1. I-Brassinosteroids ikhona kakhulu embusweni wezitshalo
Ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izitshalo kancane kancane zakha amanethiwekhi okulawula ama-hormone e-endogenous ukuphendula ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo.Phakathi kwazo, i-brassinoids iwuhlobo lwama-phytosterols anomsebenzi wokukhuthaza ukwelulwa kwamaseli.Zivame ukutholakala kuwo wonke izitshalo zezitshalo kusukela ezitshalweni eziphansi kuye kweziphakeme, futhi inqwaba yama-analog e-brassinoids atholakele.
2. Ama-brassinoids emvelo "awukhiye" ongcono kakhulu wokuvula indlela ye-endogenous brassinoids.
Ama-brassinoid emvelo atholakala ikakhulukazi ezimbali nasembewu, alawula ukuthuthukiswa kokuzala, ukuvuthwa kwembewu, ukukhuthaza ukunwetshwa kwesiqu kanye ne-root morphology, futhi adlala indima enhle ekuphikiseni izitshalo ekucindezelekeni [3, 5].I-brassinoids yokuqala eyakhiwe isakhiwo sayo kwakuyi-brassinolide BL (Umfanekiso 1-1).Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwayo kwemvelo kuphansi kakhulu futhi ukukhishwa kwezimboni akukwazi ukwenzeka.Lokhu kuye kwaphumela ochungechungeni lwezinye izindlela zokwenziwa.Izitshalo ziqaphela ukuzwa kwe-hormone nokuphendula ngesimiso "sokhiye nokhiye", futhi ama-brassinoids emvelo "ayisihluthulelo" esingcono kakhulu sokuvula umnyango wempendulo ye-brassinoids.Zinobudlelwane obuqinile nama-receptors futhi zisebenza kakhulu kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-brassinolide zokwenziwa.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-exogenous kwama-brassinoid emvelo kungazwakala ngokushesha futhi kudonswe izitshalo, kugcwalise ngempumelelo ukuhlanganiswa okunganele kwama-brassinoids angapheli okubangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, okuvumela amaseli ukuba aphendule ngokushesha, ngomsebenzi ophezulu, akukho ukwenqatshwa, nokuphepha okuphezulu.
I-14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Umfanekiso 2), njenge-analog entsha ye-brassinosteroid ku-pollen ye-rapeseed, ingakhishwa futhi icwengwe ngamaqoqo kusetshenziswa izincibilikisi ezinobungani bemvelo.Kuyinto yokuqala ye-brassinosteroid yemvelo ukuqaphela ukukhiqizwa kwe-green extraction..I-14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid ihlukaniswa njengenobuthi obuncane noma ubuthi obuphansi esigabeni sobuthi besibulala-zinambuzane saseShayina.Isilinganiso semvelo esinobuthi sinobuthi obuphansi futhi sonakala kalula, futhi ukuhlolwa kwengozi yemvelo kuphansi (RQ<1).Kuyingozi kubantu nakubantu.Imvelo kanye ne-biosafety, iwukuphela komkhiqizo wezitshalo osekelwe ezitshalweni ezweni othole “isitifiketi sempahla yokukhiqiza ukudla okuluhlaza” kanye nesitifiketi se-organic input yase-United States.
3. Umkhuba wokufaka isicelo ufakazela ukuthi ama-brassinoids emvelo angakhuthaza isivuno esikhulu futhi andise imali engenayo
(1) Thuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali futhi ulondoloze izimbali nezithelo
Isivuno kanye nezinga lezihlahla zezithelo kuhlobene eduze nokuthuthukiswa kwezitho zezimbali.Ukufafaza ama-brassinoid emvelo ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwezimbali kanye nesiteji sezithelo ezincane, noma ukwengeza inani elithile lama-brassinoid emvelo ngesikhathi sokupholisa okuzenzela kungakhuphula kakhulu inani nekhwalithi yezimbali zezihlahla zezithelo futhi kunciphise izimbali ezikhubazekile.Ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwempova, ikhuphule izinga lokumiswa kwezithelo, futhi inciphise ukwehla kwembali nezithelo, futhi iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi ekutshaleni nasekukhiqizeni izihlahla eziningi zezithelo ezifana ne-kiwi, i-citrus, i-apula, ne-jujube.
