Ngokuthuthuka kwezolimo ezinkulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukuvimbela izifo kuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasehlobo esishisayo nesinomswakama laphoizimpukane nomiyanezanda ngobuningi, kusheshiswe ukusabalala kwezifo zezilwane futhi kube yingozi enkulu yokuqubuka kwezifo. Lokhu kulethe imiphumela eminingi emibi ekukhiqizweni kwemboni yezilwane. Indlela yokuvimbela izimpukane ngokwesayensi nangempumelelo nokuqeda omiyane isibe yinkinga ephuthumayo ewusizo okudingeka ixazululwe amapulazi amakhulu ezilwane zasemakhaya.
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo ehlobo, isifiso sokudla sezilwane siyathinteka, ukuzwela kwazo ezweni langaphandle kuyanda. Emini, ziphazanyiswa yizimpukane, kanti ebusuku, zilunywa omiyane. Ngenxa yalokho, azikwazi ukuphumula ngokwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokulunywa yizimpukane nomiyane, izakhamzimba emizimbeni yezilwane ziyasuswa, okuthinta kakhulu izinga lokukhula kwazo kanye nokumelana nezifo emzimbeni.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi omiyane nezimpukane zingathwala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zamabhaktheriya, amagciwane kanye nezinambuzane. Phakathi kwazo, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zamagciwane ziyadluliselwa futhi zithwalwe yizimpukane. Izifo ezibalulekile ezithinta imfuyo kanye nokuzalela izinkukhu zifaka: isifo sonyawo nomlomo, ama-pseudorabies, umkhuhlane wezingulube, umkhuhlane wezinyoni, isifo saseNewcastle, i-avian Pasteurella multocida, i-avian Escherichia coli, i-coccidiosis, njll. Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezifo, zingasheshisa ukusabalala kwezifo eziwubhubhane futhi zandise ubunzima bokuvimbela nokulawula izifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezibayeni zokuzalela zezingulube, omiyane nezimpukane zingadala i-mastitis enzima ezingulubeni futhi zisakaze i-Streptococcus futhi zibangele i-Streptococcus meningitis ezingulubeni ezincane. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa nokuthi omiyane nezimpukane ziyizimbangela ze-swine fever, i-anaplasmosis kanye ne-gastroenteritis ethelelanayo.
Ukulawulwa kwemvelo kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokulawula omiyane nezimpukane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqeda imithombo yokuzalela, ukubilisa izinto eziphilayo emqubeni wezilwane nakwezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ukuze kugcinwe izimo ezinhle zokuhlanzeka, okwenza kube yinto engafanele ukusinda kwamaqanda omiyane, izibungu kanye nabantu abadala, noma ukuvimbela ukuthi bangadonseli izimpukane zesifazane ukuba zibeke amaqanda. Ukudala indawo efanele yamapulazi ezilwane kuyisici sokuqala esibalulekile ekukhuliseni izilwane ezinempilo. Lapho wakha amashede amakhulu ezilwane, akudingeki nje kuphela ukuthi ukwazi ukuvimbela imvula nomswakama, futhi uqinisekise ukufudumala ebusika kanye nokubanda ehlobo, kodwa kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokukhethekile nokuba nemisebenzi yokuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo. Ngakho-ke, lapho wakha amashede ezilwane, khetha indawo enendawo ephakeme neyomile, ebheke eningizimu, enomhlaba oyisicaba kanye nomthambeka omncane. Ukuhlelwa kweshede lezilwane kufanele kube okunengqondo, kucabangele ngokugcwele ukwelashwa nokusetshenziswa komquba, umchamo kanye nendle, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umoya omuhle ngaphakathi kweshede, okuvumela ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi angcolile.
Gcina ukuhlanzeka kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezindawo zokuzalela kanye nendawo ezizungezile, susa izindawo zokuzalela omiyane nezimpukane, susa indle kanye nomchamo ngokushesha ezindaweni zokuzalela, hlanza njalo izitsha zokudla kanye namathangi amanzi, gcwalisa amachibi amanzi kanye nemigodi, sebenzisa imisele yokukhipha amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba, gcina umquba kude nezindawo zokuhlala kanye nezindawo zokuzalela, futhi usebenzise njalo imithi yamakhemikhali yokubulala amagciwane ukuze ubulale izimpukane ezindala kanye nezimpukane. Ngemva kokuhlanza izindawo zokuzalela, susa amanzi, thuthukisa umoya ukuze womise ngokushesha phansi kwezindawo.
Emapulazini amakhulu emfuyo ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ngenxa yezindawo zawo ezikude, kunzima ukuphatha ngokuphelele imvelo ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo ezifana nokususa ukhula oluzungeze amashede emfuyo, ukuvala iminyango namafasitela amashede nge-plastiki mesh, nokuvimbela izimpukane nomiyane ukuthi bangangeni emashede. Emini, izicupho zezimpukane ezizenzakalelayo zingasetshenziswa ukuqeda izimpukane, kanti ebusuku, amadivayisi okubulala omiyane akhiqizwa yiGuangzhou Jiaobao Technology Electrical Appliance Factory angasetshenziswa ukuqeda omiyane.
Ezindongeni naseziphahleni ezingaphezu kwemitha eli-1 ngaphezu kwendawo yangaphakathi, labo abamunca amanzi kakhulu kufanele basebenzise amazinga aphezulu omuthi, futhi kufanele kwenziwe izinhlelo eziningi. Ezindaweni ezimunca amanzi kabi, kufanele kusetshenziswe imithi equkethe amazinga aphezulu kodwa ephansi. Imithi ingaba yi-48% chlorpyrifos, ixutshwe izikhathi eziyi-150 kuya kwezingama-200, noma i-Kainuo ixutshwe izikhathi ezingama-200 kuya kwezingama-300. Ekufutheni isikhala, 5%isibulala-zinambuzaneukumiswa, uwoyela wezinambuzane we-Kill-Duoxi ongu-6%, ukumiswa kwe-Wei Hui Jing okungu-5%, njll. kungasetshenziswa. Ngaphandle kwepulazi lezingulube, kufanele kufakwe izibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezindongeni zezindawo ezivalekile, emigodini yomquba, emiseleni yendle, emachibini, nasezindaweni lapho kuqongelelwa khona udoti, ukuze kungabikho ndawo yokuzalela omiyane, izimpethu nezimpukane. Uma kusetshenziswa izindlela zamakhemikhali ukulawula omiyane nezimpukane, kufanele kukhethwe imithi engenabo ubuthi noma engenabo ubuthi obuncane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingabulala omiyane nezimpukane ngempumelelo ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukukhula nokukhula okuvamile kwezingulube. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yomiyane nezimpukane, ikakhulukazi izimpukane, izingane zazo zikhula ukumelana nama-ejenti athile amakhemikhali ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukusebenzisa i-ejenti eyodwa yokulawula kuzonciphisa kancane kancane umphumela futhi kwenze ukulawula omiyane nezimpukane kube nzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokulungiselela imithi kufanele zikhethwe ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokujikeleza ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokulawula. Okokugcina, izidakamizwa noma izithasiselo zokubulala izimpukane nezimpethu kufanele zengezwe ekudleni komhlambi wonke, okungafeza injongo yokukhipha nokubulala izimbungulu emizimbeni yezingulube kuzo zonke izigaba, kwenze isikhumba sengulube sihlanzeke futhi sicwebezele, futhi kuthuthukiswe izinga lokukhula; indle yezingulube ingaba nomthelela omuhle ekubulaleni izimpukane zezimpethu emgodini wamanzi angcolile, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe umphumela omuhle wokulawula izimpukane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-08-2026
