(Beyond Pesticides, Januwari 5, 2022) Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane emakhaya kungaba nemiphumela emibi ekukhuleni kwemisipha yezinsana, ngokusho kocwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule kumagazini i-Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. Lolu cwaningo lugxile kwabesifazane baseHispanic abahola kancane eLos Angeles, eCalifornia, ababhalise ocwaningweni oluqhubekayo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stress (MADRES). Njengakwezinye izinto ezingcolisayo emphakathini, imiphakathi yabantu abahola kancane abanemibala enemibala ehlukahlukene ivezwa ngokungalingani ezibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi, okuholela ekuvezweni kusenesikhathi kanye nemiphumela yempilo yonke.
Abesifazane abafakwe eqenjini le-MADRES babeneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 ubudala futhi bekhuluma kahle isiNgisi noma iSpanishi. Kulolu cwaningo, ababambiqhaza be-MADRES abangaba ngu-300 bahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokufakwa futhi bagcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya ekuvakasheni kwezinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokubeletha. Imibuzo ngokuvamile ibuza ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane zisetshenziswe yini ekhaya selokhu umntwana azalwa. Ngemva kwezinye izinyanga ezintathu, abacwaningi baphinde bahlola ukuthuthukiswa kwemisipha yezinsana besebenzisa ithuluzi lokuhlola i-Age and Stage-3 lephrothokholi, elihlola ikhono lezingane lokwenza ukunyakaza kwemisipha.
Sekukonke, cishe omama abangu-22% babike ukuthi basebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ekhaya ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwezingane zabo. Ukuhlaziywa kuthole ukuthi izinsana ezingu-21 ezihlolwe zazingaphansi komkhawulo obekwe yithuluzi lokuhlola, okuphakamisa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ngabahlinzeki bezempilo. “Kumodeli elungisiwe, amaphuzu okunyakaza alindelekile ayephakeme ngokuphindwe ka-1.30 (95% CI 1.05, 1.61) ezinganeni ezinomama ababike ukuthi zisebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezidla igundane noma izinambuzane ekhaya kunasezinsaneni ezinomama abangazange babike ukuthi zisebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ekhaya. Amaphuzu aphezulu abonisa ukwehla kokwehla kwamakhono okunyakaza aphelele kanye nokwehla kokusebenza kwezemidlalo,” kusho ucwaningo.
Nakuba abacwaningi bethi kudingeka idatha eyengeziwe ukuze kutholakale izibulala-zinambuzane ezithile ezingaba nendima, okutholakele konke kusekela umbono wokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya kuhlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kokukhula kwemisipha ezinganeni. Besebenzisa indlela ecabangela iziguquguquko ezingalinganiswanga ezingathonya imiphumela yokugcina, abacwaningi baphawule: “Inani le-E elingu-1.92 (95% CI 1.28, 2.60) lisikisela ukuthi kudingeka inani elikhulu leziphazamisi ezingalinganiswanga. ukunciphisa ubudlelwano obubonakalayo phakathi kwemindeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwamagundane. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemisipha yezinsana.”
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kube noshintsho olujwayelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhemikhali amadala e-organophosphate kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid zokwenziwa. Kodwa lolu shintsho aluzange luholele ekuvezweni okuphephile; Izincwadi eziningi ziphakamisa ukuthi ama-pyrethroid okwenziwa angabangela imiphumela emibi eminingi yezempilo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Izifundo eziningana zishicilelwe ezixhumanisa ama-pyrethroid okwenziwa nezinkinga zokukhula ezinganeni. Muva nje, ucwaningo lwaseDenmark lwango-2019 luthole ukuthi ukugcwala okuphezulu kwezibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid kuhambisana namazinga aphezulu e-ADHD ezinganeni. Ukuchayeka ezibulala-zinambuzane zisencane kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa amakhono okunyakaza kanye nentuthuko yezemfundo, abafana abachayeke kuma-pyrethroid okwenziwa babenamathuba amaningi okuthomba kusenesikhathi.
Lokhu okutholakele kuyakhathaza nakakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezifundo ezibonisa ukuthi ama-pyrethroids okwenziwa angahlala kanjani ezindaweni eziqinile emakhaya isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Lokhu kusala okuqhubekayo kungaholela ekuvezweni kaningi, kuguqule lokho umuntu angase akubheke njengomcimbi wokusetshenziswa kanye kube umcimbi wokuvezwa isikhathi eside. Kodwa ngeshwa, kubantu abaningi abahola kancane e-United States, ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane emakhaya abo noma ezindlini zabo nasezindaweni ezizungezile akusona isinqumo abangasenza. Izinkampani eziningi zokuphatha izindawo, abanikazi bezindlu kanye neziphathimandla zezindlu zomphakathi zinezinkontileka zesevisi eziqhubekayo nezinkampani zokulawula izinambuzane zamakhemikhali noma zidinga izakhamuzi ukuthi zelaphe amakhaya azo njalo. Le ndlela esiphelelwe yisikhathi futhi eyingozi yokulawula izinambuzane ivame ukuhilela ukuvakashelwa kwezinsizakalo zokufutha izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi ngokungadingekile, okuholela ekuvezweni okungalingani kwezinambuzane kubantu abahola kancane ababengagcina amakhaya abo ehlanzekile. Akumangazi ukuthi kungani, lapho izifundo zingabala ingozi yesifo kumakhodi e-zip, abantu abahola kancane, abantu bomdabu kanye nemiphakathi enemibala basengozini enkulu yezibulala-zinambuzane nezinye izifo zemvelo.
Nakuba izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukondla izingane ukudla okungokwemvelo kungathuthukisa amaphuzu okuhlolwa kwenkumbulo nokuhlakanipha, ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwezibulala-zinambuzane ekhaya kungalimaza lezi zinzuzo, yize ezimweni eziningi ukudla okungokwemvelo kungena ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yentengo. Ekugcineni, wonke umuntu kufanele abe nokufinyelela kokudla okunempilo okukhuliswe ngaphandle kwezibulala-zinambuzane futhi akwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kokuphoqeleka ukuthi athole izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi ezingalimaza impilo yakho nomndeni wakho. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwezibulala-zinambuzane kungashintshwa—uma ungayeka ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ekhaya lakho noma ukhulume nomninikhaya wakho noma umhlinzeki wesevisi—i-Beyond Pesticides itusa kakhulu ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuyeka ukuzisebenzisa. Ukuze uthole usizo lokuyeka ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane zasekhaya nokulawula izinambuzane zasekhaya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali, vakashela i-Beyond Pesticides ManageSafe noma uxhumane nathi [email protected].
Lokhu okufakiwe kuthunyelwe ngoLwesithathu, mhla ziyi-5 kuJanuwari 2022 ngo-12:01 ekuseni futhi kufakwe ngaphansi kwe-Children, Motor Development Effects, Nervous System Effects, Synthetic Pyrethroids, Uncategorized. Ungalandela izimpendulo kulokhu okufakiwe ngokuphakelayo kwe-RSS 2.0. Ungeqa uye ekugcineni bese ushiya impendulo. I-Ping ayivunyelwe okwamanje.
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