Iumlawuli wokukhula kwezitshaloImakethe kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-US$5.41 billion ngo-2031, ikhule ku-CAGR engu-9.0% kusukela ngo-2024 kuya ku-2031, futhi ngokwevolumu, imakethe kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele amathani angu-126,145 ngonyaka ka-2031 ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-9.0%. kusukela ngo-2024. Izinga lokukhula lonyaka lingu-6.6% kuze kube ngu-2031.
Ukwanda kwesidingo semikhuba yokulima esimeme, ukwanda kwezolimo eziphilayo, ukwanda kwesidingo semikhiqizo yokudla yemvelo, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali ngabadlali ababalulekile emakethe kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sezitshalo ezinenani eliphezulu yizinto ezibalulekile eziqhuba ukukhula kwesici semakethe yabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, izithiyo zomthetho nezezezimali kwabaqalayo emakethe kanye nokuqonda okulinganiselwe ngabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo phakathi kwabalimi yizinto ezivimbela ukukhula kwale makethe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe asathuthuka anezinhlobonhlobo zezolimo kanye nomhlaba omkhulu wokulima kulindeleke ukuthi adale amathuba okukhula kwabahlanganyeli bemakethe. Kodwa-ke, izinqubo zokubhalisa nokwamukela umkhiqizo ezinde ziyizinselele ezinkulu ezithinta ukukhula kwemakethe.
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo (ama-PGR) ziyizakhi zemvelo noma zokwenziwa ezithinta intuthuko yezitshalo noma izinqubo ze-metabolic, ngokuvamile ngezinga eliphansi. Ngokungafani nomanyolo, izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo azinawo umsoco. Kunalokho, zibalulekile ekwandiseni umkhiqizo wezolimo ngokuthonya izici ezahlukahlukene zokukhula kwezitshalo kanye nentuthuko.
Abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo bemvelo basebenza ngezinga eliphezulu lokucacisa, kuthinta amangqamuzana noma izicubu ezithile kuphela, okuvumela ukulawulwa okunembile kwezinqubo zokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo bemvelo abayona ubuthi kubantu nasezilwaneni uma besetshenziswa njengoba kuqondisiwe, okwenza kube yindlela ephephile yokukhetha amakhemikhali okwenziwa maqondana nomthelela wemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu. Muva nje, kube noshintsho olukhulayo oluya ezindleleni zokulima ezingenamakhemikhali ngenxa yokwanda kokuqwashisa kwabathengi ngezingozi zempilo ezingaba khona ezihlobene nezinsalela zamakhemikhali ekudleni.
Isidingo esikhulayo sabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo (ama-GGR) sishukumisele abadlali abaphambili emakethe ukuthi bandise kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni (i-R&D). Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kulindeleke ukuthi kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela ze-PGR ezisebenzayo nezithuthukisiwe, okuholela emikhiqizweni emisha ehlangabezana nezidingo ezishintshayo zomkhakha wezolimo wanamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadlali abakhulu batshala imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze basekele ukwamukelwa kwezindlela zokulima zesimanje, okuhlanganisa ukulima okunembile kanye nokulima okuhlakaniphile. Izinsiza zofuzo zezitshalo zingafakwa kulezi zindlela zokwandisa isivuno, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwezinsizakusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthazwe isidingo semakethe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani eziningana ezihamba phambili zandisa amaphothifoliyo azo omkhiqizo we-PGR ngokutshalwa kwezimali okwandisiwe, ukubambisana okunesu, ukwethulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha kanye nokwandiswa kwendawo. Isibonelo, ngo-Agasti 2023, iBayer AG (eJalimane) yanikela ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-238.1 (€220 million) ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni endaweni yayo yaseMonheim, okuwukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kakhulu ebhizinisini layo lokuvikela izitshalo. Ngokufanayo, ngoJuni 2023, iCorteva, Inc. (e-USA) ivule isikhungo sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa esibanzi e-Eschbach, eJalimane, esigxile ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo eziqhubekayo zabalimi.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo, ama-gibberellin angama-phytohormone abalulekile alawula ukukhula nentuthuko. Ama-gibberellin asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo nakwezolimo futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu ekwandiseni isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezitshalo ezifana nama-apula namagilebhisi. Isidingo esikhulayo sezithelo nemifino esezingeni eliphezulu siholele ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwama-gibberellin. Abalimi bayakwazisa ikhono lama-gibberellin lokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo ngisho nasezimweni zemvelo ezingalindelekile nezinzima. Emkhakheni wezitshalo zokuhlobisa, ama-gibberellin asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa usayizi, ukuma kanye nombala wezitshalo, okuthuthukisa ukukhula kwemakethe yama-gibberellin.
Sekukonke, ukukhula kwemakethe yama-gibberellin kuqhutshwa yisidingo esikhulayo sezitshalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nesidingo semikhuba yezolimo ethuthukisiwe. Ukwanda kokuthanda ama-gibberellin phakathi kwabalimi kulindeleke ukuthi kube negalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni kwemakethe eminyakeni ezayo, ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo kahle ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene futhi ezivame ukuba zimbi.
Ngohlobo: Ngokuphathelene nenani, ingxenye ye-cytokinin kulindeleke ukuthi ibambe isabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke emakethe yokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo ku-39.3% ngo-2024. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye ye-gibberellin kulindeleke ukuthi ibhalise i-CAGR ephezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubikezela kusukela ngo-2024 kuya ku-2031.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-29-2024