IBrazil ifuna umanyolo ophuthumayo ovela eRussia, eShayina naseMorocco.

Uhulumeni wobumbano waseBrazil usungule ikomidi lokuphendula ezinkingeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo ekukhiqizweni komanyolo we-phosphate ngesikhathi sesizini yesivuno sika-2026/27 zingatholakala. Izikhulu zaseBrazil zibambe izingxoxo nabahlinzeki bakamanyolo abakhulu bezwe - iRussia, iShayina neMorocco - futhi zizimisele ukuthenga ngamanani emakethe ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa.

Lokhu kukhathazeka kukhombisa ukuthembela okukhulu kweBrazil kumanyolo angeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ukungezwani kwezepolitiki kanye nesimo samanje semakethe yomanyolo womhlaba wonke kuye kwabhebhethekisa kakhulu lobu buthakathaka.

Ngo-2025, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele komanyolo eBrazil kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-491, okwathi inani lokungenisa kuwo lafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-455. Inani eliphelele lokungenisa lalingamadola ayizigidigidi ezingu-14.5 aseMelika, okwenza ama-92% esidingo sasekhaya. Ngo-2024, leli zinga lokuthembela lafinyelela kuma-97%. Ngokusho kwe-Brazilian Association of Agriculture and Livestock (CNA), esikhathini esilandelayo sokutshala, kuthengwe ama-40% kuya ku-45% kuphela omanyolo odingekayo.

I-Brazilian Fertilizer Raw Materials Association (Sinprifert) kanye ne-National Fertilizer Association (Anda) baxwayise uhulumeni ngokuntuleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile ezifana nomanyolo we-phosphate kanye ne-sulfur, i-sulfuric acid, njll. I-Brazil ithembele cishe ngokuphelele ekuthengisweni kwe-sulfur kwamanye amazwe, futhi ubunzima bokutholakala kwayo buye baholela kwezinye izikhungo zokucubungula ukuthi zinciphise ukukhiqizwa noma zivalwe.

Ezingxoxweni zamazwe ngamazwe, lo hulumeni uhlola amandla okukhiqiza atholakalayo abaphakeli futhi ucabanga ukusayina isivumelwano sokuqonda ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezimpahla uma kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo.

Ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala zika-2026, inani likamanyolo ongeniswe ngeParanaguá Port lehle cishe ngo-45% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Lokhu kwehla kukhombisa ubunzima bezokuthutha obubangelwe yimpi eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nokucindezelwa kwenzuzo yabangenisi ngenxa yezinga lenzalo eliphezulu.

IShayina ixoxisana neBrazil ngezindaba zentela. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni nohlangothi lwaseShayina kuyisisombululo esithembisayo kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isimo se-El Niño singase sikhule, kulindeleke ukuthi isidingo sikamanyolo sikhuphuke, kodwa ubunzima bezezimali abalimi ababhekene nabo bungase bunciphise inani labo lokuthenga.

I-CNA iveze ukuthi ukuthembela kweBrazil kumanyolo angeniswa kwamanye amazwe kubonisa ukuthi naphezu kokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sasekhaya, ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kuye kwama.

Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2025, inani lokulethwa kukamanyolo eBrazil landa ngo-63%, kanti inani lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe landa ngo-130%. Ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwahlala kuzinzile, kushintshashintsha phakathi kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-7.2 nezingu-9.1.

Ngo-2025, abahlinzeki bomanyolo abahlanu abaphambili eBrazil kwakuyiShayina, iRussia, iCanada, iMorocco kanye neGibhithe. Lawa mazwe amahlanu ehlangene abalelwa ku-69% wenani eliphelele lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.

Uma kuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lomanyolo, ukuthembela kweBrazil kumanyolo angenisiwe kubaluleke kakhulu. Kumanyolo we-potassium, kuphezulu ngamaphesenti angama-98; kumanyolo we-nitrogen, kungama-93%; kanti kumanyolo we-phosphate, kungama-57%. Umanyolo we-potassium ubhekwa njengobuthakathaka bezwe ngenxa yokuthembela kwawo okuphezulu ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokusetshenziswa.

IBrazil inezindawo zokugcina i-phosphorite emazweni aseMinas Gerais naseGoiás. Ngo-2024, isikhungo sezimayini kanye nezimboni se-Serra do Salitre se-EuroChem Company saqala ukusebenza, sinomthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke wamathani ayisigidi esingu-1 kamanyolo we-phosphate.

Noma kunjalo, imboni yabhekana nobunzima obukhulu ngo-2026. Ngenxa yenkinga yomhlaba wonke yesibabule - lapho intengo yesibabule inyuke khona ngaphezu kuka-1,100% - iMosaic yavala unomphela izimboni zayo e-Araxá nasePatrocínio, futhi yamisa okwesikhashana imisebenzi eTapira naseCatalão.

Ukwenyuka okukhulu kwentengo yesibabule kubonisa kakhulu ukungalingani phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo, izinkinga zezokuthutha, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwabahlinzeki abakhulu, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo embonini yamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi kanye nomkhakha wezimboni e-Asia.