1. Ama-Brassinosteroids atholakala kabanzi embusweni wezitshalo
Ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izitshalo kancane kancane zakha amanethiwekhi okulawula ama-hormone emvelo ukuze ziphendule ezingcindezini ezahlukahlukene zemvelo. Phakathi kwazo, ama-brassinoid awuhlobo lwama-phytosterol anomsebenzi wokukhuthaza ukunwebeka kwamaseli. Avame ukutholakala embusweni wonke wezitshalo kusukela ezitshalweni eziphansi kuya kweziphezulu, futhi kuye kwatholakala ama-analogue amaningi e-brassinoid.
2. Ama-brassinoid emvelo “ayisihluthulelo” esingcono kakhulu sokuvula indlela yama-brassinoid emvelo.
Ama-brassinoid emvelo akhona kakhulu ezimbalini nasezimbewini, alawula ukuthuthukiswa kokuzala, ukuvuthwa kwembewu, akhuthaza ukunwebeka kwesiqu kanye nokwakheka kwezimpande, futhi adlala indima enhle ekumelaneni kwezitshalo nokucindezeleka [3, 5]. Ama-brassinoid okuqala isakhiwo sawo esatholakala kwakuyi-brassinolide BL (Isithombe 1-1). Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwawo kwemvelo kuphansi kakhulu futhi ukukhishwa kwezimboni akukwazi ukufezeka. Lokhu kuholele ochungechungeni lwezinye izindlela zokwenziwa. Izitshalo zibona ukuzwa kwama-hormone kanye nokusabela ngesimiso "sokukhiya nokhiye", kanti ama-brassinoid emvelo "ayisihluthulelo" esihle kakhulu sokuvula umnyango wempendulo yama-brassinoid. Anesibopho esinamandla nama-receptor futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu kune-brassinolides ahlukahlukene okwenziwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwama-brassinoid emvelo kungazwakala ngokushesha futhi kumuncwe izitshalo, kunezela ngempumelelo ukwakheka okunganele kwama-brassinoid emvelo okubangelwa yizici ezahlukahlukene, okuvumela amaseli ukuthi aphendule ngokushesha, ngomsebenzi ophezulu, akukho ukwenqatshwa, kanye nokuphepha okuphezulu.
I-14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Isithombe 2), njenge-analog entsha ye-brassinosteroid ku-pollen ye-rapeseed, ingakhishwa futhi ihlanzwe ngamaqoqo kusetshenziswa izinyibilikisi ezinobungani nemvelo. Yi-brassinosteroid yokuqala yemvelo eyenze izimboni zokukhipha okuluhlaza zanda. . I-14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid ihlukaniswa njengenobuthi obuncane noma obuphansi kakhulu ekuhlukanisweni kobuthi bezibulala-zinambuzane zaseShayina. Isilinganiso sobuthi bemvelo sinobuthi obuphansi futhi sibola kalula, kanti ukuhlolwa kwengozi yempilo yezemvelo kuphansi (RQ<1). Kuyingozi kubantu nakubantu. Ukuphepha kwezemvelo kanye ne-biosafety, kuwukuphela komkhiqizo wezithasiselo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni ezweni othole "isitifiketi sezinto zokukhiqiza ukudla okuluhlaza" sikazwelonke kanye nesitifiketi sokufakwa kwezinto eziphilayo sase-United States.
3. Umkhuba wokusebenzisa ufakazela ukuthi ama-brassinoid emvelo angakhuthaza isivuno esikhulu futhi andise imali engenayo
(1) Khuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamahlumela ezimbali futhi ulondoloze izimbali nezithelo
Isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezihlahla zezithelo kuhlobene kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwezitho zezimbali. Ukufutha ama-brassinoids emvelo ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuhlukanisa amahlumela ezimbali kanye nesigaba sezithelo ezincane, noma ukwengeza inani elithile lama-brassinoids emvelo ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwempova kungandisa kakhulu inani kanye nekhwalithi yezimbali zezihlahla zezithelo futhi kunciphise izimbali ezikhubazekile. Kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwenziwa kwempova, kwandise izinga lokubekwa kwezithelo, futhi kunciphise ukwehla kwezimbali nezithelo, futhi kusetshenziswe kabanzi ekutshalweni nasekukhiqizweni kwezihlahla eziningi zezithelo ezifana ne-kiwi, i-citrus, i-apula, kanye ne-jujube.
