Ukuphathwa kwezinambuzane nezifoKubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, ukuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni eziyingozi. Izinhlelo zokulawula ezisekelwe emkhawulweni, lapho izibulala-zinambuzane zisetshenziswa kuphela lapho ubuningi bezinambuzane nezifo budlula umkhawulo onqunyiwe, zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, umthelela walezi zinhlelo awucacile futhi uyahlukahluka kuzo zonke izindawo. Ukuze sihlole umthelela obanzi wezinhlelo zokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe emkhawulweni ezilwa nezinambuzane ze-arthropod zezolimo, senze ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo ezingu-126 ezibika izivivinyo ezingu-466 ezitshalweni ezingu-34, siqhathanisa izinhlelo ezisekelwe emkhawulweni nezinhlelo ezisekelwe ekhalendeni.ukulawulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzaneizinhlelo (okungukuthi, zamasonto onke noma ezingezona izinhlobo ezithile) kanye/noma iziza zokulawula ezingalashwanga. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezisekelwe ekhalendeni, izinhlelo ezisekelwe emkhawulweni zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngo-44% kanye nezindleko ezihambisana nazo ngo-40% ngaphandle kokuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokulawula izinambuzane nezifo noma isivuno sonke. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe emkhawulweni nazo zandise inani lezinambuzane ezizuzisayo futhi zathola ukulawula okufanayo kwezifo ezithwalwa yi-arthropod njengezinhlelo ezisekelwe ekhalendeni. Njengoba kunesilinganiso kanye nokusimama kwalezi zinzuzo, kudingeka ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwezepolitiki kanye nezezimali ukukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwale ndlela yokulawula kwezolimo.
Ukuze sihlole ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwezinqubo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-threshold kwezolimo, sifune ngokuhlelekile izifundo ezifanele ezihlola ukusetshenziswa kwe-threshold ezinhlelweni zokutshala. Sisebenzisa izinjini eziningi zokusesha, ekugcineni sihlaziye izifundo eziyi-126 ukuze sithole umthelela wezinqubo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-threshold ekulawulweni kwezinambuzane ze-arthropod, umkhiqizo wezolimo, kanye nobuningi be-arthropod enenzuzo. Sicabanga ukuthi izinqubo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-threshold zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngaphandle kokuthinta isivuno sezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kukhalenda, izinqubo ezisekelwe ku-threshold zisebenza kangcono ekulawuleni izifo ezithwalwa yi-arthropod ngenkathi zisekela ngesikhathi esifanayo ukusinda kwezinambuzane eziwusizo.
Senze ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ukuze sithole umthelela wezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe emkhawulweni kwezolimo. Izincwadi ezishicilelwe zithathwe ku-Web of Science kanye ne-Google Scholar (Isithombe 1). Siphinde sasebenzisa indlela ehlanganisiwe, sisebenzisa amasu ahambisanayo ukuthuthukisa ukumelwa kanye nobubanzi bedathabheyisi. Siphinde safaka izifundo ezisekelwe olwazini lomuntu siqu lwabacwaningi ngocwaningo lwangaphambilini, izindawo zokugcina idatha ezifanele, kanye nesu lokuhlola i-snowball (okungukuthi, ukukhetha izihloko ezibhekiselweni ezifanele). Sibuyekeze isethi yedatha yokuqala ngoMeyi 2023 ukuqinisekisa ukuphelela kwayo ezintweni ezibalulekile zezolimo, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwesitshalo, izinhlobo ze-arthropod, kanye nezwe lokutadisha. Izikhala kudathabheyisi zaxazululwa ngokusesha amagama angukhiye okulandelayo. Konke ukusesha izifundo okuhlangabezana nemigomo yokufakwa kwaqhubeka kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2021 kuya kuJuni 2023.
Amarekhodi ahlonzwe ngokusebenzisa ukusesha kwesizindalwazi kanye neminye imithombo, ahlolwa ukuthi afanelekile yini, ahlolwa ukuthi ayafaneleka yini, futhi ekugcineni ancishiswa afinyelela ezifundweni ezingu-126 ezafakwa ekuhlaziyweni kokugcina kwe-quantitative meta.
Ezifundweni ezineziphambeko ezijwayelekile ezaziwayo, amafomula alandelayo 1 no-25 asetshenziswa ukulinganisa isilinganiso selogi kanye nokuphambuka okujwayelekile okuhambisanayo.
