Muva nje, iNational Agricultural Technology Center, ngokubambisana ne-Institute ofUkuvikelwa Kwezitshalowe-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences kanye nezinye izinhlangano, usungule futhi wakhipha “Isiqondiso Sobuchwepheshe Sokusebenzisa Izimoto Zasemoyeni Ezingenamuntu Zezolimo Ukulawula Izinambuzane Ezinkulu Nezifo Zommbila”. Inhloso ukuthuthukisa izinga lesayensi nelijwayelekile lokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu zezolimo ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane ezinkulu nezifo zommbila, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nelisekupheleni kommbila.
Isiqondiso Sobuchwepheshe Sokusebenzisa Izimoto Zasemoyeni Ezingenamuntu ZezolimoUkulawulwa Kwezinambuzanekanye Nokuvimbela Izifo Zezinambuzane Nezifo Ezinkulu Zommbila
Ngokusho kwesibikezelo seNational Agricultural Technology Center, ngo-2026, ukuvela kwezifo zommbila nezinambuzane ezweni kuzoba kubi kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, izinambuzane ezifana nezimbobo zommbila, izibungu zekotoni, nezinambuzane ezinamathelayo zizovela kakhulu kwezinye izindawo zaseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeShayina kanye neThafa Eliphuzi neHuaihai. Isifo sokubola kwesiqu sizoba nengozi enkulu yokuphindeka eThafeni Eliphuzi neHuaihai, eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina, kanye naseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeShayina.
1. Ukukhetha okufanele kwama-ejenti okulawula
(1) Gxila esikhathini esifanele sokuvimbela. Ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokuvela, uhlobo, kanye nobunzima bezifo zommbila kanye nezinambuzane, nquma izinambuzane eziqondiwe ngokuyinhloko kanye nesikhathi esifanele sokuvimbela ngokwezimo zendawo.
Kusukela esikhathini sokuvunwa kwezindlebe ezinkulu kuya esigabeni sokukhishwa kwempova, isifunda esisenyakatho-mpumalanga sigxile ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezifana ne-corn borer, ama-aphid, i-double-spotted long-leave leaf beetle, isifo samabala amakhulu, kanye nesifo samabala ampunga; isifunda saseHuaihai sigxile ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezifana ne-corn borer, izinambuzane ezinamathelayo, isifo sokubola kwesiqu, isifo sokugqwala kweseningizimu, kanye nesifo samabala amancane; isifunda esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga sigxile ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezifana ne-corn borer, izinambuzane ezinamathelayo, izimbuzane ezibomvu, i-double-spotted long-leave leaf beetle, isifo sokubola kwesiqu, kanye nesifo samabala amakhulu; isifunda esiseningizimu-ntshonalanga sigxile ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezifana ne-grassy stem borer, i-corn borer, izinambuzane ezinamathelayo, isifo sokubola kwesiqu, kanye nesifo samabala amakhulu.
Kusukela esigabeni sokwakheka kokusanhlamvu kuya esigabeni sobisi, esifundeni saseNyakatho-mpumalanga, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okuyinhloko kugxile ezimbotsheni zommbila, izimbotshana, izimbungulu zamaqabunga ezinemilenze emide emibili, izifo ze-smut, izifo ezinkulu zamachashazi, kanye nezifo zamachashazi ampunga; esifundeni saseHuang-Huai-Hai, kugxile kakhulu ezimbotsheni zommbila, izimbotshana zepetshisi, izimbungulu zekotini, izifo ze-smut, izifo zokugqwala kwaseningizimu, kanye nezifo zamachashazi amancane; esifundeni saseNyakatho-ntshonalanga, kulawulwe kakhulu izimbotshana zommbila, izimbuzane ezibomvu, izimbungulu zamaqabunga ezinemilenze emide emibili, izifo ze-smut, izifo ezinkulu zamachashazi; esifundeni saseNingizimu-ntshonalanga, kugxile kummbila othwalwa yizintethe, izimbotshana zommbila, izifo ze-smut, izifo ezinkulu zamachashazi, kanye nezifo zamachashazi ampunga.
