwa kwe-t yomfundi enemisila emibili ukuze kutholwe umehluko omkhulu (*p <0.05 , * *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).Konke ukuhumusha kwezibalo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa inguqulo ye-GraphPad Prism 8.3.0.Izinhlangano zihlolwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwengxenye eyinhloko (PCA), indlela yezibalo eziningi, kusetshenziswa iphakheji ye-R 34.
Embikweni odlule, sibonise umsebenzi okhuthaza ukukhula we-MiZax ekugxiliseni okungu-5 no-10 μM ezitshalweni ze-horticultural futhi sathuthukisa inkomba ye-chlorophyll ku-Soil Plant Assay (SPAD)27.Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, sisebenzise ukugxila okufanayo ukuhlola imiphumela ye-MiZax kumazambane, isitshalo sokudla esibalulekile emhlabeni wonke, esivivinyweni sasensimini ezindaweni eziwugwadule ngo-2021. Ikakhulukazi, besinentshisekelo yokuhlola ukuthi iMiZax ingakhuphula yini ukunqwabelana kwesitashi. , umphumela wokugcina we-photosynthesis.Sekukonke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-MiZax kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo zamazambane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-humic acid (HA), okuholele ekwandeni kobude bezitshalo, i-biomass kanye nenani lamagatsha (Fig. 1B).Ngaphezu kwalokho, siqaphele ukuthi i-5 μM MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 ibe nomthelela onamandla ekwandiseni ubude besitshalo, inani lamagatsha, ne-biomass yezitshalo uma kuqhathaniswa no-10 μM (Umfanekiso 1B).Kanye nokukhula okuthuthukisiwe, i-MiZax iphinde yandisa isivuno, ikalwa ngenani nesisindo sezilimo eziyizigaxa ezivunwa.Umphumela ozuzisayo usuwonke awuvezwanga kangako ngenkathi i-MiZax isetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kwe-10 μM, okuphakamisa ukuthi lezi zinhlanganisela kufanele zinikezwe ekugxiliseni okungaphansi kwalokhu (Umfanekiso 1B).Ngaphezu kwalokho, asibonanga mehluko kuwo wonke amapharamitha arekhodiwe phakathi kwe-acetone (ukuhlekisa) kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi (ukulawula), okuphakamisa ukuthi imiphumela yokuguquguquka kokukhula ephawuliwe ayizange ibangelwe yi-solvent, ehambisana nombiko wethu wangaphambilini27.
Njengoba inkathi yokutshala amazambane e-Saudi Arabia iqukethe ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nangemuva kwesikhathi, senze ucwaningo lwesibili lwendawo ngo-2022 sisebenzisa ukugxila okuphansi (2.5 kanye no-5 µM) kumasizini amabili ukuze sihlole umthelela wesizini wamasimu avulekile (Supplementary Figure S2A) .Njengoba kulindelekile, kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwe-5 μM MiZax kwakhiqiza imiphumela yokuthuthukisa ukukhula efana nesilingo sokuqala: ukuphakama kwesitshalo okukhulayo, ukukhuphuka kwamagatsha, i-biomass ephakeme, kanye nenombolo ye-tuber eyengeziwe (Fig. 2; I-Supplementary Fig. S3).Okubalulekile, sibone imiphumela ebalulekile yalawa ma-PGR ekuhlanganiseni kwe-2.5 μM, kuyilapho ukwelashwa kwe-GA kungazange kubonise imiphumela ebikezelwe.Lo mphumela uphakamisa ukuthi i-MiZax ingasetshenziswa ngisho nasezimweni eziphansi kunalokho obekulindelwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwe-MiZax luphinde lwandisa ubude nobubanzi bezilimo eziyizigaxa (Supplementary Figure S2B).Siphinde sathola ukwanda okukhulu kwesisindo se-tuber, kodwa ukugxila kwe-2.5 µM kwasetshenziswa kuphela kuzo zombili izinkathi zokutshala;
Ukuhlolwa kwe-phenotypic yezitshalo komthelela we-MiZax ezitshalweni zamazambane ezisheshe zivuthwe ensimini ye-KAU, okwenziwa ngo-2022. Idatha imele okusho ± ukuchezuka okujwayelekile.n≥15.Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwendlela eyodwa yokuhluka (ANOVA) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Tukey's post hoc.Izinkanyezi zibonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulingiswa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekile).I-HA - i-humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;I-HA - i-humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Ukuze uqonde kangcono imiphumela yokwelashwa (T) kanye nonyaka (Y), i-ANOVA yezindlela ezimbili yasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenzisana kwayo (T x Y).Nakuba wonke ama-biostimulants (T) andise ngokuphawulekayo ubude besitshalo samazambane kanye ne-biomass, i-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 kuphela eyandise inani le-tuber nesisindo, okubonisa ukuthi izimpendulo eziqondiswe kabili zezigaxa zamazambane ku-MiZax emibili zazifana ngokuyisisekelo (Fig. 3)).Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni kwesizini isimo sezulu (https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/saudi-arabia/jeddah/climate) siyashisa (isilinganiso esingu-28 °C kanye nomswakama ongu-52% (2022), okwehlisa kakhulu jikelele tuber biomass (Fig. 2; Supplementary Fig. S3).
