Abalimi abaningi baye babhekana nobuthi be-phytotoxicity lapho besebenzisa i-mancozeb ngenxa yokukhetha okungafanele komkhiqizo noma isikhathi sokusetshenziswa esingafanele, umthamo, kanye nemvamisa. Amacala amancane abangela ukulimala kwamaqabunga, i-photosynthesis ebuthaka, kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo okungekuhle. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amabala emithi (amabala ansundu, amabala aphuzi, amabala anetha, njll.) akheka ebusweni bezithelo kanye nobuso beqabunga, futhi abangele ngisho namachashazi ezithelo amakhulu, ubuso bezithelo eziqinile, kanye nokugqwala kwezithelo, okuthinta kakhulu inani lezentengiselwano lezithelo, okubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kubalimi. Ngamafuphi, kutholakale ukuthi izizathu eziyinhloko zobuthi be-phytotoxicity yilezi ezilandelayo:
1. Imikhiqizo ye-mancozeb engafaneleki iholela ekwandeni okukhulu kobuthi obuvela emvelweni.
I-mancozeb efanelekile kufanele ibe yi-manganese-zinc complex ye-i-mancozeb acidokukhiqizwa yinqubo yokuguquguquka kokushisa. Kukhona amabhizinisi amancane kanye nabaqambi bomgunyathi emakethe abamikhiqizo yabo ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi i-mancozeb empeleni. Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwemishini yokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe, ingxenye encane kuphela yemikhiqizo yala mabhizinisi amancane engahlanganiswa ibe yi-mancozeb, futhi iningi layo liyingxube ye-mancozeb kanye nosawoti we-zinc. Le mikhiqizo inombala ofiphele, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kokungcola, futhi ithambekele ekuwohlokeni lapho ivezwa umswakama nokushisa. Ukusebenzisa le mikhiqizo kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangele ubuthi be-phytotoxicity. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-mancozeb ephansi ngesikhathi sesigaba sezithelo ezincane zama-apula kungathinta ukufakwa kwe-wax ebusweni bezithelo, kubangele umonakalo esikhumbeni sezithelo futhi kuholele ezindaweni eziyindilinga ze-phytotoxicity, ezikhula njengoba izithelo zikhula.
2. Ukuxuba izibulala-zinambuzane ngokungaboni kuthinta ukuphepha kokusetshenziswa kwe-mancozeb.
Uma kuhlanganiswa izibulala-zinambuzane, izici eziningi ezifana nezithako ezisebenzayo, izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, imiphumela yokulawula, kanye nezinambuzane eziqondiwe kufanele kucatshangelwe. Ukuxuba okungaboni akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi kwandisa nengozi yobuthi be-phytotoxicity. Isibonelo, umkhuba ovamile wokuxuba i-mancozeb nezibulala-zinambuzane ze-alkaline noma ama-compounds ensimbi esindayo aqukethe ithusi kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-mancozeb. Ukuxuba i-mancozeb nemikhiqizo ye-phosphate kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwama-flocculent precipitates kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen sulfide.
3. Ukukhetha isikhathi sokufafaza okungafanele kanye nokulungiswa okungahleliwe kokuhlushwa kokufafaza kwandisa ingozi yokuba nobuthi obuyingozi.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, abalimi abaningi bathanda ukunciphisa isilinganiso sokuxubana nokugxila okuchazwe emiyalweni noma ngisho nokusebenzisa ukugxilisa okuphezulu kakhulu kunalokhu okunconywayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuba yingozi empilweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalimi baxuba izibulala-zinambuzane eziningi ukuze kube nemiphumela yokusebenzisana, benaka kuphela amagama okuhweba ahlukene kodwa bengazinaki izithako ezisebenzayo nokuqukethwe kwazo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxuba, umthamo wesithako esifanayo esisebenzayo uyaqongelela, futhi ukugxilisa kwesibulala-zinambuzane kuyanda ngokungaqondile, kudlule ukugxilisa okuphephile futhi kubangele ubuthi empilweni. Ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu kwandisa umsebenzi wesibulala-zinambuzane. Ukufutha izibulala-zinambuzane ezigxilisa kakhulu kwandisa ingozi yokuba yingozi empilweni.
4. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ithinta ukuphepha kwe-mancozeb.
Ukucwebezela, izinga lokumiswa, imfanelo yokumanzisa, kanye nokunamathela kwezinhlayiya ze-mancozeb kuthinta ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha komkhiqizo. Imikhiqizo ye-mancozeb yamanye amabhizinisi inokuntuleka kwezinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokucwebezela, izinga lokumiswa, kanye nemfanelo yokumanzisa ngenxa yemikhawulo yenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwangempela, isimo sokufakwa kwezinhlayiya kanye nokuthungwa kwenhlabathi okuvimba umlomo wombhobho sivamile. Ukuthungwa kwe-pesticide ngesikhathi sokufutha kubangela ukugxilisa okungahambisani ngesikhathi senqubo yokufutha, okuholela ekungasebenzeni kahle kokugxilisa okuphansi kanye nobuthi be-phytotoxicity ekugxilweni okuphezulu. Ukunamathela okubi kwe-pesticide, kuhlanganiswe namanzi amaningi asetshenziselwa ukufutha, kubangela ukuthi i-pesticide ingasabalali kahle ebusweni beqabunga, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwesisombululo se-pesticide eziqongweni zeqabunga kanye nobuso bezithelo, okuholela ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwendawo kanye nezindawo ezinobuthi be-phytotoxicity.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-22-2025