(2) Khetha izibulala-zinambuzane ezifanele. Ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kulawulwe izinambuzane ezifana ne-green stem borer, i-sticky moth, kanye ne-corn borer, izibulala-zinambuzane kufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sesigaba se-larval zisencane. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezifanele zifaka i-Bacillus thuringiensis, i-chlorpyrifos-methyl, i-methamidophos-aminobenzoate, kanye ne-ethyl polyhydroxybenzyl imidazoline. Ukuze kulawulwe ama-aphid, izibulala-zinambuzane kufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuqubuka. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezifanele zifaka i-thiamethoxam, i-thiamethionam, kanye ne-imidacloprid. Ukuze kulawulwe i-peach borer kanye ne-cotton bollworm, izibulala-zinambuzane kufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sesigaba se-larval zisencane. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezifanele zifaka i-tetra-cyanothiamamide, i-chlorpyrifos-methyl, i-methamidophos-aminobenzoate, kanye ne-cypermethrin. Ukuze kulawulwe izifo ezifana nesifo se-large spot, isifo se-small spot, i-southern rust, kanye nesifo se-grey spot, izibulala-zinambuzane kufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuqubuka kwesifo. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezifanele zifaka phakathi i-flufurafos-dimethylamine, i-pyrazofamet, i-cipcon-pyrimidinethione, kanye ne-oxamoxazin-pentazole. Emasimini athinteke kakhulu, kungenziwa isicelo sesibili ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Ukuze kulawulwe isifo sokubola kwezindlebe, kufanele kusetshenziswe izibulala-zinambuzane ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuqubuka kwesifo. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezifanele zifaka phakathi i-pyrazofamet, i-flufurafos-dimethylamine, kanye ne-ethylate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokusebenza "kwe-one spray for multiple promotions", abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo abafanele bangangezwa ukuthuthukisa impilo yezitshalo zommbila nokuvimbela ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokukhuthaza ukwanda kwesivuno.
II. Ukukhetha ifomu lomthamo elifanele kanye nokufaka izinsiza zokuxuba ethangini
(1) Khetha ifomu lomthamo elifanele ngokwesayensi. Amafomu omthamo wezibulala-zinambuzane afanele ukusebenza kwama-drone ezolimo afaka phakathi ama-suspension agents, ama-dispersible oil suspension agents, ama-water-based agents, ama-water emulsions, ama-microemulsions, ama-water-soluble granules, kanye nezixazululo zamafutha ezincibilikayo. Ama-powders kanye nama-wettable powders anokuhambisana okuncane. Uma uxuba izibulala-zinambuzane eziningi, kunconywa ukuthi uzifake ngokulandelana okulandelayo: amanzi - ama-solid agents (ama-water-soluble granules) - ama-suspension agents (ama-dispersible oil suspension agents, ama-suspension agents) - ama-emulsion agents (ama-microemulsions, ama-water emulsions) - ama-dispersion liquid agents (ama-emulsifiable oil solutions). Ngemuva kokufaka isibulala-zinambuzane ngasinye, qiniseka ukuthi uxuba kahle ukuze uthole isisombululo esizinzile, esingancibiliki, nesingahlukanisiwe ngaphambi kokufaka isibulala-zinambuzane esilandelayo. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-clumps, ukuvaleka kwe-nozzle, noma ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwesibulala-zinambuzane.
(2) Yenza kube sezingeni elifanele ukufakwa kwezithasiselo zokuxuba amabhakede. Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi wokufutha, kufanele kufakwe inani elifanele lezithasiselo zokuxuba amabhakede esixazululweni sezibulala-zinambuzane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwaso, kukhuthazwe ukumiswa kwamaconsi, kuncishiswe ukulahleka kokukhukhuleka, kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguguleka kwemvula kanye nokuhwamuka, futhi kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo umphumela wokulawula. Kufanele kuqalwe ukusebenzisa izithasiselo ezikhethekile zokufutha emoyeni, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuhambisana nezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswayo. Kugwenywe ukwehluleka kwesisombululo sezibulala-zinambuzane noma ukusabela okubi. Ngokuvamile, isithasiselo kufanele sengezwe ngesilinganiso esingu-0.5% - 1% somthamo woketshezi lokufutha. Inani lokwengeza lingalungiswa ngokufanele ngokuya ngohlobo lwesithasiselo, ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo sezibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nendawo yokusebenza.