Funda ngemiphumela yokwelashwa okungu-5 µm (T), unyaka (Y) nokusebenzisana kwakho (T x Y) kumazambane.Idatha imele ukuchezuka okujwayelekile okungu-±.n ≥ 30. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwezindlela ezimbili zokuhluka (ANOVA).Izinkanyezi zibonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulingiswa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekile).I-HA - i-humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-Myzax kwakusavame ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo ezikhula sekwephuzile.Sekukonke, ukuhlola kwethu okuthathu okuzimele kubonise ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-MiZax kunomthelela omkhulu esakhiweni sezitshalo ngokwandisa inani lamagatsha.Eqinisweni, kube nomthelela obalulekile wokusebenzisana wezindlela ezimbili phakathi kuka-(T) no (Y) enanini lamagatsha ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-MiZax (Fig. 3).Lo mphumela uhambisana nomsebenzi wabo njengezilawuli ezingezinhle ze-strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis26.Ngaphezu kwalokho, sike sabonisa ngaphambilini ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-Zaxinone kubangela ukunqwabelana kwesitashi ezimpandeni zelayisi35, okungase kuchaze ukwanda kobukhulu nesisindo sezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-MiZax, njengoba izilimo eziyizigaxa ikakhulukazi zakhiwe isitashi.
Izitshalo zezithelo ziyizitshalo ezibalulekile zomnotho.Ama-strawberries azwela izimo ze-abiotic zokucindezeleka njengesomiso kanye nokushisa okuphezulu.Ngakho-ke, siphenye umphumela we-MiZax kuma-strawberries ngokufafaza amaqabunga.Siqale sanikeza i-MiZax ekuhlanganiseni okungu-10 µM ukuhlola umphumela wayo ekukhuleni kwama-strawberry (Umkhosi wecultivar).Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi sibonile ukuthi i-MiZax3 ikhulise kakhulu inani lama-stolon, ahambisana nokukhula kwamagatsha, kuyilapho i-MiZax5 ithuthukisa izinga lokuqhakaza, i-biomass yezitshalo, kanye nendawo yamaqabunga ngaphansi kwezimo ze-greenhouse (Supplementary Figure S4), iphakamisa ukuthi lezi zinhlanganisela ezimbili zingahluka ngokwezinto eziphilayo.Izehlakalo 26,27.Ukuze siqhubeke siqonde imiphumela yawo kumasitrobheni ngaphansi kwezimo zezolimo zangempela, senze izivivinyo zensimu sisebenzisa i-5 ne-10 μM MiZax ezitshalweni zamasitrobheli (cv. Sweet Charlie) ezitshalwe emhlabathini olingana nesihlabathi ngo-2021 (fig. S5A).Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-GC, asizange sibone ukwanda kwe-biomass yezitshalo, kodwa sithole ukuthambekela ekukhuphukeni kwenani lezithelo (Fig. C6A-B).Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-MiZax kubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwesisindo sesithelo esisodwa futhi kwabonisa ukuncika ekugxiliseni (Umfanekiso Owengeziwe S5B; Umdwebo Owengeziwe S6B), okubonisa umthelela walezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo kukhwalithi yesithelo sama-strawberry uma sisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo zasogwadule.ithonya.
