Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo zemango, umhlabathi kufanele ulungiswe bese kufakwa umanyolo oyisisekelo.Kusukela esigabeni sokuhluma kwezithombo noma ngemva kokuba izithombo zisindile, kufanele kwenziwe ukwakheka nokuthenwa okufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amagatsha asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo,Isihlahla sinokungena okuhle kokukhanya, okuzuzisa kokubili ukukhula kwezakhamzimba kanye nokuthela izithelo, futhi sakha isimo sesihlahla esithela ngokushesha, isivuno esikhulu kanye nokukhiqizwa okuzinzile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukungena kahle kwesihlahla, izifo ezinkulu kanye nezinambuzane, kanye nenani eliphansi lezithelo zokuhweba ngemva kokuthela izithelo.
I. Izindlela zokuthena nokubumba
1. Indlela yemvelo yokubumba isiqongo esiyindilinga. Ngemva kokutshala isitshalo, uma sikhula sibe ngamasentimitha angu-60-70 ukuphakama, sika ingxenye ephezulu ukuze umise isiqu esiyinhloko. Igatsha lokuqala eliseceleni kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angu-30-40 ukusuka esiqwini esiyinhloko, kanti igatsha lesibili eliseceleni kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angu-25-35 ukusuka egatsheni eliyinhloko. Phinda le nqubo ukuze wakhe umqhele wesihlahla onesiqongo esiyindilinga.
2. Kuyindlela yokubumba isiqu esiphakathi. Lapho isitshalo sikhula sibe ngamasentimitha angu-60-70 ukuphakama, isiqu esiyinhloko siyanqunywa futhi simiswe. Kunamagatsha amathathu amakhulu ongqimbeni lokuqala, kanti amagatsha amathathu kuya kwamane ashiywe ongqimbeni lwesibili, aqhele ngamasentimitha angama-20 ukusuka egatsheni lesibili eliyinhloko. Lesi sihlahla sinesiqu esiyinhloko esiphakathi esihlukile esima siqonde phezulu. Umqhele wesihlahla wakha izingqimba ezimbili zamaqabunga, elinye lincane phezulu kanti elinye likhulu phansi.
3. Indlela yokubumba efana nefeni yemvelo. Le ndlela ihilela ukuncisha iziqongo zezitshalo lapho zifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-90, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagatsha nokugcina amagatsha amathathu amakhulu. Ingqimba yesibili yamagatsha amakhulu yakha isimo esiphambeneyo nengqimba yokuqala yamagatsha amakhulu, futhi isiqondiso sihambisana nesengqimba yokuqala. Le ndlela ifanelekela ukutshala okufushane, okuqinile, kanye nokutshala okunamandla, okuvumela umoya ukungena nokukhanya emigqeni. Kodwa-ke, amasu okubumba nokuthena adinga amakhono aphezulu futhi adinga umsebenzi omningi.
II. Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okuphathwa Kwezivuno Eziphezulu ZamaMango
1. Ukuphathwa Komanyolo. Ngaphezu kokuthena nokwakheka okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla, umanyolo wemvelo kanye nomanyolo ohlanganisiwe wekhwalithi ephezulu ungakhethwa njengomanyolo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa amahlumela ezimbali zezihlahla zemango ezivuthiwe (inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, okungukuthi, uSepthemba-Okthoba), umanyolo wokungenisa izimbali kufanele usetshenziswe, ikakhulukazi oqukethe i-nitrogen (urea) kanye ne-potassium (potassium nitrate); ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ngesikhathi sokwanda kwezithelo, kufanele kusetshenziswe umanyolo okhuthaza izithelo; ngemva kokuvunwa kwezithelo, umanyolo wemvelo kufanele usetshenziswe njengomanyolo oyinhloko.
2. Lawula ukukhiqizwa okwandisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali zemango entwasahlobo, uma kuvela imvula noma kubanda, amaqoqo ezimbali eziqhakaza ekuqaleni angasuswa ngesandla, futhi ukuhlushwa kwama-milligram angu-500 ngelitha le-paclobutrazol kungafuthwa ukuze kubambezeleke isikhathi sokuqhakaza. Uma izimo zezulu zizinhle, i-ethylene ingafuthwa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuqhakaza kwezihlahla futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwamagatsha angondlekile ngokweqile.Susa ngesandla amaqoqo ezimbali aminyene kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezithelo okufanayo.
3. Ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo. Izifo ezivamile zemango zifaka phakathi i-anthracnose, i-powdery mildew, kanye ne-gummosis. Imithi ingasetshenziswa ukuvimbela noma ukulawula ngaphambi noma ekuqaleni kokuvela kwesifo. Nge-anthracnose, i-80% mancozeb WP ekugxilweni okungu-400-600 izikhathi, noma i-70% thiophanate-methyl WP izikhathi ezingu-1000-1500, noma i-50% benomyl WP izikhathi ezingu-800-1000, noma i-25% mancozeb EC ngezikhathi ezingu-2000-3000 ingasetshenziswa ukulawula. Nge-powdery mildew, i-20% triadimefon EC izikhathi ezingu-800 noma i-15% triadimefon WP izikhathi ezingu-500 ingasetshenziswa. Nge-gummosis, ingxenye enesifo ingasikwa ngommese, bese kufakwa ifilimu yokuphulukisa amanxeba kanye neyokulwa nokugqwala ukuvala inxeba. Faka njalo ifilimu entsha ene-lipid ephezulu bese ufafaza i-70% ye-thiophanate-methyl WP ngokuhlushwa okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-800.
Lawula ukukhiqizwa okwandisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali zemango entwasahlobo, uma kuvela imvula noma kubanda, amaqoqo ezimbali aqhakaza ekuqaleni angasuswa ngesandla, futhi ukuhlushwa kwama-milligram angu-500 ngelitha le-paclobutrazol kungafuthwa ukuze kubambezeleke isikhathi sokuqhakaza. Uma izimo zezulu zinhle, i-ethylene ingafuthwa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuqhakaza kwezihlahla futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwamagatsha angondlekile ngokweqile. Susa ngesandla amaqoqo ezimbali aminyene kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezithelo okufanayo.
Ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo. Izifo ezivamile zemango zifaka phakathi i-anthracnose, i-powdery mildew, kanye ne-gummosis. Imithi ingasetshenziswa ukuvimbela noma ukulawula ngaphambi noma ekuqaleni kokuvela kwesifo. Nge-anthracnose, i-80% mancozeb WP ekugxilweni okungu-400-600 izikhathi, noma i-70% thiophanate-methyl WP izikhathi ezingu-1000-1500, noma i-50% benomyl WP izikhathi ezingu-800-1000, noma i-25% mancozeb EC ngezikhathi ezingu-2000-3000 ingasetshenziswa ukulawula. Nge-powdery mildew, i-20% triadimefon EC izikhathi ezingu-800 noma i-15% triadimefon WP izikhathi ezingu-500 ingasetshenziswa. Nge-gummosis, ingxenye enesifo ingasikwa ngommese, bese kufakwa ifilimu yokuphulukisa amanxeba kanye neyokulwa nokugqwala ukuvala inxeba. Faka njalo ifilimu entsha ene-lipid ephezulu bese ufafaza i-70% ye-thiophanate-methyl WP ngokuhlushwa okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-800.
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi amabhungane asebusuku, izintethe ezinamaqabunga ezithambile, izimbobo zokhuni, kanye nezimpukane ezincane zezithelo. Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ezolimo nezebhayoloji, lapho amahlumela athambile noma amaqoqo ezimbali ephuma ngamasentimitha angu-1 kuya kwangu-3, isisombululo sekristalu esingu-90% se-carbaryl esiqongweni esiphindwe kayi-1000 singasetshenziswa ukuvimbela nokulawula. Futha kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-10, bese uphinda le nqubo izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3. Kwababobozi bokhuni, i-concentrate engu-30% ye-carbaryl emulsifiable eqoqweni izikhathi ezingu-80 kuya kwezingu-100 iqongo lingafakwa emigodini, bese uvala izikhala zemigodi. Kwababobozi bokhuni, i-methyl eugenol ingasetshenziswa ukubamba nokubulala. Ngokukhethekile, izingcezu ezincane zesikwele sebhodi le-fiber yomoba ezicwiliswe ku-methyl eugenol kanye nesisombululo se-malathion esingu-3% zilenga ezihlahleni ukuze zibambe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-27-2026