III. Landela ngokuqinile izidingo zokufutha emoyeni.
(1) Indawo Yokusebenzela. Yenza imisebenzi yokufafaza izibulala-zinambuzane usebenzisa ama-drone ezolimo endaweni evulekile futhi enomoya omuhle. Ngaphambi komsebenzi wokufafaza, yenza uphenyo lwendawo ezungezile yendawo yokufafaza, nquma umngcele wokufafaza, uhlole ngokuphelele izingozi ezingaba khona, futhi uvimbele ukukhukhuleka kwamaconsi ezibulala-zinambuzane ekudaleni umonakalo ezintweni eziphilayo ezingahlosiwe kanye nomonakalo wezitshalo endaweni ezungezile. Ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-200 umoya wehla endaweni yokufafaza, akufanele kube nezitshalo ezikhiqiza umpe.
(2) Indawo yokusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, isivinini somoya endaweni ezungezile kufanele sibe ngaphansi kwezinga lesi-3 (≤ 3.4 m/s), kanti izinga lokushisa endaweni ezungezile kufanele libe phakathi kuka-15℃ no-30℃. Isifunda ngasinye singanquma isikhathi esifanele sokusetshenziswa ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela, futhi kufanele sigweme isikhathi esingaphezu kuka-30℃. Uma kunenkungu noma amazolo amakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuba inkungu namazolo sekuphelile.
4. Setha ngokufanele amapharamitha okusebenza
(1) Imingcele yokusebenza eyisisekelo. Imingcele yokufafaza yamadroni ahlukene ezolimo iyahlukahluka. Izici ezifana nosayizi wendiza, insimu yomoya ophansi, isigaba sokukhula kommbila, kanye nezinhlobo zezinambuzane nezifo okufanele zilawulwe kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokuphelele. Imingcele yokundiza efanele kufanele isethwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kufafaza okufanayo, akukho kufafaza ngokweqile noma ukuphamba okungafanele, ukulahlekelwa okuncane kokukhukhuleka, kanye nokulimala kwezitshalo. Ngaphambi kokufafaza okukhulu, ukuhlolwa okufanayo kanye nokuzinza komsebenzi kufanele kwenziwe. Njengoba umthwalo wendiza ukhuphuka, ukuphakama kokundiza kufanele kuphakanyiswe ngokufanele, futhi isivinini sokundiza kufanele sincishiswe ngokufanele.
(2) Izindlela ezahlukene zokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, umzila wokusebenza kanye nemingcele kufanele kulungiswe ngokwezimo zangempela njengesivinini somoya kanye nesiqondiso, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza kufanele lulungiswe ngokwezimo zendawo. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhukhuleka okubangelwa yimimoya evunguzayo, isiqondiso sokundiza singasethwa sihambisane nesiqondiso somoya. Ukuze kwandiswe ukufakwa kwesisombululo sezibulala-zinambuzane, lapho isiqondiso sokundiza siphambene nesiqondiso somoya, isivinini sokundiza singancishiswa ngokufanele; lapho isiqondiso sokundiza sifana nesiqondiso somoya, isivinini sokundiza singakhushulwa ngokufanele.
(3) Amapharamitha okusebenza kusukela ku-nozzle enkulu kuya esigabeni sokugaya. Lesi sigaba siyindawo ebalulekile yokulawula izinambuzane nezifo emmbileni. Insimu imbozwe kakhulu yizitshalo, futhi ukusebenza kufanele kuqinisekise kokubili ukumbozwa okufanayo kwesisombululo sokubulala izinambuzane kanye nokuphepha kwezitshalo. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ngesikhathi sokugaya kanye nesikhathi sokuqhakaza ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamisa ukuthuthwa kwempova. Kuma-drone ezolimo ane-rotor amaningi anomthamo womthwalo osuka ku-50L kuya ku-70L, ezindaweni zokutshala ezinobuningi bezitshalo ezingu-4500 kuya ku-8000 ngehektare, amapharamitha okusebenza afaneleka kakhulu yivolumu yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane engu-2L/acre kuya ku-2.5L/acre, ukuphakama kokundiza okungu-3.5m kuya ku-4m, kanye nesivinini sokundiza esingu-3m/s kuya ku-5m/s; Ezindaweni zokutshala ezinobuningi bezitshalo ezingu-4000 kuya ku-4500 ngehektare, imingcele yokusebenza efaneleke kakhulu yivolumu yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane engu-1.5L/acre kuya ku-2L/acre, ukuphakama kokundiza okungu-3.5m kuya ku-4m, kanye nesivinini sokundiza esingu-3m/s kuya ku-5m/s.