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi umphumela wokukhushulwa kokukhula uncike ohlotsheni lwe-cultivar, sikhethe izinhlobo ezimbili zamasitrobheli ezithengiswayo e-Saudi Arabia (i-Sweet Charlie ne-Festival) futhi senza izifundo ezimbili zenkambu ngo-2022 sisebenzisa ukugxila okuphansi kwe-MiZax (2.5 kanye no-5 µM).Ku-Sweet Charlie, nakuba inani eliphelele lezithelo lingazange likhule kakhulu, i-biomass yezithelo ngokuvamile yayiphakeme kakhulu ezitshalweni eziphathwe nge-MiZax, futhi inani lezithelo ngesiqephu ngasinye landa ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-MiZax3 (Fig. 4).Le datha iphakamisa futhi ukuthi imisebenzi yebhayoloji ye-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 ingase yehluke.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokwelashwa nge-Myzax, sabona ukwanda kwesisindo esisha nesomile sezitshalo, kanye nobude bamahlumela ezitshalo.Ngokuphathelene nenani lama-stolons nezitshalo ezintsha, sithole ukwanda kuphela ku-5 μM MiZax (Fig. 4), okubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-MiZax okuphelele kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo.
Umthelela we-MiZax esakhiweni sesitshalo kanye nesivuno samasitrobheli (izinhlobonhlobo ze-Sweet Charlie) ezivela ezinkambini ze-KAU, ezenziwe ngo-2022. Idatha imele isho ± ukuchezuka okujwayelekile.n ≥ 15, kodwa inani lezithelo ngesiqephu ngasinye libalwe ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ezitshalweni eziyi-15 kusuka ezigabeni ezintathu (n = 3).Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya kwendlela eyodwa yokuhluka (ANOVA) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Tukey post hoc noma ukuhlolwa kwe-t Yomfundi enemisila emibili.Izinkanyezi zibonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulingiswa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekile).I-HA - i-humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Siphinde sabona umsebenzi ofanayo okhuthaza ukukhula ngokuphathelene nesisindo sezithelo kanye ne-biomass yezitshalo kumasitrobheni ezinhlobonhlobo zoMkhosi (Fig. 5), nokho, asizange sithole umehluko omkhulu enanini eliphelele lezithelo ngesitshalo ngasinye noma ngesiqephu ngasinye (Fig. 5);.Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-MiZax kwandisa ubude besitshalo kanye nenani lama-stolons, okubonisa ukuthi lezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo zezithelo (Fig. 5).Ukwengeza, silinganise amapharamitha we-biochemical ambalwa ukuze siqonde ikhwalithi yesithelo yama-cultivar amabili aqoqwe ensimini, kodwa asizange sithole umehluko phakathi kwakho konke ukwelashwa (Umfanekiso Owengeziwe S7; Umfanekiso Owengeziwe S8).
Umthelela we-MiZax esakhiweni sezitshalo kanye nesivuno samasitrobheli ensimini ye-KAU (izinhlobonhlobo zeFestival), 2022. Idatha isho ± ukuchezuka okujwayelekile.n ≥ 15, kodwa inani lezithelo ngesiqephu ngasinye libalwe ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ezitshalweni eziyi-15 kusuka ezigabeni ezintathu (n = 3).Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya kwendlela eyodwa yokuhluka (ANOVA) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Tukey post hoc noma ukuhlolwa kwe-t Yomfundi enemisila emibili.Izinkanyezi zibonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulingiswa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekile).I-HA - i-humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Ezifundweni zethu zamasitrobheni, imisebenzi yebhayoloji ye-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 ivele yehlukile.Siqale sahlola imiphumela yokwelashwa (T) kanye nonyaka (Y) ku-cultivar efanayo (i-Sweet Charlie) sisebenzisa i-ANOVA yezindlela ezimbili ukuze sinqume ukusebenzisana kwazo (T x Y).Ngakho-ke, i-GA ayizange ibe nomthelela ku-cultivar yama-strawberry (Sweet Charlie), kuyilapho i-5 μM MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 ikhulise kakhulu i-biomass yezitshalo nezithelo (Fig. 6), okubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisana kwezindlela ezimbili ze-MiZax ezimbili kufana kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ama-strawberry. .ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo
