Ukuphathwa kwezinambuzane nezifo kubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, kuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni eziyingozi. Izinhlelo zokulawula ezisekelwe emkhawulweni, ezisebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane kuphela lapho ubuningi bezinambuzane nezifo budlula umkhawulo onqunyiwe, zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zinhlelo akucaci futhi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu.
Ukuze sihlole ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwezinqubo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-threshold-rate kwezolimo, sifune ngokuhlelekile izifundo ezifanele ezihlola amazinga omkhawulo ezinhlelweni zokutshala.Sisebenzisa izinjini zokusesha eziningi, ekugcineni sihlaziye izifundo ezingu-126 ukuze sithole umthelela wezinqubo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-threshold-rate ekulawulweni kwezinambuzane ze-arthropod, umkhiqizo wezolimo, kanye nobuningi be-arthropod obuzuzisayo.Sicabanga ukuthi izinqubo zokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-threshold-rate zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni isivuno sezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kushejuli, izinqubo ezisekelwe ku-threshold-rate zisebenza kangcono ekulawuleni izifo ezithwalwa yi-arthropod ngenkathi zikhuthaza ukusinda kwezinambuzane ezizuzisayo ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Senze ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ukuze sithole umthelela wezinhlelo zokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumkhawulo kwezolimo. Izincwadi ezishicilelwe zithathwe ku-Web of Science kanye ne-Google Scholar (Isithombe 1). Siphinde sasebenzisa indlela ehlanganisiwe, sisebenzisa amasu ahambisanayo ukuthuthukisa ukumelwa kanye nobubanzi besizindalwazi.
Amarekhodi ahlonzwe ngokusebenzisa ukusesha kwesizindalwazi kanye neminye imithombo, ahlolwa ukuthi ayasebenza yini, ahlolwa ukuthi ayafaneleka yini, futhi ekugcineni ancishiselwa ezifundweni ezingu-126, ezafakwa ekuhlaziyweni kokugcina kwe-quantitative meta.
Akuzona zonke izifundo ezibike izindlela kanye nokwehluka; ngakho-ke, sibale isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokwehluka ukuze silinganisele ukwehluka kwelogi.isilinganiso.25Ezifundweni ezineziphambeko ezijwayelekile ezingaziwa, sisebenzise i-Equation 4 ukulinganisa isilinganiso selogi kanye ne-Equation 5 ukulinganisa ukuphambuka okujwayelekile okuhambisanayo. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi noma ngabe ukuphambuka okujwayelekile okulinganiselwe kwe-lnRR akukho, kusengabandakanywa ku-meta-analysis ngokubala ukuphambuka okujwayelekile okulahlekile kusetshenziswa i-weighted mean coefficient of variation evela ezifundweni ezibika ngokuphakathi ukuphambuka okujwayelekile.
Ithebula 1 liveza izilinganiso zamaphuzu ezilinganiso, amaphutha ajwayelekile ahambisanayo, izikhawu zokuzethemba, kanye namanani e-p esilinganiso ngasinye kanye nokuqhathanisa. Ama-funnel plots akhiwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona ukungalingani kwezilinganiso okukhulunywa ngazo (Isithombe Esingeziwe 1). Izibalo Ezingeziwe 2–7 ziveza izilinganiso zezilinganiso okukhulunywa ngazo esifundweni ngasinye.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nomklamo wocwaningo ingatholakala kusifinyezo sombiko we-Nature Portfolio esixhunywe kulesi sihloko.
Ukuhlaziywa kwethu kukhombisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe emkhawulweni zinganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezindleko ezihlobene nazo, kodwa akucaci ukuthi abakhiqizi bezolimo bayazuza yini ngempela kuzo. Izifundo ezifakwe ekuhlaziyweni kwethu kwe-meta zahlukahluka kakhulu ezincazelweni zazo zezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane "ezijwayelekile", kusukela emikhubeni yesifunda kuya ezinhlelweni zekhalenda ezilula. Ngakho-ke, imiphumela emihle esiyibika lapha ingase ingabonisi ngokugcwele okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kwabakhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize sibhale phansi ukonga okukhulu kwezindleko ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane okuncishisiwe, izifundo zokuqala ngokuvamile azizange zicabangele izindleko zokuhlola ensimini. Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo zezomnotho eziphelele zezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe emkhawulweni zingase zibe ngaphansi kancane kunemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwethu. Kodwa-ke, zonke izifundo ezibike izindleko zokuhlolwa ensimini zibhale phansi izindleko zokukhiqiza ezincishisiwe ngenxa yokunciphisa izindleko zezibulala-zinambuzane.
Imingcele yezomnotho idlala indima ebalulekile emqondweni wokuphathwa kwezinambuzane okuhlanganisiwe (i-IPM), futhi abacwaningi sebebike isikhathi eside ngezinzuzo ezinhle zezinhlelo zokufaka izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumingcele. Ucwaningo lwethu lukhombisile ukuthi ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ze-arthropod kubalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi, njengoba izifundo ezingama-94% zibonisa ukwehla kwesivuno sezitshalo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-07-2025