Manje njengoba sesikhuluma nge-dinotefuran yesizukulwane sesithathu yezinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane ze-nicotinic, ake siqale sihlele ukuhlukaniswa kwezinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane ze-nicotinic.
Isizukulwane sokuqala semikhiqizo ye-nicotine: imidacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid. I-intermediate eyinhloko yi-2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine, eyingxenye yeqembu le-chloropyridyl.
Imikhiqizo ye-nicotine yesizukulwane sesibili: i-thiamethoxam), i-clothianidin. I-intermediate eyinhloko yi-2-chloro-5-chloromethylthiazole, eyingxenye yeqembu le-chlorothiazolyl.
Isizukulwane sesithathu semikhiqizo ye-nicotine: i-dinotefuran, iqembu le-tetrahydrofuran lithatha indawo yeqembu le-chloro, futhi alinazo izakhi ze-halogen.
Indlela yokusebenza kwesenzo sokubulala izinambuzane se-nicotine ukusebenza ohlelweni lokudlulisela imizwa yezinambuzane, okwenza zivuse ngendlela engavamile, zikhubaze futhi zife, futhi inemiphumela yokubulala othintana nabo kanye nobuthi esiswini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-nicotine endabuko, i-dinotefuran ayinazo izakhi ze-halogen, futhi ukuncibilika kwayo emanzini kunamandla, okusho ukuthi i-dinotefuran imuncwa kalula; futhi ubuthi bayo bomlomo ezinyosini buyi-1/4.6 kuphela yobo be-thiamethoxam, ubuthi bokuthintana buyingxenye ye-thiamethoxam.
Kusukela ngomhlaka-30 Agasti 2022, izwe lami linezitifiketi zokubhalisa ezingu-25 zemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe ye-dinotefuran; izitifiketi zokubhalisa ezingu-164 zemithamo eyodwa kanye nezitifiketi zokubhalisa ezingu-111 zezingxube, okuhlanganisa nezibulala-zinambuzane ezingu-51 ezihlanzekile.
Amafomu omthamo abhalisiwe afaka ama-granule ancibilikayo, ama-sleeping agents, ama-granule ahlakazeka ngamanzi, ama-sleeping seed agents, ama-granule, njll., kanti okuqukethwe komthamo owodwa kungu-0.025%-70%.
Imikhiqizo exubile ihlanganisa i-pymetrozine, i-spirotetramat, i-pyridaben, i-bifenthrin, njll.
01 I-Dinotefuran + i-Pymetrozine
I-Pymetrozine inomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuhambisa izicubu emzimbeni, futhi umphumela osheshayo we-dinotefuran uyinzuzo esobala yalo mkhiqizo. Lezi zibili zinezindlela ezahlukene zokusebenza. Uma zisetshenziswa ndawonye, izinambuzane ziyafa ngokushesha futhi umphumela uhlala isikhathi eside.02I-Dinotefuran + i-Spirotetramat
Le fomula iyifomula yezitha zama-aphid, ama-thrips, kanye nezimpukane ezimhlophe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusukela ekukhuthazeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene kanye nempendulo yabasebenzisi, umphumela usagculisa kakhulu.
03I-Dinotefuran + i-Pyriproxyfen
I-Pyriproxyfen iyi-ovicide esebenza kahle kakhulu, kanti i-dinotefuran isebenza kuphela kubantu abadala. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okubili kungabulala wonke amaqanda. Le fomula ingumlingani wegolide ngokuphelele.
04Izibulala-zinambuzane ze-Dinotefuran + Pyrethroid
Le fomula ingawuthuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokubulala izinambuzane. Izibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid ngokwazo ziyizibulala-zinambuzane ezibanzi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okubili kunganciphisa izinga lokumelana nemithi, futhi kungalapha ne-flea beetle. Kuyifomula ekhuthazwa kakhulu abakhiqizi eminyakeni yamuva.
Xazulula isixazululo
Izakhi eziyinhloko ze-dinotefuran yi-tetrahydrofuran-3-methylamine kanye ne-O-methyl-N-nitroisourea.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-tetrahydrofuran-3-methylamine kugxile kakhulu eZhejiang, eHubei naseJiangsu, futhi amandla okukhiqiza anele ukuhlangabezana nokusetshenziswa kwe-dinotefuran.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-O-methyl-N-nitroisourea kugxile kakhulu eHebei, eHubei naseJiangsu. Kuyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-dinotefuran ngenxa yenqubo eyingozi ehilelekile ku-nitrification.
01I-Dinotefuran inezinhlobo eziningi zokubulala izinambuzane kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kwayo, kusukela ezibulala-zinambuzane kuya emithini yokuhlanzeka, kusukela ezinambuzaneni ezincane kuya ezinambuzaneni ezinkulu, futhi inomphumela omuhle wokulawula.
02Njengoba ixubeka kahle, i-dinotefuran ingaxutshwa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezikhunta, okulula ukuzisebenzisa; lezi zinhlobo zicebile, futhi zingenziwa zibe umanyolo we-granule, i-seed coating agent yokugqoka imbewu, kanye ne-suspension agent yokufafaza.
03Ilayisi lisetshenziselwa ukulawula izimbobo kanye nezintethe ngesidakamizwa esisodwa kanye nokubulala okubili. Liyabiza futhi lizoba yithuba elikhulu lemakethe lokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo kwe-dinotefuran.
04Njengoba i-dinotefuran ithandwa kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukundiza, i-dinotefuran incibilika kalula emanzini, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kokuvimbela ukundiza. Ukwanda kokuvimbela ukundiza kuzohlinzeka ngethuba elingavamile emakethe lokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwe-dinotefuran.
05I-D-enantiomer ye-dinotefuran ihlinzeka kakhulu ngomsebenzi wokubulala izinambuzane, kuyilapho i-L-enantiomer inobuthi obukhulu ezinyosini zezinyosi zase-Italy. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza, i-dinotefuran, enobungani nemvelo, izodlula embotsheni yayo yokuthuthuka.
06Igxile ezitshalweni ezingavamile, njengoba izimpethu zama-leek kanye nezimpethu zikagalikhi ziba namandla okumelana namakhemikhali avamile, i-dinotefuran isebenze kahle ekulawuleni izinambuzane ezingavamile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-dinotefuran ezitshalweni ezingavamile kuzophinde kuhlinzeke ngezimakethe ezintsha kanye neziqondiso zokuthuthukiswa kwe-dinotefuran.
07Ukuthuthukiswa okungabizi kakhulu. Isithiyo esikhulu esithinta ukukhula kwe-dinotefuran bekulokhu kuyintengo ephezulu yomuthi wokuqala kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokusetshenziswa komuthi wokugcina. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-dinotefuran okwamanje isezingeni eliphansi emlandweni. Ngokwehla kwentengo, isilinganiso sentengo nokusebenza kwe-dinotefuran siye sabonakala kakhulu. Sikholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthuka kwesilinganiso sentengo nokusebenza kunikeza amathuba amaningi okukhula kwe-dinotefuran esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-21-2022