I-Kiwifruit iyisivini esivamile se-dioecious. Ekwenzeni kokukhiqiza, ukuvundiswa kwempova okwenziwayo kumele kusetshenziswe ukwandisa ukuvundiswa kwempova kanye namazinga okubekwa kwezithelo. Uma ngaphezu kwe-2/3 yesihlahla sonke sesiqhakazile, sebenzisa i-powder ye-brassinoid yemvelo exutshwe nempova ngesilinganiso esingu-1/50 sokwenziwa kwempova noma isixazululo samanzi se-brassinoid yemvelo esixutshwe izikhathi ezingu-2500 sokufakwa kwempova okufuthwayo, okungakhulisa kakhulu izinga lokubekwa kwezithelo ze-kiwifruit futhi kukhuthaze Okuqukethwe kwe-vitamin C kanye nezinto ezilandelanayo esithelweni kuthuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zokugcina nezokuthutha kanye nenani lokudla okunomsoco wesithelo se-kiwi. (Isithombe 3-4)[6]. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sesithelo esincane se-kiwifruit, i-ejenti ehlanganisiwe ye-brassinoid yemvelo, i-gibberellin, kanye ne-auxin ingafuthwa futhi, okungakhuthaza kakhulu ukukhula okusheshayo kwezithelo ezincane, okuholela ekumeni kwesithelo esincane kanye nokwanda okungu-20%-30% kwesisindo sesithelo esisodwa.
Ukwehla kwezithelo zemvelo ze-citrus kuyinto enkulu, futhi izinga lokubekwa kwezithelo livame ukuba ngu-2%-3%. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokuqhakaza nokwandisa izinga lokubekwa kwezithelo, ukwehla kwezithelo zemvelo kusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, u-2/3 wezimbali usuphelile, kanye nezinsuku ezi-5 kuya kwezingu-7 ngaphambi kokwehla kwesibili kwezithelo zemvelo. Ukufuthwa kwe-brassinoids + i-gibberellic acid kungandisa izinga lokubekwa kwezithelo ze-citrus ngo-20% (i-Guangxi Sugar Orange). Izithelo ezincane neziqu zezithelo ziba luhlaza ezinsukwini ezintathu kusengaphambili, kanti izinga lezithelo ezikhubazekile liphansi.
(2) Shintsha umbala, wandise ushukela, futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yezithelo
Ukunambitheka kwezithelo ebuntwaneni kumelela isilinganiso esiphezulu sikashukela-asidi esigabeni sokuvuthwa kanye nokuceba kwamavithamini kanye nezinto ezilandelanayo. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokushintsha kombala wezithelo, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwama-brassinoid emvelo + umanyolo we-foliar one-potassium ephezulu ofuthwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kulo lonke isihlahla kungasheshisa ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba kanye nokuguqulwa, kuthuthukise i-photosynthesis, kukhuthaze ukuqongelela ushukela, futhi kukhuthaze ama-acid e-organic njenge-citric acid kanye ne-malic acid. Ukuwohloka kwe-quasi-concentration kuguqulwa kube amavithamini, ama-flavonoid kanye nezinye izakhamzimba, kwandisa isilinganiso sikashukela-asidi kanye nokuqongelela kwezinto zokunambitheka. Kuphinde kube nomphumela wokukhuthaza uqweqwe oluthambile nokulungisa ukuma kwesithelo.
(3) Ukucwilisa nokufaka imbewu yezitshalo zasensimini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokukhula komkhiqizo kanye nemali engenayo.
