Ukuchayeka kwamanye amakhemikhali abulala izinambuzane, njengemithi yokuxosha omiyane, kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi empilweni, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwedatha yocwaningo lukahulumeni.
Phakathi kwabahlanganyeli ku-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), amazinga aphezulu okuchayeka ezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zasekhaya ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-pyrethroid pesticides ahlotshaniswa nengozi ephindwe kathathu yokufa ngenxa yezifo zenhliziyo (isilinganiso sengozi 3.00, 95% CI 1.02–8.80) UDkt. Wei Bao kanye nozakwabo base-University of Iowa e-Iowa City bayabika.
Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuchayeka kulezi zibulala-zinambuzane nabo babenengozi ekhulayo engu-56% yokufa ngenxa yazo zonke izimbangela uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abasengozini encane kakhulu yokuchayeka kulezi zibulala-zinambuzane (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.08–2. 26).
Kodwa-ke, ababhali baphawule ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid azihlotshaniswa nokufa komdlavuza (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.31–2.72).
Amamodeli alungiswe ngokwebala/ubuzwe, ubulili, ubudala, i-BMI, i-creatinine, ukudla, indlela yokuphila, kanye nezici zezenhlalo.
Izibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid zivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa yi-US Environmental Protection Agency futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezixosheni omiyane, ezixosheni izintwala zekhanda, ezishampu nasezifuthweni zezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokulawula izinambuzane yangaphakathi nangaphandle futhi zibhekwa njengeziphephile kakhulu.
“Nakuba sekukhiqizwe ama-pyrethroids angaphezu kwe-1,000, kunezibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid ezingaba yishumi nambili kuphela emakethe yase-US, njenge-permethrin, i-cypermethrin, i-deltamethrin kanye ne-cyfluthrin,” kuchaza ithimba likaBao, lenezela ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-pyrethroids “kukhuphukile.” “Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, isimo siye saba sibi kakhulu ngenxa yokuyekwa kancane kancane kokusetshenziswa kwama-organophosphate ezindaweni zokuhlala.”
Kumazwana ahambisana nalokhu, uStephen Stellman, Ph.D., MPH, noJean Mager Stellman, Ph.D., baseColumbia University eNew York, baphawula ukuthi ama-pyrethroids “ayisibulala-zinambuzane sesibili esisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, esibalelwa ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilogremu kanye namashumi ezigidi zamaRandi aseMelika.” Ukuthengiswa kwase-US ngamaRandi aseMelika.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, “izibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid zitholakala yonke indawo futhi ukuvezwa kwazo akunakugwenywa,” kubhala uStelmans. Akuyona inkinga kuphela kubasebenzi basemapulazini: “Ukufutha omiyane emoyeni ukulawula igciwane laseWest Nile nezinye izifo ezithwalwa yizinambuzane eNew York nakwezinye izindawo kuncike kakhulu kuma-pyrethroid,” kuphawula uStelmans.
Ucwaningo luhlole imiphumela yabantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-2,000 ababambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi ye-NHANES ka-1999-2000 abahlolwe ngokomzimba, baqoqa amasampula egazi, futhi baphendula imibuzo yocwaningo. Ukuchayeka kwe-pyrethroid kwalinganiswa ngamazinga omchamo we-3-phenoxybenzoic acid, i-metabolite ye-pyrethroid, kanti abahlanganyeli bahlukaniswa baba yi-tertiles yokuchayeka.
Ngesikhathi sokulandelela okumaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-14, abantu abangu-246 bafa: abangu-52 ngenxa yomdlavuza kanye nabangu-41 ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, abantu abamnyama abangebona amaHispanic babechayeke kakhulu kuma-pyrethroids kunamaHispanic kanye nabamhlophe abangebona amaHispanic. Abantu abanemali engenayo ephansi, amazinga aphansi emfundo, kanye nekhwalithi yokudla ephansi nabo babevame ukuba nesifo se-pyrethroid esiphezulu kakhulu.
UStellman noStellman baqokomise "impilo emfushane kakhulu" yama-biomarker e-pyrethroid, isilinganiso samahora angu-5.7 kuphela.
“Ukuba khona kwamazinga atholakalayo e-pyrethroid metabolites eqedwa ngokushesha ezixukwini ezinkulu, ezihlukene ngokwezindawo kubonisa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside futhi kwenza kubaluleke ukuhlonza imithombo ethile yemvelo,” baphawula.
Kodwa-ke, baphinde baphawula ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi abahlanganyeli ocwaningweni babesebancane kakhulu (iminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-59), kunzima ukulinganisa ngokugcwele ubukhulu bokuhlobana nokufa kwabantu abanezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Kodwa-ke, "isilinganiso esiyingozi kakhulu" sidinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngala makhemikhali kanye nezingozi zawo ezingaba khona empilweni yomphakathi, kusho uStellman noStellman.
Omunye umkhawulo walolu cwaningo, ngokusho kwababhali, ukusetshenziswa kwamasampula omchamo wasensimini ukukala ama-metabolite e-pyrethroid, okungase kungabonakali izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekuhlukanisweni kabi kokuchayeka okuvamile ezibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid.
UKristen Monaco ungumbhali omkhulu ogxile ezindabeni ze-endocrinology, izifo zengqondo kanye ne-nephrology. Usebenza ehhovisi laseNew York futhi ubelokhu esebenzela inkampani kusukela ngo-2015.
Ucwaningo lusekelwe yiNational Institutes of Health (NIH) nge-University of Iowa Environmental Health Research Center.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-26-2023