I-Kiwifruit ingumvini ojwayelekile we-dioecious.Emsebenzini wokukhiqiza, impova yokwenziwa kufanele isetshenziselwe ukwandisa impova kanye namazinga okubeka izithelo.Lapho ngaphezu kwe-2/3 yaso sonke isihlahla sesiqhakazile, sebenzisa impushana ye-brassinoids yemvelo exutshwe nempova ngesilinganiso esingu-1/50 ukuze uthole impova yokwenziwa yamaphuzu noma isixazululo esinamanzi semvelo se-brassinoids esihlanjululwe izikhathi ezingu-2500 ukuze kufakwe impova, engakhuphula kakhulu ukulungiselelwa kwesithelo. izinga kiwifruit futhi ukhuthaze Okuqukethwe uvithamini C kanye trace izakhi esithelweni ngokuphawulekayo ngcono isitoreji kanye izinto zokuhamba kanye umsoco of kiwi izithelo.(Umfanekiso 3-4) [6].Ngesikhathi sesigaba sesithelo esincane se-kiwifruit, i-ejenti ehlanganisiwe ye-brassinoids yemvelo, i-gibberellin, ne-auxin ingaphinda ifuthwe, engakhuthaza kakhulu ukwanda okusheshayo nokukhula kwezithelo ezincane, okuholela ekubunjweni kwezithelo ezincane kanye nokwanda okungama-20% -30%. ngesisindo esisodwa sesithelo.
Ukwehla kwesithelo esingokwemvelo se-citrus kubi kakhulu, futhi izinga lokumiswa kwesithelo livamise ukuba ngu-2% -3% kuphela.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuqhakaza kwezimbali futhi kwandiswe izinga lokumiswa kwezithelo, ithonsi yezithelo zemvelo isetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, izimbali ezi-2/3 sezibunile, kanye nezinsuku ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-7 ngaphambi kokuwa kwesibili kwesithelo sokuphila.Ukufafazwa kwe-brassinoids + gibberellic acid kungakhuphula izinga lokumiswa kwezithelo ze-citrus ngo-20% (i-Guangxi Sugar Orange).Izithelo ezincane neziqu zezithelo ziphenduka zibe luhlaza kusasele izinsuku ezintathu, kanti izinga lezithelo ezikhubazekile liphansi.
(2) Shintsha umbala, ukhulise ushukela, futhi uthuthukise izinga lezithelo
Ukunambitheka kwasebuntwaneni kwesithelo kumelela isilinganiso esiphezulu se-sugar-acid esigabeni esivuthiwe kanye nokunotha kwamavithamini kanye nezakhi zokulandelela.Ezigabeni zokuqala zokushintshwa kombala wezithelo, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwama-brassinoids emvelo + umanyolo we-potassium foliar ophezulu ofuthwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kuso sonke isihlahla kungasheshisa ukumuncwa nokuguqulwa kwezakhi, kuthuthukise i-photosynthesis, kukhuthaze ukunqwabelana kukashukela, futhi kukhuthaze ama-acids e-organic njenge-citric acid. kanye ne-malic acid.I-quasi-degradation iguqulwa ibe amavithamini, ama-flavonoid nezinye izakhi, okwandisa isilinganiso se-sugar-acid kanye nokuqoqwa kwezinto zokunambitheka.Iphinde ibe nomthelela wokukhuthaza ikhasi elithambile kanye nokulungisa isimo sesithelo.
(3) Ukucwiliswa kanye nokugcotshwa kwembewu yezitshalo zasensimini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kanye nemali engenayo.