Ikhwalithi kanye nesivuno sezitshalo zokudla kuhlobene kakhulu nezimo zemvelo. Ama-brassinoid emvelo anemiphumela ebalulekile ekumelaneni nokucindezeleka okufana nokushisa okuphezulu, isomiso, umonakalo weqhwa, kanye nosawoti phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhula kwezitshalo zokudla. Okokuqala, ukugqoka imbewu, ukumboza kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kungathuthukisa ukufana kokuvela kwezitshalo futhi kuqinise izithombo (Isithombe 9). Okwesibili, ukufafaza ama-brassinoid emvelo izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngezikhathi ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo njengokuphuka, ukuqhakaza, kanye nokugcwaliswa kokusanhlamvu kungamelana nokucindezeleka okuhlukahlukene kobunzima futhi kwandise isivuno sezitshalo zokudla. Ama-brassinoid emvelo akhuthazwe ezweni lonke ukulawula ukukhula kukakolweni nokwandisa isivuno, okubandakanya izindawo zokuhlola ezingu-11 ezindaweni ezinkulu ezikhiqiza ukolweni njengeHenan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, kanye neJiangsu, ngokukhula kwesivuno okumaphakathi okungu-13.28%, okwathi ukwanda kwesivuno seShanxi kwafinyelela ku-22.36%.
(4) Thuthukisa ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba futhi ukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwemifino
Sebenzisa isixazululo samanzi se-brassinosteroid semvelo esingu-0.0075% esixutshwe izikhathi ezingu-2500 bese ufafazwa emaqabungeni aphezulu emifino izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kwezitshalo nokusetshenziswa kwezakhamzimba, uthuthukise i-photosynthesis, futhi ukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwemifino. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi ikhombisile ukuthi ezinsukwini eziyi-6 ngemva kokufuthwa kwamaqabunga, indawo yamaqabunga e-pakchoi eqenjini lokwelashwa kwe-brassinosteroid yemvelo yanda ngo-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile.
(5) Isebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni ukubanda nokubanda
“Ukushisa kwentwasahlobo okuphelile” kuyingcindezi evamile engathandeki yasentwasahlobo, ethinta ngqo isivuno sezitshalo. Futha u-8-15ml we-brassinoids yemvelo + i-potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar nutrition entsha ezinsukwini ezingu-2-4 ngaphambi, ezinsukwini ezingu-3 ngemva kwalokho, kanye nezinsuku ezingu-10-15 ngemva kokulimala emakhazeni noma ukulimala kweqhwa ukuze uthuthukise ukumelana kwezitshalo ekulimaleni emakhazeni noma ekulimaleni kweqhwa. Izitshalo eziqandisiwe ziqala kabusha ukukhula ngokushesha. Ukushisa kwentwasahlobo okuphelile kuzolimaza ama-calyces angaphezu kuka-60% e-cherry. Ama-brassinoid emvelo + ukwelashwa komanyolo we-potassium foliar kunganciphisa kakhulu izinga lokulimala ngo-40% futhi kuqinisekise ukuvundiswa okuvamile.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokuqandisa, uhlelo lwe-photosynthesis lwezitshalo lonakele futhi i-photosynthesis ayikwazi ukuqedwa ngokujwayelekile, okuthinta kakhulu ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zikatamatisi zihlupheke ngokucindezeleka kokubanda, fafaza sonke isitshalo ngokuncibilikiswa okuphindwe ka-2000 kwe-brassinosterol yemvelo + i-amino acid foliar nutrition ukuze kusebenze imisebenzi ye-peroxidase (POD) kanye ne-catalase (CAT). Susa ama-radicals amahhala e-oxygen acindezelekile kumatamatisi ukuze uvikele uhlelo lwe-photosynthesis lwezithombo zikatamatisi ezicindezelekile ukubanda futhi ukhuthaze ukululama okusheshayo ngemva kokucindezeleka.
(6) Ukususa ukhula oluhlanganisiwe, ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuphephile
Ama-brassinoid emvelo angashukumisa ngokushesha izinga le-basal metabolism yezitshalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma esetshenziswa kanye nemithi yokubulala ukhula, angakhuthaza ukumuncwa nokuthuthwa kwemithi ngokhula futhi athuthukise umphumela wemithi yokubulala ukhula; ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi yokubulala ukhula zibonakala ziyingozi, ama-brassica emvelo kufanele aphinde asetshenziswe ngesikhathi esifanele. I-hormone ingavuselela indlela yokususa ukhula ezitshalweni, isheshise ukususwa kokhula ezitshalweni, futhi ikhuthaze ukululama kwezitshalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-19-2024