Ukuphathwa kwezinambuzane nezifo kubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, kuvikela izitshalo ekulimaleniizinambuzane nezifoIzinhlelo zokulawula ezisekelwe emkhawulweni, ezisebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane kuphela lapho ubuningi bezinambuzane nezifo budlula umkhawulo onqunyiwe, zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zinhlelo akucaci futhi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ukuze sihlole umthelela obanzi wezinhlelo zokulawula ezisekelwe emkhawulweni ezilwanyaneni zezolimo ze-arthropod, senze ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwezifundo ezingu-126, kufaka phakathi izivivinyo ezingu-466 ezitshalweni ezingu-34, siqhathanisa izinhlelo ezisekelwe emkhawulweni nezinhlelo ezisekelwe ekhalendeni.ukulawulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzaneizinhlelo kanye/noma izilawuli ezingalashwanga. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezisekelwe ekhalendeni, izinhlelo ezisekelwe emkhawulweni zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngo-44% kanye nezindleko ezihambisana nazo ngo-40%, ngaphandle kokuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo noma isivuno sesivuno sisonke. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe emkhawulweni nazo zandise inani lezinambuzane ezizuzisayo futhi zafinyelela amazinga afanayo okulawula izifo ezithwalwa yi-arthropod njengezinhlelo ezisekelwe ekhalendeni. Njengoba kunikezwe ububanzi nokuvumelana kwalezi zinzuzo, kudingeka ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwezepolitiki kanye nezezimali ukukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwale ndlela yokulawula kwezolimo.
Amarekhodi ahlonzwe ngokusebenzisa ukusesha kwesizindalwazi kanye neminye imithombo, ahlolwa ukuthi ayasebenza yini, ahlolwa ukuthi ayafaneleka yini, futhi ekugcineni ancishiselwa ezifundweni ezingu-126, ezafakwa ekuhlaziyweni kokugcina kwe-quantitative meta.
Akuzona zonke izifundo ezibike izindlela kanye nokwehluka; ngakho-ke, sibale isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokwehluka ukuze silinganisele ukwehluka kwelogi.isilinganiso.25Ezifundweni ezineziphambeko ezijwayelekile ezingaziwa, sisebenzise i-Equation 4 ukulinganisa isilinganiso selogi kanye ne-Equation 5 ukulinganisa ukuphambuka okujwayelekile okuhambisanayo. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi noma ngabe ukuphambuka okujwayelekile okulinganiselwe kwe-lnRR akukho, kusengabandakanywa ku-meta-analysis ngokubala ukuphambuka okujwayelekile okulahlekile kusetshenziswa i-weighted mean coefficient of variation evela ezifundweni ezibika ngokuphakathi ukuphambuka okujwayelekile.
Ezifundweni ezineziphambeko ezijwayelekile ezaziwayo, amafomula alandelayo 1 no-2 asetshenziswa ukulinganisa isilinganiso selogi kanye nokuphambuka okujwayelekile okuhambisanayo.
Ezifundweni ezineziphambeko ezijwayelekile ezingaziwa, amafomula alandelayo 3 no-4 asetshenziswa ukulinganisa isilinganiso selogi kanye nokuphambuka okujwayelekile okuhambisanayo.