Izinga kanye nesivuno sezitshalo zokudla kuhlobene eduze nezimo zemvelo.Ama-brassinoid emvelo anemiphumela ebalulekile yokumelana nezingcindezi ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, isomiso, umonakalo owenziwe yiqhwa, kanye nosawoti phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokukhula kwezilimo zokudla.Okokuqala nje, ukugqoka izimbewu, ukumboza nokunye ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kungathuthukisa ukumila kwezitshalo futhi kuqinise izithombo (Umfanekiso 9).Okwesibili, ukufafaza ama-brassinoid emvelo izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngezikhathi ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezifana nokuphulwa, ukuqhakaza, nokugcwaliswa okusanhlamvu kungamelana nezingcindezi ezihlukahlukene zobunzima futhi kwandise isivuno sezitshalo zokudla.Ama-brassinoid emvelo akhuthazwe ezweni lonke ukulawula ukukhula kukakolweni nokwandisa isivuno, okubandakanya izindawo zokuhlola eziyi-11 ezindaweni ezikhiqiza ukolweni ezinkulu ezifana ne-Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, kanye ne-Jiangsu, ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwesivuno esingu-13.28%, okukhona kuzo Ukukhula kwesivuno sikaShanxi kufinyelele ku-22.36%.
(4) Thuthukisa ukumuncwa kwezakhi futhi ukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwemifino
Sebenzisa isixazululo samanzi se-brassinosteroid esingu-0.0075% esihlanjululwe izikhathi ezingu-2500 futhi sifuthwe emaqabunga aphezulu emifino izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kwezitshalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezakhi, kuthuthukise i-photosynthesis, futhi kukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwemifino.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi ibonise ukuthi ezinsukwini ezingu-6 ngemva kokufuthwa kwamaqabunga, indawo yamaqabunga e-pakchoi eqenjini lokwelapha le-brassinosteroid yemvelo inyuke ngo-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula amanzi acacile.
(5) Isebenza ngempumelelo ekuvimbeleni ukubanda nokubanda
"Ukubanda kwentwasahlobo yakamuva" kuwukucindezeleka okuvamile kwentwasahlobo, okuthinta ngokuqondile isivuno sezitshalo.Fafaza u-8-15ml we-brassinoids yemvelo + umsoco omusha we-potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar ezinsukwini ezingu-2-4 ngaphambili, ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngemva kwalokho, kanye nezinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngemva kokulimala kwamakhaza noma umonakalo oyiqhwa ukuze uthuthukise ukumelana kwezitshalo emonakalweni obandayo noma emonakalweni oyiqhwa. .Izitshalo eziqandisiwe ziqala kabusha ukukhula ngokushesha.Amakhaza asekupheleni kwentwasahlobo azolimaza ngaphezu kwama-60% ama-cherry calyces.Ama-brassinoid emvelo + ukwelashwa komanyolo we-potassium foliar aphezulu kunganciphisa kakhulu izinga lomonakalo ngo-40% futhi kuqinisekise ukuvuthwa okuvamile.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo, isistimu ye-photosynthetic yezitshalo yonakaliswa futhi i-photosynthesis ayikwazi ukuqedwa ngokujwayelekile, okuthinta kakhulu ukukhula kwezitshalo.Ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zikatamatisi zibhekane nengcindezi ebanda kakhulu, fafaza isitshalo sonke ngokuhlanjululwa okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2000 komsoco wemvelo we-brassinosterol + amino acid foliar ukuze uvule imisebenzi ye-peroxidase (POD) kanye ne-catalase (CAT).Susa ukucindezeleka okwedlulele ama-radicals angenawo umoya-mpilo kutamatisi ukuvikela uhlelo lwe-photosynthetic lwezithombo zikatamatisi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ebandayo futhi ukhuthaze ukululama ngokushesha ngemva kokucindezeleka.
(6) Ukukhipha ukhula okuhlangene, ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuphepha
Ama-brassinoid emvelo angahlanganisa ngokushesha izinga le-basal metabolic lezitshalo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nemithi yokubulala ukhula, ingakhuthaza ukumuncwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwezidakamizwa ngokhula futhi kuthuthukise umphumela wokubulala ukhula;ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zibonakala ziyingozi, i-brassicas yemvelo kufanele iphinde isetshenziswe ngesikhathi Ihomoni ingakwazi ukwenza kusebenze indlela yokukhishwa kwezitshalo, isheshise i-detoxification yemetabolism yezibulala-zinambuzane emzimbeni, futhi ikhuthaze ukubuyiswa kwezitshalo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-19-2024