(4) Imingcele yokusebenza kusukela esigabeni sokwakheka kokusanhlamvu kommbila kuya esigabeni sobisi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izitshalo zommbila zitshalwe ziminyene futhi amakhoba aboshwe kahle. I-drone yezolimo kumele igweme ukundiza endaweni ephakeme kakhulu noma ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukungena okwanele komonakalo wokubulala izinambuzane noma wokukhukhuleka. Kuma-drone ezolimo anezinjini eziningi anomthwalo ongu-50L – 70L, ezindaweni zokutshala ezinobuningi bezitshalo ezingu-4500 – 8000 ngehektare, imingcele yokusebenza efaneleke kakhulu yivolumu yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane engu-2.5L/acre – 3.5L/acre, ukuphakama kokundiza okungu-3.5m – 4m, kanye nesivinini sokundiza esingu-3m/s – 5m/s; Ezindaweni zokutshala ezinobuningi bezitshalo ezingu-4000 – 4500 ngehektare, imingcele yokusebenza efaneleke kakhulu yivolumu yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane engu-2L/acre – 3L/acre, ukuphakama kokundiza okungu-3.5m – 4m, kanye nesivinini sokundiza esingu-3m/s – 5m/s.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kulungiswa isisombululo sokufutha esikhuthaza imiphumela eminingi ebhakedeni, kufanele kuqale kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuzinza kwengxube yemithi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izimpendulo zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali ezifana nokubekelwa phansi, ukugoba, noma imvula. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okuhlanganisiwe okukhulu kuphela okungenziwa ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izimpendulo ezinjalo.
V. Yenza imisebenzi yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ibe yinjwayelo
(1) Qinisekisa iziqu zabasebenzi kanye nokuvikelwa kokuphepha. Abasebenzi kufanele babe nezitifiketi ezisebenzayo futhi bagqoke izimpahla zokuzivikela ezidingekayo; benze ukuphathwa kokuphepha kwendawo kube okujwayelekile. Ngesikhathi sokusuka nokufika kwendiza, kufanele bahlale kude nezithiyo, imigqa yamandla aphezulu kanye nabantu, bagcine ibanga eliphephile.
(2) Yenza ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngaphambi kokufutha. Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi wokufutha, amakhadi okuhlola ubuningi bamaconsi angabekwa ezitshalweni zommbila kusenesikhathi ukuze kutholakale ubuningi bamaconsi futhi kuhlolwe ikhwalithi yokusebenza kokufutha; ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokusebenza kanye nomphumela wokulawula kusukela esigabeni esikhulu sendlebe kuya ekubunjweni kwe-tasseling, kanye nasekubunjweni kokusanhlamvu kuya ezigabeni zokuvuthwa kobisi, kunconywa ukuthi ubuningi bamaconsi bube≥Amaconsi angu-30 ngesentimitha lesikwele.
(3) Lawula ngokuqinile ukuphepha endaweni. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokufaka izibulala-zinambuzane, bonke abasebenzi kufanele babekwe endaweni evunguzayo yendawo yokufafaza futhi bavinjelwe ngokuphelele ukuhamba endaweni yokufaka izibulala-zinambuzane; umqhubi akumele adle, abheme, noma ashayele ucingo; kufanele aqaphele i-drone yezolimo kanye nesilawuli esikude ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma kwenzeka noma yisiphi isimo esiphuthumayo, kufanele basisingathe ngokushesha; akekho ovunyelwe ukuhamba endaweni yokusuka kanye neyokufika ukuze agweme ukulimala kwabasebenzi.
(4) Yenza ukuhlolwa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa kube okujwayelekile. Ngemva kokuba umsebenzi wokufaka izibulala-zinambuzane usuqediwe, ezindaweni ezingafafazwanga ngenxa yezithiyo noma amakhona, kufanele kwenziwe ukufutha kabusha ngesandla ngesikhathi esifanele; ukuhlanza nokugcina amabhokisi ezibulala-zinambuzane, ama-nozzle, njll., bese udlulisela imfucuza yokupakisha esitolo sebhizinisi noma esiteshini sokuvuselela imfucuza yokupakisha (indawo); uhlole njalo umphumela wokulawula wezinambuzane nezifo bese uhlola ikhwalithi yokusebenza kokufaka izibulala-zinambuzane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-15-2026