Hlola imiphumela yokwelashwa okungu-5 µM (T), unyaka (Y) nokusebenzisana kwakho (T x Y) kuma-strawberry (cv. Sweet Charlie).Idatha imelela ukuchezuka okujwayelekile okungu-±.n ≥ 30. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwezindlela ezimbili zokuhluka (ANOVA).Izinkanyezi zibonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulingiswa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekile).I-HA - i-humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Ukwengeza, uma kubhekwa ukuthi umsebenzi we-MiZax kuma-cultivar amabili wawuhluke kancane (Fig. 4; Fig. 5), senze i-ANOVA yezindlela ezimbili eqhathanisa ukwelashwa (T) kanye nezimila ezimbili (C).Okokuqala, akukho ukwelashwa okuthintekile inombolo yesithelo ngesiqephu ngasinye (Umfanekiso 7), okubonisa ukuthi akukho ukusebenzisana okubalulekile phakathi kwe-(T x C) nokuphakamisa ukuthi i-MiZax noma i-HA ayifaki isandla enambeni yezithelo.Ngokuphambene, i-MiZax (kodwa hhayi i-HA) yandisa kakhulu isisindo sesitshalo, isisindo sezithelo, ama-stolons nezitshalo ezintsha (Fig. 7), okubonisa ukuthi i-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 ikhuthaza kakhulu ukukhula kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo ze-strawberry.Ngokusekelwe ku-ANOVA (T x Y) yezindlela ezimbili kanye (T x C), singaphetha ngokuthi imisebenzi yokuthuthukisa ukukhula ye-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 ngaphansi kwezimo zenkambu ifana kakhulu futhi ayiguquki.
Ukuhlolwa kokwelashwa kwama-strawberry nge-5 µM (T), izinhlobo ezimbili (C) kanye nokusebenzisana kwazo (T x C).Idatha imele ukuchezuka okujwayelekile okungu-±.n ≥ 30, kodwa inani lezithelo ngesiqephu ngasinye libalwe ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ezitshalweni eziyi-15 kusuka ezigabeni ezintathu (n = 6).Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya okubili kokuhluka (ANOVA).Izinkanyezi zibonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nokulingiswa (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, akubalulekile).I-HA - i-humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Okokugcina, sisebenzise ukuhlaziywa kwengxenye eyinhloko (PCA) ukuhlola imiphumela yezinhlanganisela ezisetshenzisiwe kumazambane (T x Y) nama-strawberries (T x C).Lezi zibalo zibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-HA kufana ne-acetone kumazambane noma amanzi kuma-strawberries (Umfanekiso 8), okubonisa umphumela omncane omuhle ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imiphumela iyonke ye-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 ibonise ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kumazambane (Umfanekiso 8A), kanti ukusatshalaliswa kwalezi zinhlanganisela ezimbili kusitrobheli kwakuhlukile (Umfanekiso 8B).Nakuba i-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 ibonise ukusabalalisa okuhle kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezitshalo kanye nesivuno, ukuhlaziywa kwe-PCA kubonise ukuthi umsebenzi wokulawula ukukhula ungase uncike ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwengxenye eyinhloko (PCA) yamazambane (A) (T x Y) kanye (B) nama-strawberries (T x C).Thola iziqephu zawo womabili amaqembu.Ulayini oxhuma ingxenye ngayinye uholela enkabeni yeqoqo.
Kafushane, ngokusekelwe ezifundweni zethu ezinhlanu ezizimele ezitshalweni ezinenani eliphezulu futhi ezihambisana nemibiko yethu yangaphambilini kusukela ku-2020 kuya ku-202226,27, i-MiZax3 ne-MiZax5 zithembisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezingathuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nesivuno., okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu, izitshalo zezinkuni (ama-date palm) nezitshalo zezithelo ze-horticultural26,27.Nakuba izinqubo zamangqamuzana ezingaphezu kwemisebenzi yazo yebhayoloji zihlala zinzima, zinamandla amakhulu okusebenza endaweni.Okuhle kunakho konke, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-humic acid, i-MiZax isetshenziswa ngamanani amancane kakhulu (izinga le-micromolar noma i-milligram) futhi imiphumela emihle ibonakala kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, silinganisela umthamo we-MiZax3 ngohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye (kusuka kokuncane kuye kokugxilile okuphezulu): 3, 6 noma 12 g/ha, kanye nomthamo we-MiZx5: 4, 7 noma 13 g/ha, okwenza lawa ma-PGR abe usizo ekuthuthukiseni izivuno zezitshalo. .Impela kungenzeka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-29-2024