Izibulala-zinambuzane ezibangelwa amagciwane zibhekisela ezibulala-zinambuzane ezitholakala ngebhayoloji ezisebenzisa amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, amagciwane, i-protozoa, noma izinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo njengezithako ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela nokulawula izinto eziphilayo eziyingozi njengezifo, izinambuzane, utshani, kanye namagundane. Kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amabhaktheriya ukulawula izinambuzane, ukusebenzisa amabhaktheriya ukulawula amabhaktheriya, kanye nokusebenzisa amabhaktheriya ukhula. Lolu hlobo lwesibulala-zinambuzane lunokukhetha okunamandla, luphephile kubantu, emfuyweni, ezitshalweni, kanye nasemvelweni yemvelo, alulimazi izitha zemvelo, futhi aluthambekeli ekumelaneni.
Ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezincane kuzofeza ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo esezingeni eliphezulu nephephile, kuthuthukise inani elengeziwe kwezomnotho lemikhiqizo yezolimo, kwandise imakethe yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe imikhiqizo yezolimo yaseShayina kanye nemikhiqizo eseceleni, futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni eziluhlaza. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezincane, njengenye yezinto ezidingekayo zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezolimo engenakungcola, zizoba nesidingo esikhulu semakethe esikhathini esizayo sokuvimbela nokulawula izifo nezinambuzane zezitshalo.
Ngakho-ke, ukusheshisa intuthuko, ukwenziwa kwezimboni, kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukunciphisa izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane emikhiqizweni yezolimo kanye nokungcola endaweni yezolimo, ukufeza ukulawulwa okusimeme kwezifo ezinkulu zezitshalo kanye nezinambuzane, kanye nokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulu sobuchwepheshe bezolimo ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo yezolimo engenakungcola eShayina, kuzoletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zomphakathi, ezomnotho, kanye nezemvelo ngokungenakugwenywa.
Isiqondiso sentuthuko:
1. Inhlabathi yokulawula izifo nezinambuzane
Kufanele kwenziwe ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngenhlabathi evimbela izifo nezinambuzane. Le nhlabathi ehlala iqinile ivimbela amabhaktheriya abangela izifo ukuthi asinde kanye nezinambuzane ukuthi zingalimazi.
2. Ukulawulwa kokhula okuphilayo
Ukulawulwa kokhula ngebhayoloji ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezidla uhlaza noma amagciwane abangela izifo ezitshalweni anohlu oluthile lomninimzi ukulawula inqwaba yokhula ethinta amandla omnotho wabantu ngaphansi komkhawulo wokulimala komnotho. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa kokhula ngamakhemikhali, ukulawulwa kokhula ngebhayoloji kunezinzuzo zokungangcolisi imvelo, ukungabi nomonakalo wezidakamizwa, kanye nezinzuzo eziphezulu kwezomnotho. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwethulwa ngempumelelo kwezitha zemvelo kungaxazulula inkinga yomonakalo wotshani unomphela.
3. Ama-microorganisms aklanywe ngofuzo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo ngama-microorganisms akhiwe ngezakhi zofuzo belusebenza kakhulu, futhi lungene esigabeni esisebenzayo ngaphambi kwezitshalo eziklanywe ngezakhi zofuzo ukuze kutholakale izifo kanye nokumelana nezinambuzane. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubonisa amandla amakhulu e-biotechnology okuthuthukisa izakhi zofuzo zama-microorganisms alawulwa yi-bio futhi kubeka isisekelo socwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esisha sama-microbial pesticides.
4. Izifo eziguqulwe ngofuzo kanye nezitshalo ezimelana nezinambuzane
Izifo ezithathelwana ngofuzo kanye nezitshalo ezingamelani nezinambuzane zivule izindlela ezintsha zokulawula izinambuzane. Ngo-1985, ososayensi baseMelika bafaka i-coat protein gene (cp) yegciwane le-mosaic likagwayi kugwayi olusengozini, kanti izitshalo ezithathelwana ngofuzo zandisa ukumelana kwazo negciwane. Le ndlela yokuthola ukumelana nezifo ngokudlulisela i-CP gene kamuva yaphumelela ezitshalweni eziningi ezifana notamatisi, amazambane, ubhontshisi, kanye nelayisi. Kungabonakala ukuthi lolu ucwaningo oluthembisayo kakhulu lwe-bioengineering.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-21-2023