Ithebula 1 liveza izilinganiso zamaphuzu ezilinganiso, amaphutha ajwayelekile ahambisanayo, izikhawu zokuzethemba, kanye namanani e-p esilinganiso ngasinye kanye nokuqhathanisa. Ama-funnel plots akhiwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona ukungalingani kwezilinganiso okukhulunywa ngazo (Isithombe Esingeziwe 1). Izibalo Ezingeziwe 2–7 ziveza izilinganiso zezilinganiso okukhulunywa ngazo esifundweni ngasinye.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nomklamo wocwaningo ingatholakala kusifinyezo sombiko we-Nature Portfolio esixhunywe kulesi sihloko.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, asitholanga mehluko obalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane okusekelwe kumkhawulo phakathi kwezitshalo ezikhethekile nezivamile ukuze kulinganiswe izinto ezibalulekile njengokulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo, isivuno, izinzuzo zomnotho, kanye nomthelela ezinambuzaneni ezizuzisayo. Lo mphumela awumangazi uma ubheka ukuthi, ngokombono wezinto eziphilayo, izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumkhawulo azifani kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo. Umehluko phakathi kwezitshalo ezivamile nezikhethekile uvela kakhulu ezicini zomnotho kanye/noma zomthetho, kunokuba uvela ezicini zemvelo. Lo mehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo cishe uzothonya imikhuba yokuphathwa kwezinambuzane nezifo kunemiphumela yezinto eziphilayo yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane okusekelwe kumkhawulo. Isibonelo, izitshalo ezikhethekile ngokuvamile zinezindleko eziphezulu zeyunithi ngehektha ngalinye futhi ngenxa yalokho zidinga amazinga ekhwalithi aqinile, okungase kushukumise abalimi ukuthi basebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane ngendlela yokuvimbela ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngezinambuzane nezifo ezingavamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-acre amakhulu ezitshalo ezivamile enza ukuqapha izinambuzane nezifo kube nzima kakhulu, kunciphisa amathuba okusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumkhawulo. Ngakho-ke, zombili izinhlelo zibhekene nezingcindezi ezihlukile ezingasiza noma zivimbele ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kumkhawulo. Njengoba cishe zonke izifundo ekuhlaziyweni kwethu kwe-meta zenziwa ezindaweni lapho imikhawulo yezibulala-zinambuzane yayisusiwe khona, akumangazi ukuthi sibone amanani aqinile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwethu kukhombisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe emkhawulweni zinganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezindleko ezihlobene nazo, kodwa akucaci ukuthi abakhiqizi bezolimo bayazuza yini ngempela kuzo. Izifundo ezifakwe ekuhlaziyweni kwethu kwe-meta zahlukahluka kakhulu ezincazelweni zazo zezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane "ezijwayelekile", kusukela emikhubeni yesifunda kuya ezinhlelweni zekhalenda ezilula. Ngakho-ke, imiphumela emihle esiyibika lapha ingase ingabonakali ngokugcwele okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kwabakhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize sibhale phansi ukonga okukhulu kwezindleko ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane okuncishisiwe, izifundo zokuqala ngokuvamile azizange zicabangele izindleko zokuhlolwa kwensimu. Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo zezomnotho eziphelele zezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe emkhawulweni zingase zibe ngaphansi kancane kunemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwethu. Kodwa-ke, zonke izifundo ezibike izindleko zokuhlolwa kwensimu zibhale phansi izindleko zokukhiqiza ezincishisiwe ngenxa yokunciphisa izindleko zezibulala-zinambuzane. Ukuqapha njalo nokuhlolwa kwensimu kungaba yinselele kubakhiqizi abamatasa kanye nabaphathi bamapulazi (i-US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2004).
Imingcele yezomnotho idlala indima ebalulekile emqondweni wokuphathwa kwezinambuzane okuhlanganisiwe (i-IPM), futhi abacwaningi sebebike isikhathi eside ngezinzuzo ezinhle zezinhlelo zokufaka izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-threshold. Ucwaningo lwethu lukhombisile ukuthi ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ze-arthropod kubalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi, njengoba izifundo ezingama-94% zibonisa ukwehla kwesivuno sezitshalo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngokuhlakanipha kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yezolimo eqhubekayo yesikhathi eside. Sithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okusekelwe ku-threshold kulawula ngempumelelo umonakalo we-arthropod ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivuno sezitshalo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokufaka izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe kukhalenda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okusekelwe ku-threshold kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngaphezu kwama-40%.OkunyeUkuhlolwa okukhulu kwamaphethini okusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane emapulazini aseFrance kanye nokuhlolwa kokulawulwa kwezifo zezitshalo kubonise nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kungancishiswa ngokuthi40-50% ngaphandle kokuthinta isivuno. Le miphumela igcizelela isidingo sokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemingcele emisha yokuphathwa kwezinambuzane kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza zokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo kukhuphuka, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuzoqhubeka nokusongela izinhlelo zemvelo, okuhlanganisa nokuzwela kakhulu futhi okuwusizo.izindawo zokuhlalaKodwa-ke, ukwamukelwa kabanzi kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela izibulala-zinambuzane kunganciphisa le miphumela, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukusimama kanye nobungane bezolimo emvelweni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-04-2025