Imakethe ye-agrobiological inputs yaseBrazil igcine ukukhula okusheshayo eminyakeni yamuva nje.Esimweni sokuqwashisa okwengeziwe ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuthandwa kwemiqondo yokulima okusimeme, nokusekelwa okuqinile kwenqubomgomo kahulumeni, iBrazil kancane kancane iba isikhungo esibalulekile semakethe nokusungula izinto ezintsha ze-bio-agricultural inputs, eheha izinkampani zomhlaba wonke ze-bio-izinkampani ukuthi zisungule imisebenzi we bafowethu.
Isimo samanje semakethe ye-biopesticide eBrazil
Ngo-2023, indawo yokutshala yezitshalo zaseBrazil yafinyelela kumahektha ayizigidi ezingu-81.82, okuyisitshalo esikhulu kunazo zonke ubhontshisi wesoya, ohlanganisa u-52% wendawo yonke etshaliwe, kulandelwa ummbila wasebusika, umoba kanye nommbila wasehlobo.Ezweni layo elikhulu elilimekayo, iBrazilisibulala-zinambuzaneimakethe ifinyelele cishe ku-$20 billion (ukusetshenziswa kokuphela kwepulazi) ngo-2023, izibulala-zinambuzane zesoya zibalwa njengengxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yenani lemakethe (58%) kanye nemakethe ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu eminyakeni emithathu edlule.
Isabelo sama-biopesticides emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane eBrazil sisephansi kakhulu, kodwa sikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, sikhula sisuka ku-1% ngo-2018 siye ku-4% ngo-2023 eminyakeni emihlanu nje kuphela, ngenani lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lama-38%, kude. ukweqa izinga lokukhula elingu-12% lezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali.
Ngo-2023, imakethe yezwe ye-biopesticide yafinyelela inani lemakethe lama- $ 800 wezigidi ekugcineni komlimi.Phakathi kwazo, ngokwesigaba, i-biological nematocides iyisigaba somkhiqizo esikhulu kunazo zonke (ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa kubhontshisi wesoya nomoba);Isigaba sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonkeizibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo, kulandele ama-microbial agents kanye nama-biocides;I-CAGR ephezulu kakhulu enanini lemakethe esikhathini sika-2018-2023 ingeye-biological nematocides, efika ku-52%.Ngokuphathelene nezitshalo ezisetshenzisiwe, isabelo se-biopesticides kabhontshisi wesoya kulo lonke inani lemakethe liphezulu kakhulu, lifinyelela ku-55% ngo-2023;Ngaso leso sikhathi, ubhontshisi wesoya nawo uyisitshalo esinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokusetshenziswa kwama-biopesticides, lapho u-88% wendawo etshaliwe esebenzisa imikhiqizo enjalo ngo-2023. Ummbila wasebusika kanye nomoba kuyizitshalo zesibili nesithathu ngobukhulu ngokwenani lemakethe ngokulandelana.Inani lemakethe lalezi zitshalo linyukile eminyakeni emithathu edlule.
Kunomehluko ezigabeni eziyinhloko zama-biopesticides kulezi zitshalo ezibalulekile.Inani lemakethe elikhulu lama-soya biopesticides ama-nematocides ebhayoloji, afinyelela ku-43% ngo-2023. Izigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisetshenziswa kummbila wasebusika kanye nommbila wasehlobo izibulala-zinambuzane zemvelo, ezibalelwa ku-66% kanye no-75% yenani lemakethe lezibulala-zinambuzane zebhayoloji kulezi ezimbili. izinhlobo zezitshalo, ngokulandelana (ikakhulukazi ezokulawula izinambuzane ezihlabayo).Isigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke somkhiqizo womoba ama-nematocides ebhayoloji, athatha ingxenye yemakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane zomoba ezingaphezu kwengxenye yemakethe.
Mayelana nendawo yokusetshenziswa, ishadi elilandelayo libonisa izithako eziyisishiyagalolunye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ingxenye yendawo eselashwayo ezitshalweni ezahlukene, kanye nendawo eqongelelwayo yokusetshenziswa onyakeni owodwa.Phakathi kwazo, i-Trichoderma iyisakhi esisebenzayo esikhulu kunazo zonke, esisetshenziswa kumahektha ayizigidi ezingu-8.87 ezitshalweni ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi ekulinyweni kukabhontshisi wesoya.Lokhu kwalandelwa iBeauveria bassiana (amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-6.845), eyayisetshenziswa kakhulu kummbila wasebusika.Eziyisishiyagalombili zalezi zithako eziyisishiyagalolunye eziyinhloko azikwazi ukumelana nemvelo, futhi ama-parasitoid awukuphela kwezinambuzane eziyizitha zemvelo (zonke ezisetshenziswa ekulimeni umoba).Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani lezi zithako ezisebenzayo zithengiswa kahle:
I-Trichoderma, i-Beauveria bassiana ne-Bacillus amylus: amabhizinisi okukhiqiza angaphezu kwama-50, ahlinzeka ngemakethe enhle kanye nokuhlinzeka;
I-Rhodospore: ukwanda okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kokuvela kwe-corn leafhopper, indawo yokwelapha yomkhiqizo engamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-11 ngo-2021, namahektha ayizigidi ezingu-30 ngo-2024 emmbila wasebusika;
Iminyovu eyiParasitic: inesimo sesikhathi eside esizinzile kumoba, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni ibhore moba;
I-Metarhizium anisopliae: Ukukhula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kwezigameko ze-nematodes kanye nokusulwa kokubhaliswa kwe-carbofuran (ikhemikhali eyinhloko yokulawula ama-nematode).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-15-2024