Ezifundweni ezineziphambeko ezijwayelekile ezingaziwa, amafomula alandelayo 3 no-4 asetshenziswa ukulinganisa isilinganiso selogi kanye nokuphambuka okujwayelekile okuhambisanayo 25.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kukaGeary (1930) okujwayelekile26, izifundo ezinamanani angaphansi kuka-3 azifakwanga (ngokusho kwefomula 5 kaNakagawa et al. 2023).
Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngendlela yokufunda, sicela ubheke Isifinyezo Sombiko Wephothifoliyo Yemvelo esixhunywe kulesi sihloko.
Izinambuzane ziyingozi enkulu ezitshalweni eziningi, okubangela okungaphezu kwalokho20% yokulahlekelwa kwesivuno emhlabeni jikelele.28Nakuba izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezinambuzane ezisekelwe emkhawulweni ziyinsika yokuphathwa kwezinambuzane okuhlanganisiwe (i-IPM), umthelela wazo jikelele kwezolimo awukacaci. Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziningana ezizimele zikhombe imiphumela emihle yalezi zinhlelo, okuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okusebenzayo, isivuno esikhulu, kanye nemiphumela engaqondile ezuzisayo kwezinye izimo (isb., ukwanda kwempova noma ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo). Sicabanga ukuthi le miphumela emihle isakazeke kulo lonke ezolimo. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-meta isekela kakhulu lo mbono. Nakuba ubuningi bezinambuzane babuphezulu kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe emkhawulweni kunasezinhlelweni ezisekelwe ekhalendeni, izinkomba zomonakalo wezinambuzane zibonise ukusebenza okufanayo kokulawula kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe emkhawulweni kanye nekhalenda nazo zibonise ukucindezelwa okufanayo kwezifo zezitshalo ezithwalwa yi-arthropod. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe emkhawulweni zibonise inani eliphakeme lama-arthropod azuzisayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezijwayelekile. Le miphumela ingachazwa ngokwengxenye ngokunciphisa okungu-44% kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe emkhawulweni uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezisekelwe ekhalendeni. Kodwa-ke, nakuba izindlela zokulawula ezisekelwe emkhawulweni kanye nekhalenda zingabonisanga umehluko omkhulu ekuvuneni, sithole ukuthi indlela yomkhawulo yehlise kancane ikhwalithi yesivuno. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwesitshalo (izitshalo ezikhethekile uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezivamile) zingathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwendlela yokulawula imingcele. Sekukonke, imiphumela yethu isekela umbono osekunesikhathi eside wokuthi izinhlelo zokuphatha izinambuzane ezisekelwe kumingcele zinganikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ekuphatheni izinambuzane nezifo ezinhlelweni zezolimo.
Imingcele yezomnotho iyisici esiyinhloko somqondo wokuphathwa kwezinambuzane ezihlanganisiwe (i-IPM), futhi abacwaningi sebebike isikhathi eside ngezinzuzo ezinhle zezinhlelo zokufaka izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumkhawulo. Ucwaningo lwethu lukhombisile ukuthi ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-arthropod kubalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi, njengoba izifundo ezingama-94% zibonisa ukwehla kwesivuno sezitshalo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngokuhlakanipha kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni intuthuko yezolimo eqhubekayo yesikhathi eside. Sithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemingcele kulawula ngempumelelo umonakalo we-arthropod ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivuno uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokufaka izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kukhalenda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwemingcele kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngaphezu kwama-40%.OkunyeUkuhlolwa okukhulu kwamaphethini okusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane emasimini aseFrance kanye nokuhlolwa kokulawulwa kwezifo zezitshalo kubonise nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kungancishiswa ngokuthi40-50% ngaphandle kokuthinta isivuno. Le miphumela igcizelela isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imikhawulo emisha yokuphathwa kwezinambuzane nokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza zokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo kwanda, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuzoqhubeka nokusongela izinhlelo zemvelo, okuhlanganisa nokuzwela kakhulu futhi okuwusizoizindawo zokuhlalaKodwa-ke, ukwamukelwa kabanzi kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ezisekelwe emikhawulweni yezibulala-zinambuzane kunganciphisa le miphumela, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusimama kanye nobungane bezolimo emvelweni.
Imininingwane yethulwa kumbhalo noma ifayela lolwazi olwengeziwe, futhi iyatholakala esidlangalaleni ku-akhawunti yombhali ye-GitHub ku-https://github.com/aleach379/Thresholdsreduce.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-12-2026